Resultados de investigación

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many employees to introduce different degrees of teleworking, leading to a transformation of the psychosocial work environment. In this study, we analyzed whether the relationship between a labor resource, social support, and a personal resource, vigor at work, is affected by the work modality (face-to-face, hybrid that includes face-to-face work and telework time, and telework caused by the current pandemic situation). Five hundred and forty-three employees answered an online questionnaire about their perceptions of the levels of social support, vigor experienced in the last month, and work modality. Seniority in the organization and the gender of the employees were controlled for. The model fit was significant [F(7, 535) = 20.816, p < 0.001], accounting for 21% of the variation in vigor (R2 = 0.21). The interaction was also significant [F(2, 535) = 4.13, p < 0.05], with an increase of 1% in the explanation of the variance in vigor at work (ΔR2 = 0.01). Differences were found in the positive relationship between levels of social support and vigor at work, among the face-to-face and telework modalities (hybrid and telework), but not between teleworking modalities. As a result, we posit that the different forms of telework moderate (buffer) the relationship experienced between labor resources (social support) and personal resources (vigor at work). This implies that, for the design of teleworking conditions, it is necessary to provide work resources similar to those in face-to-face settings, such as social support., This research was supported by the University of Jaén through the financial support of the last author (EI_SEJ7_2019)

Background: Several studies have suggested that leaders showing high levels of authentic leadership increase workers’ overall job satisfaction, which is composed of different aspects with some distinctions among them. Furthermore, the implication of affective and motivational variables, such as vigor and engagement at work, respectively, have not been jointly considered for analysing the differences and similarities between public and private organizations. Thus, this study aims to analyze whether vigor at work and engagement at work play a mediating role between authentic leadership and different aspects of job satisfaction, considering both public and private organizations, to propose a trans-organizational model. Method: In this cross-sectional and cross-sectoral study, 1029 workers in private (n = 619) and public (n = 410) organizations from Spain participated completing a questionnaire. Results: Structural equation modelling was used to perform a multigroup mediation analysis (public versus private organizations) in which the invariance between groups was previously explored. The model showed a good fit to the data in which authentic leadership affected the dimensions of job satisfaction both directly and indirectly (through vigor at work and engagement). However, authentic leadership had a greater positive effect on vigor at work for private organizations; whereas work engagement was not significantly related to the job satisfaction dimension related to legal aspects for public organizations. Conclusion: The vigor at work and work engagement were important variables to explain the authentic leadership-job satisfaction relationship in both private and public organizations. Nevertheless, the relationship between work engagement and the dimensions of job satisfaction was different for both organizations., This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project PID2020-116521RB-I00, funded by CIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by a predoctoral fellowship (FPU18/00302).

This DMP aims to make the data from the studies conducted in the research project "Precursors, Mechanisms, and Individual Differences in Contextual Control (PMIDCC)” with Ref.: 2709149399-149399-4-823, available to the public for reuse with scientific purposes. The data access is open. In general terms, this DMP aligns with the "FAIR" principles, meaning that the data is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.

