Resultados de investigación

During the COVID-19 pandemic, airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via respiratory aerosols was a critical concern in indoor environments. In the city of Santander, Spain, an outbreak in a multi-family residential building during a period of low community transmission revealed vertical clustering of 15 cases in four homes. The building’s design included single interior bathrooms without windows in each home, ventilated by a shared vertical bathroom duct system. Field measurements, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and multi-zone airflow modeling were performed to evaluate vertical disease transmission potential in the Santander building. Epidemiological and genetic data combined with the field-collected data and modeling indicated that the most plausible transmission route was the bathroom vertical ventilation duct system, which facilitated movement of infectious aerosol between vertically connected homes. Additionally, operating the kitchen exhaust fan can augment the movement of aerosols between occupied spaces increasing the potential for infection. Recommendations for mitigating future risks include the installation of forced air exhaust fans with non-return flaps in bathroom ducts., Peer reviewed

During the COVID-19 pandemic, airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via respiratory aerosols was a critical concern in indoor environments. In the city of Santander, Spain, an outbreak in a multi-family residential building during a period of low community transmission revealed vertical clustering of 15 cases in four homes. The building’s design included single interior bathrooms without windows in each home, ventilated by a shared vertical bathroom duct system. Field measurements, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and multi-zone airflow modeling were performed to evaluate vertical disease transmission potential in the Santander building. Epidemiological and genetic data combined with the field-collected data and modeling indicated that the most plausible transmission route was the bathroom vertical ventilation duct system, which facilitated movement of infectious aerosol between vertically connected homes. Additionally, operating the kitchen exhaust fan can augment the movement of aerosols between occupied spaces increasing the potential for infection. Recommendations for mitigating future risks include the installation of forced air exhaust fans with non-return flaps in bathroom ducts., Peer reviewed

The current range of African great apes includes countries with some of the world’s highest incidence rates of human tuberculosis (TB). Non-human primates (NHPs) living in their natural habitats are expected to be free of TB. However, TB represents a known threat to captive NHP communities. We applied a noninvasive sponge-based environmental DNA (eDNA) collection protocol to run a cross-sectional survey at the human-animal interface in a challenging setting: the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study sites included a primate rehabilitation center, the local health area, and a nearby national park with critically endangered Eastern Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri). Sponge samples were tested for two PCR targets, IS6110 and mpb70. Positive samples were further characterized by spoligotyping, species identification and detection of molecular resistance against rifampicin and isoniacid. We detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis eDNA in 45 of 172 samples (26%) from all three sites including samples linked to humans, wild gorillas and captive NHPs. The spoligotype could be identified in 14 cases. Spoligotype SIT130 was detected in all sites including human and gorilla environment samples. No molecular resistance patterns were found. These findings are strongly suggestive of epidemiological links between human and NHP TB in equatorial Africa., Peer reviewed

Supplementary Report: Pre-trial assessment of ASFV vaccine virus genome detection from environmental sponge samples, including Supplementary Figure S1; Supplementary Table S1 (Viral genome copies per ml of fluid detected during non-invasive sampling of pens ((collective feces, trough swabs, cotton ropes)., Peer reviewed

This folder contains evaluated data in the study “Poroelastic effects on the nucleation process of dynamic fault rupture during fluid injection". The data were generated with the custom code that is also included in this folder., [File Descriptions] 1. DynamicRuptureCode_for_DataGeneration.nb The custom code used to generate the data under various conditions. Change conditions for user purposes to generate data. 2. DynamicRupture_CaseStudy_GaragashProblem_GG2012_Postprocess.nb The custom code used to make the plot of Figure S1. 3. DynamicRupture_InjectionIntoFaultZone_ConstantRate_Postprocess_202505.nb The custom code used to make the plots of other Figures presented in the paper and the supporting information. 4. Data/Benchmark_GG12 This subfolder contains the data evaluted for the benchmark case and the data extracted from Garagash and Germanovich (2012). 5. Data/CrackEvolution_4cases_202305 This subfolder contains the data evaluted for the main case study., The dataset used for the publication titled "Poroelastic effects on the nucleation process of dynamic fault rupture during fluid injection"., Peer reviewed

This supplementary material is hosted by Eurosurveillance as supporting information alongside the article “Predicting West Nile Virus Circulation: A 20-Year (2003-2022) Spatiotemporal Study in Humans and Animals in Spain”, on behalf of the authors, who remain responsible for the accuracy and appropriateness of the content. The same standards for ethics, copyright, attributions and permissions as for the article apply. Supplements are not edited by Eurosurveillance and the journal is not responsible for the maintenance of any links or email addresses provided therein., No

This dataset contains 16S rRNA gene sequencing data (V3–V4 region) obtained from choanal swabs of Ross 308 broiler chickens experimentally infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N1) under biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) containment at IRTA-CReSA (Barcelona, Spain). This data was used for the validation of machine learning models in our work, "Respiratory Microbiota Maturation Enables Machine Learning Based Age Prediction in Chickens". Samples were collected from infected and non-infected control chickens at multiple days post-inoculation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dpi) to assess respiratory microbiota dynamics during infection. All procedures were approved by the institutional animal ethics committee and conducted under strict biocontainment and biosecurity regulations (BSL-3)., No

