Resultados de investigación

Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide reliability and validity evidence of the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) scores on different versions and scoring procedures in a Spanish substance use disorder (SUD) sample. Method: The sample was made up of 170 outpatients diagnosed with SUD. The ASRS, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Substance Dependence Severity Scale were administered. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed adequate fit to the structure proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) in the 18-item version. On the screening scale, best fit was found for a model with two correlated factors (inattention and hyperactivity). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that the ADHD items converge and are differentiated from symptoms of withdrawal. The regression analyses showed that severity of dependence is explained by the ASRS scores. Conclusion: Both versions of the ASRS showed adequate psychometric properties. The polytomous or dichotomous score is relevant in patient classification.

Este documento recoge el cuestionario utilizado en el marco del artículo de investigación, administrado a las personas usuarias de los servicios sociales con el objetivo de conocer las capacidades y habilidades de las personas usuarias de Servicios Sociales para acceder a los mismos utilizando las tecnologías en Andalucía. Los datos de este cuestionario están anonimizado y el tratamiento y análisis de los datos cumple con la LOPD.

The objective of this paper is to manufacture bituminous roofing materials by the direct inclusion of a bio‐based phase change material (PCM) for potential use in passive building thermal regulation. The ability of the selected prototype to regulate the indoor temperature was evaluated by its integration as a roofing element into a small test‐box and subjecting it to a simulated solar irradiation. Interestingly, to maintain the indoor air of the test‐box at the comfort temperature of 22ºC, the peak indoor air temperature and the cooling‐load reduction based on indoor‐air temperature integration decreased by 1.23 ± 0.18ºC and 15.1 ± 0.82 %, respectively, when compared to the commercial polymer/bituminous binder.

Sustainable lubricating oleogels were obtained based on elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) pulp cellulose nanofibers in castor oil. Before their nanofibrillation, two samples of the same bleached pulp were subjected to two different pre-treatments, either mechanical PFI (Paper and Fibre Research Institute) refining or chemical TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Their effect on the oleogels’ viscous flow and oscillatory shear behaviors was determined at different temperatures. Very pronounced differences were observed between these oleogels. The oleogel from the chemically-pretreated nanofibers showed evidences of being much more sensitive to both temperature and large shear deformations. Hence, its shear modulus underwent a very remarkable decay of 95.8% when subjected to a non-linear stress value of 100 Pa for 30 min. In turn, under the same conditions, a decay of only 41.4% was observed for the oleogel based on the nanofiber from the mechanically-pretreated nanofibers.

Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have shown utility in reducing alcohol-related negative consequences. The Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (PBSS) is one of the most widely used and well-validated instruments for evaluating these strategies. However, a Spanish adaptation of this or any other measure of PBS is not available. We aimed to provide a Spanish version of PBSS-20 and examine its psychometric properties. Method: We recruited 538 undergraduate students from three Spanish universities (mean age = 21.2; females = 78%). Measures included the Spanish-PBSS-20 (S-PBSS-20), Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ), Daily Drinking Questionnaire, and frequency of alcohol use, drunkenness, and binge drinking. Results: Our results support the use of the original 3-factor structure of the PBSS-20. Internal consistency reliability ranged between 0.71-0.77, and evidence of validity was provided according to the expected relationships with other variables. Exploratory factor analyses provided evidence of convergent/discriminant validity of S-PBSS-20. Conclusions: The results suggest that PBSS-20 is a useful instrument for assessing protective behavioral strategies in alcohol users. The S-PBSS-20 could be useful for research on alcoholrelated protective behavioral strategies and consequences, and could also inform the design of educational interventions for promoting the use of protective strategies and reducing alcohol-related negative consequences.

