Resultados de investigación

Detailed experimental section and characterization, including PXRD diffractograms, FTIR, NMR, N2 and CH4 adsorption, and gas separation tests, Helium is an essential yet finite resource with critical applications in medical imaging and semiconductor manufacturing, whose production currently relies almost exclusively on energy-intensive cryogenic separation of trace helium from natural gas. Membrane-based separations offer an attractive alternative, but existing materials lack the selectivity required for industrial deployment. Here, we introduce a strategy for pore microenvironment programming in multivariate zeolitic imidazolate framework (MTV-ZIF) membranes, enabling ultraselective helium recovery under realistic feed gas conditions. By precisely combining Zn2+, 2-methylimidazole, and halogen-substituted benzimidazole linkers, we create synergistic combinations of steric constraints and enhanced CH4–framework interactions, which collectively suppress CH4 transport while preserving rapid He permeation. Under simulated industrial feed conditions (0.6% He/99.4% CH4 by volume), the best-performing membrane delivered a record He/CH4 selectivity of 3174, with stable operation over 960 h. Process simulations further show that a two-stage membrane cascade can deliver >99.95% He purity with an 83% reduction in energy demand compared to cryogenic distillation. These results highlight multivariate pore programming in MOFs as a powerful platform for efficient, low-energy He recovery from natural gas., Peer reviewed

Occurrence data can be found in two public repositories. - Canary Island Occurrence data was obtained from the Biodiversity data bank of the Canary Islands (BIOTA, Gobierno de Canarias, 2023), and can be retrieved from https://www.biodiversidadcanarias.es/biota/analisis/mapas/ - Native-range (non-canarian) data was obtained from GBIF (2023) and can be retrieved from:10.15468/dl.hpusgs 10.15468/dl.rfxudz 10.15468/dl.yfmksy 10.15468/dl.a4p45b 10.15468/dl.p7kfcm 10.15468/dl.v9hx6n, Peer reviewed

Supplementary material with details about our linear-response calculations, the tight-binding models, dependence of the SOT for interlayer hybridization, details about our magnetization dynamcis simulations and discussion about the spin and orbital density induced on the ferromagnet., Peer reviewed

Supplementary Figures and Tables., Peer reviewed

Endemism, a hallmark of island biodiversity, reaches its lowest levels among bryophytes compared with other land plants. Whether this pattern reflects low diversification rates, and why, or loss of endemicity due to extinctions or subsequent continental (back) colonisation, is examined here through a review and meta-analysis of available evidence in the Macaronesian flora. A significant genetic differentiation (Gst) was consistently found between Macaronesian and continental populations, ruling-out the hypothesis that intense migrations necessarily hamper differentiation. A significant phylogeographical signal in the data (Nst>Gst) was further found in more than 1/3 of the species investigated, involving that mutation rates are higher than dispersal rates and evidencing incipient speciation. The significantly higher average NST between extra-European regions and Macaronesia compared to Europe and Macaronesia suggests, however, that incipient speciation is more likely to occur between distant (Macaronesian vs extra-European populations) than closer (Macaronesian vs European) populations. In line with this, ancestral area estimations in Macaronesian endemic bryophyte species reveal that at least 50% of them have an extra-European origin, in contrast with the almost exclusively (>90%) European/Mediterranean origin of Macaronesian endemic spermatophytes. Allopatric speciation via long-distance dispersal and subsequent divergence of a single endemic species prevails in island bryophytes, wherein sympatric radiations virtually never occur. Such a speciation mode does not trigger high rates of endemism, in contrast to radiations in Macaronesian spermatophytes, which contribute to 56% of the total number of endemics. Several mechanisms may explain the failure of island bryophytes to diversify in situ, including the fact that oceanic islands are too small or insufficiently isolated from each other or from continents to promote sympatric speciation, the lack of key innovations, and phylogenetic niche conservatism for stable habitats not prone to trigger radiations. By comparisons with spermatophytes, continental (back-)colonisation further largely prevails in bryophytes and, unlike in many instances in angiosperms, is not followed by in situ speciation on the mainland. The consequent loss of the endemic status of species that did speciate on islands, but subsequently enlarged their range, further accounts for the low rates of endemism among island bryophyte floras and invalidates the use of endemism rates as a proxy of speciation rates in the group., Peer reviewed

Endemism, a hallmark of island biodiversity, reaches its lowest levels among bryophytes compared with other land plants. Whether this pattern reflects low diversification rates, and why, or loss of endemicity due to extinctions or subsequent continental (back) colonisation, is examined here through a review and meta-analysis of available evidence in the Macaronesian flora. A significant genetic differentiation (Gst) was consistently found between Macaronesian and continental populations, ruling-out the hypothesis that intense migrations necessarily hamper differentiation. A significant phylogeographical signal in the data (Nst>Gst) was further found in more than 1/3 of the species investigated, involving that mutation rates are higher than dispersal rates and evidencing incipient speciation. The significantly higher average NST between extra-European regions and Macaronesia compared to Europe and Macaronesia suggests, however, that incipient speciation is more likely to occur between distant (Macaronesian vs extra-European populations) than closer (Macaronesian vs European) populations. In line with this, ancestral area estimations in Macaronesian endemic bryophyte species reveal that at least 50% of them have an extra-European origin, in contrast with the almost exclusively (>90%) European/Mediterranean origin of Macaronesian endemic spermatophytes. Allopatric speciation via long-distance dispersal and subsequent divergence of a single endemic species prevails in island bryophytes, wherein sympatric radiations virtually never occur. Such a speciation mode does not trigger high rates of endemism, in contrast to radiations in Macaronesian spermatophytes, which contribute to 56% of the total number of endemics. Several mechanisms may explain the failure of island bryophytes to diversify in situ, including the fact that oceanic islands are too small or insufficiently isolated from each other or from continents to promote sympatric speciation, the lack of key innovations, and phylogenetic niche conservatism for stable habitats not prone to trigger radiations. By comparisons with spermatophytes, continental (back-)colonisation further largely prevails in bryophytes and, unlike in many instances in angiosperms, is not followed by in situ speciation on the mainland. The consequent loss of the endemic status of species that did speciate on islands, but subsequently enlarged their range, further accounts for the low rates of endemism among island bryophyte floras and invalidates the use of endemism rates as a proxy of speciation rates in the group., Peer reviewed

