Resultados de investigación

Since the publication of the Alternative Model on Personality Disders in Section III DSM-5, literature has widely focused on providing validity evidence for the 25 facets defined in Criterion B. More recently, scientific attention has shifted towards Criterion A, with a considerable set of mixed results both supporting and disagreeing the operational definition of the model. The present study aims to provide additional evidence on the structural and relational differentiation of self and interpersonal dimensions of personality functioning using a quick screener, the Level of Personality Functioning Scale – Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0), in a community and clinical mixed sample. 1074 participants (717 community adults and 357 patients) completed the LPFS-BF 2.0, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form and the Questionnaire for the World Health Organization Disability Assessment. The internal structure of LPFS 2.0 was assessed through a series of Confirmatory Factor Analyses and bifactor modeling was applied to assess the dimensionality. Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling was used to explore the joint structure of functioning and maladaptive traits. Multiple linear regressions, controlling for age and sex, were employed to evaluate the predictive validity of LPFS scales in explaining functional impairment. Our results clearly support a two-factor structure of criterion A (self and interpersonal functioning) when measured with LPFS-BF 2.0. Results also displayed clear differences between the personality functioning factors, with the self-functioning factor more closely linked to facets of the negative affect domains and the interpersonal-functioning factor linked to several antagonistic personality traits. Moreover, our results suggested a relevant role of self-functioning in the explanation of the functional impairment along and beyond personality facets. These results lead to consider the LPFS-BF 2.0 a useful tool for clinical routine monitoring self and interpersonal personality functioning.

Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been shown to be useful for reducing excessive alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. However, research on the explanatory factors of PBS is limited. This paper prospectively examines the contribution of perceived effi cacy of PBS in reducing alcohol-related consequences and perceived descriptive norms of close peers´ PBS use in young adults. The mediating role of perceived effi cacy of PBS between descriptive norms of PBS use and personal PBS use is also examined. Method: Targeted sampling was used to recruit a community-based sample of 339 young Spanish adults aged 18-25 years, who completed baseline and two-month follow-up questionnaires. Three types of PBS (serious harm reduction-SHR, manner of drinking-MOD, and stopping/limiting drinking-SLD) were measured. Results: Both perceived effi cacy and descriptive norms at baseline were positively associated with personal PBS use (SHR, MOD and SLD) at follow-up. A partial mediation effect of perceived effi cacy between descriptive norms and personal PBS use was found for the three PBS subscales. Conclusions: Our fi ndings support the usefulness of correcting misperceptions of PBS use by peers in interventions aimed at reducing excessive drinking and alcohol-related consequences in young adults in the community. Moreover, PBS perceived effi cacy should be included as a component of these interventions

With the aim of overcoming the drawbacks involved in PCM encapsulation and taking into account the potential of beeswax as bio-PCM, the main objective of this work is to develop novel energy-efficient roofing materials for building applications by its direct inclusion. These materials are formulated with bitumen (B), styrene butadiene styrene copolymer (SBS) and beeswax (BW) as bio-based phase change material. To that end, the effects of possible interactions between B compounds and BW on thermal storage capacity and technological characterization were firstly evaluated on binary B/BW blends. Afterwards, leakage tests conducted on ternary B/SBS/BW blends revealed that form-stable materials (with no BW leakage) can be manufactured with a maximum BW concentration of 30 wt%. Thus, the prototype roofing material composed of 61.6 wt% B, 8.4 wt% SBS and 30 wt% BW shows excellent thermal stability (no weight loss up to ca. 200 °C) and meets the technological requirements specified by ASTM D8051 for wax-modified asphaltic roofing products. In addition, the selected roofing material displays high thermal storage capacity (ca. 50 J/g) for a long period of time (at least, for 300 heating/cooling cycles), which is reflected in the results derived from the indoor thermoregulation tests conducted in a climatic chamber. Interestingly, the tests conducted on a reduced-scale isolate room indicated a percentage reduction in the heat needed to be removed from the room of 9.3 % when comparing the prototype roofing material with the commercial SBS bituminous binder.

A prospective methodology aimed to develop totally sustainable oleogels with potential application in lubrication is reported. Oleogels were prepared with cellulose nanofibrils from elm pulps in castor oil. Even at a concentration as low as 1.4 wt%, the oleogels showed rheological behaviors similar to a traditional lithium grease used as reference. In that sense, the high thickening power of cellulose nanofibers was remarked. Never-dried bleached and unbleached elm pulps were mechanically treated with PFI mill refiner and microfluidizer. Moreover, as an alternative way of producing cellulose nanofibrils, the never-dried bleached elm pulp was chemically oxidized using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). The three types of nanofibers were characterized and used in the production of oleogels. The great challenge was to remove the high amount of water retained by the nanofibrils during the nanofibrillation treatment before it was ncorporated into the vegetable oil-based lubricant. Alternative strategies such as liophilization or drying failed because the nanofibers, with very high specific surface and strong capacity to interact among them by hydrogen bonding, underwent severe aggregation. Instead, the proposed methanol-based solvent exchange method enabled the transfer of the cellulose nanofibrils from the origin hydrogel to the vegetable oil with no detriment of both their aspect ratio and thickening capacity. Chemical considerations are provided with regard to such a solvent-mediated method, which yielded homogeneous and storage-stable oleogels. This work may attract the interest of lubricant manufacturers. to produce nanocellulose-based eco-lubricating greases for industrial application

This dataset reports the step‐by‐step preparation of sustainable oleogels based on commercial dry cellulose nanofibers in castor oil. Hydrogels were prepared prior to the oleogel formation for the sake of optimal dispersion and integration of the fibers into the oil. A methanol‐mediated solvent‐exchange method was used to transfer the nanofibers from hydrogel to oil. A set of 9 oleogels were studied under varying preparation routes, pH, methanol wash conditions and concentration. Linear viscoelastic moduli of selected oleogels were measured at 30 ºC. Visual inspection of the fibers dispersion at several stages of the process is included.

El deterioro ambiental de nuestro planeta es cada vez más evidente y sus efectos afectan directamente al entorno en el que vivimos. Una estrategia clave para abordar esta situación es la integración de la educación ambiental en la escuela, con el fin de fomentar en el alumnado una actitud responsable hacia el medio ambiente y contribuir así a la sostenibilidad del planeta en el futuro. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la actitud ambiental del alumnado de cuarto, quinto y sexto de educación primaria en dos centros educativos con características diferenciadas: uno perteneciente a la red andaluza de Ecoescuelas y otro que no forma parte de ella. Para la recogida de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario basado en una escala Likert de cuatro puntos, diseñado para medir el grado de acuerdo del alumnado con diversas afirmaciones relacionadas con su actitud ambiental. Además, se realizó una entrevista a los directores de ambos centros, cuyo análisis se llevó a cabo mediante una tabla de categorías previamente elaborada. Los resultados obtenidos revelan diferencias significativas en la actitud ambiental del alumnado de ambos centros, siendo más positiva y marcada en el Centro Ecoescuela. Asimismo, estas diferencias también se reflejan en la forma en que cada centro aborda la educación ambiental, así como en el uso y aplicación de los recursos disponibles para su enseñanza. En conclusión, los hallazgos de esta investigación sugieren que el modelo de Ecoescuela favorece una educación ambiental más efectiva, promoviendo actitudes y prácticas sostenibles que pueden contribuir a la preservación del planeta.