Resultados de investigación

Datasets from the surveys applied for the article "Barriers and Opportunities for Sustainable Farming Practices and Crop Diversification Strategies in Mediterranean Cereal-Based Systems" https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.861225

Data set associated with the published article entitled: Environmental Implications of Saline Efflorescence Associated with Metallic Mining Waste in a Mediterranean Region.

Purpose: The food industry should evolve towards new business models which take into account the damage cost in decision making, considering the impact that its products generate on the natural and human environment. Hence, the present study aims to calculate the damage cost caused by the production of whole fresh (as average of potatoes, aubergines, and broccoli), and processed vegetables (fresh-cut and pre-cooked). Methods: The environmental life cycle approach was carried out per kilogram of assessed products (from cradle to the entrance of the market). The foreground Life Cycle Inventory was obtained from engineering procurement and construction projects of the whole fresh and processed vegetables industries. The Ecoinvent 3.8 and Agribalyse 3.0.1 databases were used for the background inventory. The ReCiPe 2016 method was used with a hierarchical perspective, evaluating eighteen midpoint categories as well as the endpoint categories (human health, ecosystems, and resources). The monetisation of these environmental impacts was then calculated using the endpoint monetisation factors developed by Ponsioen et al. (Monetisa- tion of sustainability impacts of food production and consumption. Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen, 2020) for each product. It should be noted that this study does not include a comparative assessment. This study does not intend to compare the results for the three vegetable groups. Results and discussion: The damage costs were 0.16 €/kg for whole fresh vegetables, 0.37 €/kg for fresh-cut vegetables and 0.41 €/kg for pre-cooked vegetables. The agricultural production stage contributed most to these total damage costs due to the impact produced on land use and global warming in midpoint categories and human health and ecosystems in endpoint categories. In addition, the damage cost due to fossil resource scarcity (midpoint) and resource scarcity (endpoint) was mainly caused by the plastic packaging of fresh-cut and pre-cooked vegetables. The total cost was 1.02 €/kg for whole fresh vegetables, 2.99 €/kg for fresh-cut vegetables, and 3.43 €/kg for pre-cooked vegetables. Conclusions: These results suggest that some efforts should be made to reduce both environmental impacts and damage costs. For instance, to improve agricultural production, special attention should be paid to fertilisation and water consumption. Additionally, new packaging options should be explored as well as the inclusion of renewable sources in the electricity grid, and finally, on transporting the finished products to the market, by using trucks that run on cleaner fuels.

The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) provides a framework for the collation of a set of consistent, multi-sector, multi-scale climate-impact simulations, based on scientifically and politically-relevant historical and future scenarios. This framework serves as a basis for robust projections of climate impacts, as well as facilitating model evaluation and improvement, allowing for improved estimates of the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of climate change at different levels of global warming. It also provides a unique opportunity to consider interactions between climate change impacts across sectors.null nullISIMIP2a is the second ISIMIP simulation round, focusing on historical simulations (1971-2010 approx.) of climate impacts on agriculture, fisheries, permafrost, biomes, regional and global water and forests. This may serve as a basis for model evaluation and improvement, allowing for improved estimates of the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of climate change at different levels of global warming.null nullThe focus topic for ISIMIP2a is model evaluation and validation, in particular with respect to the representation of impacts of extreme weather events and climate variability. During this phase, four common global observational climate data sets were provided across all impact models and sectors. In addition, appropriate observational data sets of impacts for each sector were collected, against which the models can be benchmarked. Access to the input data for the impact models is provided through a central ISIMIP archive (see https://www.isimip.org/gettingstarted/#input-data-bias-correction).null nullThis entry refers to the ISIMIP2a simulation data from global hydrology models: CLM4, DBH, H08, JULES_W1, JULES_B1, LPJmL, MATSIRO, MPI-HM, ORCHIDEE, PCR-GLOBWB, SWBM, VIC, WaterGAP2. | The ISIMIP2a water (global) outputs are based on simulations from 13 global hydrology models (see listing) according to the ISIMIP2a protocol (https://www.isimip.org/protocol/#isimip2a). The models simulate hydrological processes and dynamics (part of the models also considering human water abstractions and reservoir regulation) based on climate and physio-geographical information. A more detailed description of the models and model-specific amendments of the protocol are available here: https://www.isimip.org/impactmodels/.

Auxiliary data related to crop management and data of different crop yields in mandarin monoculture and mandarin diversified treatments during three crop cycles in case study 02 from Diverfarming project.

Intermittent water supply systems are prone to air entrapments during the pipe-filling phase. This work aims to analyse and discuss the numerical results obtained by applying the recently developed AirSWMM model, an extension of SWMM incorporating air phase, to a laboratory network. Experimental data consisting of pressure-head at multiple locations and video recordings of air entrapments are collected in a single loop network with a high point, for different pipe-filling conditions, system layouts and node elevations. Experimental tests have shown that the air entrapment occurred not only at the high point but also throughout the pipe network, creating air pockets with elongated shapes and larger volumes than for single pipes. AirSWWM model with air-entrapment formation, growth and transport is tested inthe pipe network, and results are compared with measurements. AirSWWM model can correctly locate large air pockets but underestimates their volume.

Soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and N2O) data and metadata of an almond crop diversified with Thymus hyemalis (diversification 1) and with Capparis spinosa (diversification 2). This data comes from WP5 "Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification", derived from H2020 Diverfarming project. This workpackage has been designed to provide sound and robust scientific understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of the tailored diversified cropping systems for improvement of the environmental quality and delivery of ecosystem services in each pedoclimatic region. http://www.diverfarming.eu

This research provides a first assessment of the location of air pockets in a case study from the literature by using the developed AirSWMM. A pressure-driven analysis is implemented in the source code of AirSWMM(v2.0) to better simulate the nodal demand since this feature was not originally included in SWMM. Pressure-head results for different spatial discretisations are compared with collected field data to assess the best compromise between spatial discretisation and the results’ accuracy. The recommendations from international guidelines for the location of air release devices are compared to the predicted air pocket locations to assess if the numerical estimates are in agreement with the empirical evidence.

Data set associated with the published article entitled: Underlying Causes of Long-Term Environmental Pollution by Waste from an Abandoned Metal Mining District: When Legislative and Remediation Measures Are Ineffective

Datasets with all properties measured during three crop cycles of an experiment developed to assess the efficiency of intercropping between broccoli and fava bean to enhance crop productivity, soil health and carbon sequestration and storage and reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions and the use of external inputs. We compared a broccoli monocrop (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck), a fava bean monocrop (Vicia faba L.) and different broccoli-fava bean intercropping systems in three winter crop cycles: 2018/2019, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. The intercropping systems were: i) mixed intercropping (alternation within the same row of broccoli and fava bean plants), row intercropping 1:1 (combination of alternate rows of broccoli - fava bean) and row intercropping 2:1 (combination of two rows of the broccoli crop and one row of fava bean)., This research was funded by the Project AsociaHortus granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2017-83975-R). M. Marcos-Pérez acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the "Ayudas para contratos predoctorales para la formación de doctores 2018" Program [PRE2018-085702].