To examine how undergraduate physics students use AI tools in their academic work, we conducted a two-phase sequential mixed methods study. The first phase (quantitative) involved a questionnaire analyzed via cluster analysis to identify user profiles. In the second phase (qualitative), a focus group provided deeper insight into students’ motivations, usage contexts, tasks, and attitudes toward AI. This qualitative follow-up aimed to clarify and enrich the interpretation of the quantitative findings. This research has been performed as part of a collaboration between two faculties of the the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)., This dataset comprises three main components, collected during the 2024-2025 academic year: (1) Questionnaire Responses: Contains the responses from 172 undergraduate Physics students to a questionnaire designed to explore their use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools; (2) Codebook for the questionnaire responses, providing a meticulous description for each variable within the questionnaire dataset; and (2) Focus Group Transcript: Includes the complete transcript of a focus group conducted with 10 selected students to delve deeper into their perceptions regarding the use of AI. -- The participants are undergraduate Physics students enrolled in various courses (from 1st to 4th year). -- As for the methods, the questionnaire was distributed through the campus virtual of the Physics degree. A convenience sampling method was employed, as participation was voluntary. Afterwards, ten undergraduate students were selected from the questionnaire respondents for a subsequent focus group. The selection aimed to achieve a good representation across different academic years and genders. -- These data have been primarily used to study how undergraduate Physics students utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for academic purposes. This includes understanding their engagement with AI tools, their perceptions, and the specific academic contexts in which these tools are employed., Grant Agency: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Grant Number: Innovation and Teaching Quality Improvement Project REAFIA. -- Grant Agency: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Grant Number: PID2022-138166NB-C22b, Peer reviewed

Seasonal patterns in the reproductive and growth cycles of bryophytes are closely linked to their life strategy and reproductive ecology. These biological traits are influenced by environmental factors, with climatic conditions playing a crucial role in shaping species adaptation. Here, we investigated seasonal dynamics of sex expression, sex ratio variation, and sporophyte frequency in four bryophyte species (Exsertotheca intermedia, Frullania polysticta, Frullania teneriffae, Porella canariensis) across two oceanic islands (Madeira and Tenerife), and mainland Portugal (Sintra mountain). Sampling was conducted during two seasons, spring and autumn (2022). Our results revealed significant seasonal variation in sex expression for F. polysticta and P. canariensis, with higher sex expression in autumn. Sex ratios remained consistently female-biased for E. intermedia, F. polysticta, and P. canariensis across seasons, while F. teneriffae exhibited a female-biased ratio in spring and a balanced ratio in autumn. Although sporophyte frequency did not vary significantly across seasons, E. intermedia produced more sporophytes in spring, whereas P. canariensis did so in autumn. While limited to a single year, our findings highlight the intricate phenological patterns of bryophytes and emphasize the need for further research into the ecological drivers shaping these dynamics, particularly in oceanic island environments., A.M was funded by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) through the individual research grant 2020.06119.BD. J.P. was funded by Project PID2023-147122NB-I00 (DecodAdapt) from MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, EU, as well as by Project PCI2023-145966-2 (BiomonI) funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and co-funded by the European Union., Peer reviewed

Additional experimental details, protein and ligand input refinement procedures, supplementary figures, tables, and statistical analyses supporting the free energy calculationst., No

This are the scripts and datasets for the manuscript "Species traits modulate ecological release in island red devil spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae)" by Bellvert et al., Ecological release, defined as the expansion of range, habitat and/or resource usage by an organism following a reduction in competitors, is ubiquitous in oceanic islands. Species colonising recently formed islands, whose ancestors evolved in highly competitive environments, may experience relaxed selection because of reduced diversity of not only competitors, but also predators and parasites. Indeed, factors other than competition may also be involved in determining the species’ ability to expand their niche. Ecological specialization, for instance, has been frequently considered an irreversible change, preventing the reversal to more generalist states. Here, we integrate geometric morphometric methods, stable isotope analyses, and species distribution models using the spider genus Dysdera as a model organism to explore the implications of different cheliceral morphotypes related to different trophic adaptations on the species’ ability to undergo ecological release. Contrary to our expectations, species with morphotypes associated with a more specialized diet tend to expand their trophic niche, increase their spatial range, and modify their phenotype more similarly across the same area of morphospace when compared to generalist species. This outcome might be explained by their ability to feed on isopods, a prey typically rejected by most predators, along with other arthropods. This specialization may have been crucial in expanding their ecological niche compared to generalist species. Our study constitutes one of the first examples of using a multidisciplinary approach to better understand the effects of ecological release on colonizing species with supposed different trophic preferences., Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness: BES-2017-080538 Agencia Estatal de Investigación: RYC2019-026688-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness: CGL2012-36863 Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness: CGL2016-80651-P Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades: PID2019-105794GB-I00 Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain): 2021SGR689, File 1 : Data_morph.bin; File 2 Name: data_isotops.txt; File 3 Name: Data_sp_local.txt;, Peer reviewed