Resultados de investigación

Los hospitales y centros de atención sanitaria están experimentando una notable implantación de nuevos sistemas inteligentes basados en tecnologías radiantes para localización e identificación de material, instrumentación e incluso de pacientes

[EN] The PROPHET project (“PeRsOnalized Prevention roadmap for the future HEalThcare”), funded by the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program, aims to assess the effectiveness, clinical utility, key success factors, and gaps in personalised preventive approaches for healthcare settings. One of the main task focuses on biomarkers for personalised prevention in the general adult population and their integration with digital technologies. The objective of the task is to highlight gaps in biomarkers research for primary and secondary prevention for cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Three rapid scoping reviews were conducted in parallel by three research teams, one for each group of diseases: cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The reviews used a common protocol and framework for searching, data extraction and the representation of results, with disease specific corresponding information and specifications. The following evidence and gap map is a product of these scoping reviews. [ES] El proyecto PROPHET (“PeRsOnalized Prevention roadmap for the future HEalThcare”), financiado por el programa de investigación e innovación Horizonte Europa de la Unión Europea, tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia, la utilidad clínica, los factores clave de éxito y las lagunas en los enfoques preventivos personalizados para entornos sanitarios. Una de las principales tareas se centra en los biomarcadores para la prevención personalizada en la población adulta general y su integración con las tecnologías digitales. El objetivo de la tarea es resaltar las lagunas en la investigación de biomarcadores para la prevención primaria y secundaria del cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares y neurodegenerativas. Tres equipos de investigación llevaron a cabo en paralelo tres revisiones rápidas de alcance, una para cada grupo de enfermedades: cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares y neurodegenerativas. Las revisiones utilizaron un protocolo y un marco común para la búsqueda, la extracción de datos y la representación de los resultados, con la información y especificaciones correspondientes específicas de la enfermedad. La siguiente evidencia y mapa de brechas es producto de estas revisiones de alcance.

Background: Most people infected with Leishmania remain asymptomatic, which is a common element that may promote the resurgence of clinically evident leishmaniasis in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immune responses. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted assay to identify asymptomatic infection. This cross-sectional study focuses on the employment of three methods targeting different features of the parasitic infection to be used in combination for the screening of latent leishmaniasis in a newly endemic area of northeastern Italy. Methodology/Principle findings: The selected methods included highly sensitive Real-Time PCR for detection of parasitic kinetoplast (k)DNA in peripheral blood, Western Blot (WB) for detection of specific IgG, and Whole Blood stimulation Assay (WBA) to evaluate the anti-leishmanial T-cell response by quantifying the production of IL-2 after stimulation of patients’ blood with Leishmania specific antigens. Among 145 individuals, living in a municipality of the Bologna province, northeastern Italy, recruited and screened for Leishmania infection, 23 subjects tested positive (15.9%) to one or more tests. Positive serology was the most common marker of latent leishmaniasis (15/145, 10%), followed by the detection of specific cell-mediated response (12/145, 8%), while only few individuals (6/145, 4%) harbored parasitic DNA in the blood. Conclusions/Significance: Combining different tests substantially increased the yield of positivity in detecting latent Leishmania infection. The test combination that we employed in this study appears to be effective to accurately identify latent leishmaniasis in an endemic area.

Objective: The objective is to determine reported cases of co-creation methodology about the use of smart technologies in public spaces in order to create new forms of social interactions and practices, which in turn creates new socio-spatial relations and promotes interactions and communication between isolated and disperse communities. Methods: The literature published in the last 5 years (2016-2020) has been reviewed. Searches on Co-creation methodology and ICTs in Health and Biomedicine, on topics such as interaction among users, ICT and social behaviour, spatial analyses, planning methodologies and public involvement, on-line gaming, self‐learning, and the prevention of risky habbits are made manually. Results: Search strategies developed through electronic databases and manual search identified a total of 180 references, included in the supplementary material. They have been divided by the technologies used in the studies, co-creation methodology, and according to the type of socio-medical application. This research highlights the penetration of ICT in social and healthcare environments and clearly demonstrates the high number of publications that have come out over recent years and a lack of publications that evaluate co-creation methodology in this field. Conclusions: Most of the papers included only partially cover the subject matter of ICT in Health and Biomedicine and how to use smart technologies to transform public spaces in small communities into people-friendly human environments. The research carried out for this paper clearly demonstrates the high number of publications concerning technology assessment. However, there is a distinct lack of publications that evaluate co-creation methodology.