The acceptance or rejection of classmates is one of the most widely recognized determinants of wellbeing in childhood. This study analyses psychosocial adjustment and sociometric status in primary education pupils, and possible differences by gender. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Huelva (Spain). The surveyed schools were selected using a stratified random sampling technique with both public and private elementary schools. Sample was composed of 247 4th grade students. Data revealed gender differences in psychosocial adjustment, particularly in terms of prosocial behavior in girls and behavioral problems in boys. Popular and rejected statuses presented opposing adjustment profiles, particularly in hyperactive symptoms and behavioral problems. When the sample was separated by gender, the differences between the types of status in emotional symptomatology and prosocial behavior disappeared. In addition, the differences between statuses were greater in boys, and were defined mainly by hyperactivity, whilst for girls these differences were more apparent in behavioral problems.

Introduction. Down syndrome is associated with muscular hypotonia and feeding problems. The aim was to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity in people with Down syndrome and how postural alterations during mastication influenced their body composition, food intake and consumption. Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study with 48 participants (8-45 years). Results. 35.4% were obese and/or overweight; those with postural alterations had a lower BMI (p=0.022) and a lower percentage of body fat (p=0.005). There were significant differences in saturated fat intake (p=0.008), with 22.9% excessive intake among those without postural alterations. There was also an excessive intake of group B vitamins and of vitamins C and K. In contrast, vitamins E and D were consumed below the recommended intake. P, Fe and Cu were consumed in excess by more than 50% of the sample. Conclusions. Continue studying masticatory posture to improve food handling and dietary diversity.

Health measures instantiated to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have imposed significant constraints for the population and impacted on drinking habits and mental health. This study longitudinally compared changes in alcohol consumption before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and the impact of sociodemographic and mental health variables on such changes among a community sample of young adults. Data were collected in the context of a larger, ongoing longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 305 young adults from Spain aged between 18 and 26 years (mean age = 21.27, (SD = 2.21), female = 53.4%; college students = 61.6%) who completed first (November-2019 and February-2020; i.e., before the outbreak of COVID-19) and second follow-up questionnaires (March 2021, a year after the COVID-19 outbreak). Alcohol use (quantity and drinking frequency), depression and anxiety symptoms were measured. Quantity and frequency of alcohol use decreased from the preto post-COVID-19 period. A decrease in drinking frequency was observed among college students, but not in noncollege peers. Although we found no effect of pre-COVID-19 anxiety on alcohol use changes, those with more depressive symptoms at the pre-COVID assessment were more resistant to decreasing their drinking quantity and frequency after the COVID-19 outbreak. This information will be of value when designing interventions aimed at reducing harmful alcohol use and highlights the role of mental health status when identifying high risk populations of young-adults during this, and future, public health crises

Este material suplementario acompaña a la tesis doctoral "Modelización hidrogeoquímica para la gestión de la contaminación y restauración de la cuenca del río Odiel". Los datos corresponden a campañas de muestreo hidrogeoquímico realizadas en la cuenca del río Odiel (Faja Pirítica Ibérica, SO de España), incluyendo series temporales y espaciales de parámetros fisicoquímicos y concentraciones de metales y sulfatos en aguas afectadas por drenaje ácido de mina (AMD). El conjunto de datos se empleó para cuantificar cargas contaminantes, identificar las principales fuentes de contaminación, evaluar el riesgo de acidificación del futuro embalse de Alcolea y desarrollar y validar modelos geoquímicos para la simulación de escenarios de restauración y de los efectos de eventos extremos asociados al cambio climático. La documentación incluye una base de datos organizada en tres hojas de cálculo, cada una de ellas vinculada a uno de los capítulos principales de la tesis. Las hojas de datos recopilan la información empleada en los análisis hidrogeoquímicos y en los procesos de modelización desarrollados a lo largo de la investigación. Su estructura facilita la trazabilidad de los resultados presentados, así como la reproducibilidad de los procedimientos metodológicos aplicados. Este conjunto de datos constituye un recurso de apoyo para la interpretación de los resultados y para futuras investigaciones relacionadas con la gestión, restauración y evaluación ambiental de la cuenca del Río