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Model calibration and interpretability of the selected classifier. Classification reliability was assessed using a) Windowed Calibration Curves and b) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, evaluating the agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes., Additional file 2: Table S1. List of publicly available online resources and software packages that served as the methodological basis for each step of the analysis performed in this study., Additional file 3: Table S2. Microbial taxa identified via RFE across LOSO iterations. Features were retained in the consensus signature only if they persisted in at least 70% of the independent iterations to ensure cross-study stability., Additional file 4: Table S3. Performance metrics for machine learning architectures evaluated on the Consensus Core. Results were obtained via 10-fold stratified cross-validation and are presented as the mean ± standard error., Additional file 5. Trained Random Forest model for chicken age classification. The model is provided in .rds format., Additional file 6. R script to run Random Forest trained model predictions., No

Sexual selection on males is expected to reduce genetic diversity via paternal inheritance because increased variance in male reproductive success lowers the male effective population size. It is plausible that sexual selection on males also affects genetic diversity via maternal inheritance, for example due to demographic processes. However, associations between sexual selection and maternally-inherited genetic diversity were never tested for. Here, taking advantage of the fact that mitochondria are maternally-inherited, we compare the diversity of two widely studied mitochondrial genes across 262 species of non-flying terrestrial mammals, for which male-biased sexual dimorphism is a good indicator of the intensity of sexual selection on males. We found that species with stronger male-biased dimorphism have lower mitochondrial diversity, after controlling for confounding effects. A plausible explanation for this result is that sexual selection on males can reduce female effective population size, giving rise to the change of allelic diversity in these mitochondrial genes. Our result thus suggests broader associations of sexual selection with demography and population genetic structure than previously recognized., Peer reviewed

Este dataset constituye una fuente de información relevante para investigaciones en ciencias sociales, opinión pública, sociología política y estudios electorales, ya que permite examinar tendencias de percepción social y comportamiento político en Andalucía. Además, el Barómetro de Opinión Pública de Andalucía se viene realizando de manera periódica por el Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC) desde 1996, lo que permite disponer de una serie histórica y temporal para analizar la evolución de las opiniones, actitudes y percepciones de la ciudadanía andaluza a lo largo del tiempo., This dataset constitutes a valuable source of information for research in the fields of social sciences, public opinion, political sociology, and electoral studies, as it allows the examination of trends in social perceptions and political behaviour in Andalusia. Furthermore, the Andalusian Public Opinion Barometer has been conducted periodically by the Institute for Advanced Social Studies (IESA-CSIC) since 1996, providing a historical time series that makes it possible to analyse the evolution of citizens’ opinions, attitudes, and perceptions in Andalusia over time., El objetivo del Barómetro de Opinión Pública de Andalucía (BOPA) es analizar las percepciones, actitudes y valoraciones de la ciudadanía andaluza sobre distintos aspectos de la realidad social, política y económica de Andalucía. Entre los temas abordados se encuentran la situación general de la comunidad autónoma, la evolución de la economía, la valoración de los gobiernos andaluz y español, el estado de los servicios públicos, especialmente la educación y la sanidad, así como la cultura política y el comportamiento electoral de la población con derecho a voto. El estudio se basa en una encuesta realizada a 3.706 ciudadanos andaluces mayores de edad con derecho a sufragio, cuyo trabajo de campo se desarrolló del 6 al 28 de noviembre de 2006. Los resultados ofrecen una visión detallada de las principales preocupaciones sociales de la población andaluza en ese momento, destacando cuestiones como el desempleo, la crisis económica y la valoración de la gestión política e institucional. Asimismo, el barómetro incorpora información segmentada por variables sociodemográficas como edad, sexo, nivel educativo, clase social o recuerdo de voto, permitiendo un análisis comparativo de las opiniones ciudadanas., The objective of the Andalusian Public Opinion Barometer (BOPA) is to analyse the perceptions, attitudes, and evaluations of Andalusian citizens regarding various aspects of the social, political, and economic reality of Andalusia. The topics covered include the overall situation of the Autonomous Community, economic developments, assessments of the Andalusian and Spanish governments, the state of public services—particularly education and healthcare—as well as political culture and the electoral behaviour of the voting-age population. The study is based on a survey of 3,706 Andalusian citizens of legal age with the right to vote, whose fieldwork was carried out from November 6 to 28, 2006. The results provide a detailed overview of the main social concerns of the Andalusian population at that time, highlighting issues such as unemployment, the economic crisis, and evaluations of political and institutional performance. The barometer also includes information disaggregated by sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, educational attainment, social class, and recalled vote, enabling comparative analyses of citizens’ opinions., Peer reviewed