En este estudio, hemos utilizado una configuración disponible comercialmente validada que produce un campo uniforme para exponer embriones de pez cebra (ZFe) a frecuencias no moduladas de 700 y 3500 MHz. Hemos combinado una batería de ensayos de toxicidad, desarrollo y comportamiento para explorar más a fondo los posibles efectos de las radiaciones de radiofrecuencia (RFR). Nuestros perfiles neuroconductuales incluyen un ensayo de enrollamiento de la cola, un ensayo de actividad de luz/oscuridad, dos ensayos de ansiedad de tigmotaxis (estímulos auditivos y visuales) y una respuesta de sobresalto: ensayo de habituación en respuesta a estímulos auditivos. Se expusieron ZFe durante 1 y 4 h durante el período de desarrollo de la blástula y se evaluaron los puntos finales hasta 120 horas después de la fertilización (hpf). Nuestros resultados no muestran efectos sobre la mortalidad, la eclosión o la longitud corporal. Sin embargo, hemos demostrado efectos morfológicos de órganos específicos y efectos conductuales en la actividad, el comportamiento similar a la ansiedad y la habituación que perduraron en las larvas expuestas durante el período embrionario temprano. También se observó una disminución de la actividad de la acetilcolinesterasa, lo que podría explicar algunas de las alteraciones conductuales observadas. Curiosamente, los efectos fueron más pronunciados en ZFe expuesto a la frecuencia de 700 MHz, y especialmente durante el período de exposición de 4 h. Además, hemos demostrado que nuestra configuración de exposición es robusta, flexible con respecto a las pruebas de frecuencia y potencia, y altamente comparable. El trabajo futuro incluirá la exposición de ZFe a señales moduladas de 5G durante diferentes períodos de tiempo para comprender mejor los posibles efectos en la salud de la nueva RFR de 5G.

In order to estimate the nutrients intake from the food consumption module (Section 7B) of the Comoros 2018/2019 Harmonized Survey on Household Living Conditions, known as EHCVM by its French acronym (Enquête Harmoniser sur les Conditions de Vie de Ménage), each of the food items reported in that module is matched with a food item in the Food Composition Table (FCT) or Food Database (FDB) of choice, and nutrients composition are then compiled in what is called the nutrition conversion table (NCT).

Protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia are considered a serious threat to humans and animals worldwide. Babesia parasites are naturally transmitted by ticks and infect the erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs) of many vertebrates causing babesiosis. Infectious species include B. divergens, which causes asymptomatic to fatal babesiosis in humans and red water fever in cattle in Europe. To better understand the biology of B. divergens and to develop diagnostic and control strategies for babesiosis, we studied the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into the environment by B. divergens-infected red blood cells (iRBCs). B. divergens parasites were cultured in human erythrocytes in vitro in a complete medium containing low human vesicle (LHV) serum. Uninfected erythrocytes (uRBC) were also maintained in the LHV complete medium. Bd-derived EVs and uRBC-derived EVs were collected and purified from the supernatants of B. divergens and uRBC cultures, respectively. Proteins were extracted from Bd-derived EVs and uRBC-derived EVs.

The WCT EVI MAP project seeks to create a comprehensive map of the scientific evidence relevant to the World Health Organization's tumour classification. This endeavour involves the significant challenge of reviewing an extensive number of records within a highly constrained timeframe. To address this, the review process will primarily focus on article abstracts, which, however, may occasionally be unclear or incomplete. Furthermore, the classification and coding tasks will involve researchers from diverse fields of expertise. To mitigate these and other challenges, a decision tree accompanied by a glossary has been developed. This document correspond to the integrated interactive version of these tools. A decision tree for classifying study designs and a related glossary are presented in an interactive platform for ease of use.

It includes the nutrients composition of food items reported in the dataset of the Equatorial Guinea National Malaria and Nutrition Survey 2004. Component values, including for beverages and other liquids, are presented per 100 g edible portion.