This collection IDS-5-FCV-datasets contains (5-fold stratified cross-validation applied to several IDS-related datasets) the most relevant standardized datasets for IDS studies. The repository contains pre-processed, normalized datasets that can be used in further studies. The collection is only one in the literature: KDD Cup 99 This is the data set used for The Third International Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Tools Competition, which was held in conjunction with KDD-99 The Fifth International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. The competition task was to build a network intrusion detector, a predictive model capable of distinguishing between malicious connections and benign normal connections. This database contains a standard set of data to be audited, which includes a wide variety of intrusions simulated in a military network environment. The corrected version of this dataset includes over 300.000 examples in total and four malicious classes: DoS, Probe, URL and U2R, as well as benign connections. Each example contains 42 attributes that mostly refer to connection information, such as error rates, number of consecutive attempts, protocols and several flags, among others. The original dataset can be found here: https://kdd.ics.uci.edu/databases/kddcup99/kddcup99.html UNB ISCX 2012 The UNB ISCX 2012 dataset was generated following a systematic approach to generate and provide information about attacks and benign connections, creating a dataset that is modifiable, extensible and reproducible. This dataset is based around profiles which contain detailed descriptions of intrusions and abstract models for protocols, applications or other network entities, generating real traffic for several commonplace web protocols such as HTTP, SMTP and SSH among others. This information is further complemented by multi-stage attack scenarios to generate malicious traffic, completing the dataset. The result is a dataset that contains much more information than any of the previously mentioned ones, including a complete capture of all network traffic and data, including all interactions within and between LANs as we all as the full packet load in PCAP formats, providing a vast amount of information for researchers to use. The tabular data in itself contains only 21 attributes that mostly refer to information about the source and destination, as well as packet sizes and payloads. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/ids.html UNSW-NB15 This dataset was created by the IXIA PerfectStorm tool in the Cyber Range Lab of UNSW Canberra in Australia, aiming to generate a hybrid of real modern-day internet activities combined with synthetic attack behaviors. This dataset includes a total of 9 types of attack: fuzzers, analysis, backdoor, DoS, exploit, generic, reconnaissance, shellcode and worms. Furthermore, each connection includes 49 attributes generated using tools such as Argus and Bro-IDS. In total, there are roughly 2,540,044 examples. These attributes include information about both the source and destination of packet loads, statistical information on their size and contents, information about interpacket arrival time and number of connections that share the same service and address, among others. The original dataset can be found here: https://research.unsw.edu.au/projects/unsw-nb15-dataset NSL-KDD This dataset was created to fix some of the problems detected in the KDD Cup 99 dataset. As such, it follows the same structure, labels and format as this dataset. The main issues it solves are the following: Redundant records were removed, thus preventing bias towards frequent records. The number of selected records from each group is inversely proportional to the percentage of records in the original dataset, allowing for a wider range and a more accurate evaluation of different learning techniques. As a consequence of previous changes, the amount of data that the dataset presents is reasonable, allowing for the use of the complete set instead of a portion of it. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/nsl.html WSN DS This dataset includes information about data traffic in wireless sensor networks (WSN), which consist of a large number of autonomous sensor nodes distributed in areas of interest to gather data and transmit it to a central node in which it can be processed. Due to their nature, they are highly susceptible to attacks: an attacker can easily be injected into a WSN, and since they are permanently online sending and receiving data, they can be easily shut down using a DoS or DDoS attack. Due to this, IDS research can be applied to WSN easily, allowing to alert sensor nodes in case they are attacked, though it is usually a harder task due to the limited hardware resources that sensor nodes make use of. Regardless of the requirements of sensor nodes, the data they gather and the attacks that they may suffer can provide valuable information when detecting certain attacks. In order to properly represent this data, the WSN DS is created, modelling four types of DoS attacks: Blackhole, Grayhole, Flooding and Scheduling, including 23 features, including the node that was attacked, a timestamp, several flags, and specific information about the messages that are sent and received to and from other nodes. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/bassamkasasbeh1/wsnds CIC-IDS2017 This dataset contains connection data on attacks that are common nowadays, as well as benign information gathered by the Canadian Institute of Cybersecurity (CIC). This real-world data was obtained by using CICFlowMeter, which is able to obtain web traffic and underlying information such as data flows, origin and destination IP, connection flags and packet flows. The dataset is stored throughout several CSV files, each of which has a specific date assigned. Each date contains information on several specific attacks. Included attacks on the dataset include SSH and FTP Bruteforce, DoS, DDoS, Heartbleed, Web Attacks, infiltrations, and bots. Each example contains 78 attributes and a label that defines it as either benign or malicious, and the specific attack type in the latter case. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/ids-2017.html CIC-CSE-IDS2018 Along the previous dataset, the CIC also created CIC-CSE-IDS2018 in collaboration with the Communications Security Establishment (CSE). This dataset is structured much like the previous one, presenting several attack environments that affect over 400 computers and 30 servers. Logs with traffic information for each of these environments is provided, as well as 80 attributes extracted by using CICFlowMeter. These attributes are the same as the previous dataset, though the connection protocol and timestamp of the connection have been added. Attacks included in this dataset are more limited than in the previous dataset, containing only FTP and SSH Bruteforce and several denial of service attacks. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/ids-2018.html CIC-DDoS2019 The CIC created another dataset focusing on distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. This dataset includes malicious data for both reflection-based DDoS and exploitation-based attacks. Reflection-based DDoS allows attackers to keep their identity hidden by using third-party components that seem legitimate. Packets are sent to reflection servers that focus all traffic towards the victim’s IP in an attempt to crash their connection with response packets. These attacks can be made from the transport layer protocols such as UDP, TCP, etc. On the other hand, exploitation-based attacks work much like the previous ones, though the intent is different, as they aim to send a massive amount of packets, such as SYN or UDP, to cause the victim’s connection to be severely slowed down or crash the system by exhausting the available bandwidth. The dataset includes examples of both types of DDoS and also benign traffic. Unlike previous CIC datasets, all data is included in one single file. Used attributes are exactly those of CIC-CSE-IDS2018. Moreover, two labels are present for each example: the first one specifies the type of attack, while the second one determines the type of connection (benign or malicious). The original dataset can be found here: https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/ddos-2019.html CIC-IoT2023 The last dataset created by the CIC is CIC-IoT2023, acting as a benchmark for the detection of large-scale attacks on IoT environments. This dataset includes 33 attacks in total, which are executed on an IoT topology composed of 105 devices. These attacks are furthermore divided into seven groups: DoS, DDoS, Recon, Web-based attacks, Brute Force, Spoofing and Mirai. Much like the previous CIC datasets, all gathered data is generated by using real connections and attacks on a controlled environment, guaranteeing a high-quality dataset. It includes a total of 46 attributes related to IoT connection data, including flow durations, header lengths, several connection flags and information on several other protocol-dependent parameters. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/iotdataset-2023.html DS2OS This dataset includes connection traces extracted from the DS2OS IoT environment. It should be noted that the traces that were gathered are extracted from the application layer instead of the network layer, therefore granting different information when compared to that provided by the other presented datasets. As it is based on an IoT network, it contains information associated with different sensors, such as thermometers, light controllers and movement sensors, as well as several smart items such as washing machines and mobile phones. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/francoisxa/ds2ostraffictraces CIDDS-001 CIDDS, or Coburg Intrusion Detection Data Sets, is a concept to create evaluation datasets for anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems that was started by researchers from Hochschule Coburg in Germany. CIDDS-001 is the first dataset that was created under such a concept, and it emulates a small business environment that is targeted by malicious actors, and it includes Denial of Service, Brute Force attacks, and Portscans that were executed within the networks. The purpose of this dataset is to be as realistic as possible, so that different workers connect to different webs or applications based on their jobs, time of connection is considered to include breaks, and so on. The dataset includes 10 attributes, as well as the class and supporting information for it, such as unique attack IDs, specific attack type, and a description of the attack that provides further information. Other attributes include source and destination IP and port, protocol, start time of the first flow, flow duration, flow size in bytes, flow packets, and flags. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.hs-coburg.de/forschen/cidds-coburg-intrusion-detection-data-sets/ TON-IoT Much like the UNB ISCX 2012 dataset, this dataset was created by the UNSW to provide both information and a benchmark that researchers may use to test the behavior of several algorithms and models to detect malicious connections in the context of IoT networks. The dataset contains a vast amount of supplemental information, including information on Windows and Linux systems connected through the network, which were afterwards processed to obtain the final dataset. This dataset includes 45 attributes, which include information about the source and destination, the specific protocol that was used for communication, size and duration of the packet flows and DNS, HTTP and SSL information. The original dataset can be found here: https://research.unsw.edu.au/projects/toniot-datasets Kaggle Network Intrusion Dataset This dataset was generated by simulating a US Air Force military network environment, then simulating several attacks over the resulting network, acquiring the corresponding TCP/IP dump. The resulting dataset has a total of 41 attributes and it presents a binary classification problem, in which each connection is labelled as either normal or anomalous. The information in the dataset includes the duration and size of the packet flows, the protocol used in it, which service it is associated with, several flags, information on both successful and unsuccessful logins and shell access, and server information, among others. The original dataset can be found here: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sampadab17/network-intrusion-detection, This collection contains the most relevant standardized datasets for IDS studies. The repository contains pre-processed, normalized datasets that can be used in further studies. The collection is only one in the literature.

Background: Several studies have examined the impact of leadership on employee well-being and health. However, this research has focused on a variable-centred approach. By contrast, the present study adopts a person-centred approach. Aims: To (a) identify latent ‘resources’ profiles among two samples combining vigour at work, work engagement and physical activity levels; (b) examine the link between the identified profiles and indicators of psychological/physical health; and (c) test whether different levels of transformational leadership determine the probability of belonging to a particular profile. Method: Two samples of workers, S1 and S2 (NS1 = 354; NS2 = 158), completed a cross-sectional survey before their annual medical examination. Results: For S1, the results of latent profile analysis yielded three profiles: spiritless, spirited and high-spirited. Both high-spirited and spirited profiles showed a positive relationship with mental health, whereas spiritless showed a negative relationship. For S2, two profiles (spirited and spiritless) were replicated, with similar effects on mental health, but none of them was related to total cholesterol. In both samples, transformational leadership determined the probability of belonging to a particular profile. Conclusions: Transformational leadership increased the probability of belonging to a more positive profile and, therefore, to better workers’ health., This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through project PID2020-116521RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by a predoctoral fellowship (FPU18/00302).

Research about factors affecting workers’ physical and mental fatigue has mainly focused on job characteristics. However, as the extended demands-resources model acknowledges, the family, work, and organizational domains are interconnected. In this study, we analyze whether self-undermining behaviors can induce work-family conflict, leading to fatigue. Moreover, we examine the moderating role of a physically active, healthy climate within the family on the above relationships. Two hundred sixteen workers from different industry sectors completed self-reported measures at two-time points. At Time 1 (T1), self-undermining and family health climate regarding physical activity; and at Time 2 (T2), work-family conflict and fatigue were measured. SPSS’s PROCESS macro was used to conduct moderated mediation analyses. Albeit selfundermining (T1) did not have a direct effect on fatigue (T2), it had an indirect effect through work-family conflict (T2), moderated by the family climate (T1). Specifically, an increase on physical activity behaviors at the family level buffered the effect of selfundermining on work-family conflict. This study highlights the interconnection between work and family, discovering strategies at the family level to buffer the impact of self-undermining behaviors on work-family conflict, thereby reducing fatigue. As stressors on one domain can hurt another, positive effects may also influence each other., This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through project PID2020-116521RB-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000110

Datos del artículo

Enhanced wind energy Capacity Factors data base (NUTS 3, hourly, 1990-2020) for Spain, resulting from this work: Antonio Jiménez-Garrote, Guadalupe Sánchez-Hernández, Miguel López-Cuesta, Inés María Galván, Ricardo Aler, David Pozo-Vázquez, A novel method for modeling renewable power production using ERA5: Spanish wind energy, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Volume 81, 2025, 104397, ISSN 2213-1388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.104397. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213138825002280 When quoting this dataset, please refer this publication., Enhanced wind energy Capacity Factors data base (NUTS 3, hourly, 1990-2020) for Spain, resulting from this work: Antonio Jiménez-Garrote, Guadalupe Sánchez-Hernández, Miguel López-Cuesta, Inés María Galván, Ricardo Aler, David Pozo-Vázquez, A novel method for modeling renewable power production using ERA5: Spanish wind energy, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Volume 81, 2025, 104397, ISSN 2213-1388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.104397. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213138825002280 When quoting this dataset, please refer this publication., This study was conducted in the framework the MET4LOWCAR research project (reference PID2019-107455RB-C21/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and PID2019-107455RB-C22/AEI/10.13039/5011 00011033), financed by the Spanish Research Agency. Guadalupe Sánchez-Hernández also thanks the support from UE-Junta de Andalucía co-funded postdoctoral fellowship PAIDI2020-DOC_01110. The authors acknowledge the Spanish TSO Red Eléctrica for yielding actual wind and solar PV generation data.