Resultados de investigación

This dataset is supplementary material for the paper titled 'Reduced Information, Inflated Confidence: Experimental Evidence'. It has not been published or deposited elsewhere before., Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad. GIR Finanzas y Contabilidad. GIR: Finanzas y Contabilidad, APPENDIX I – Answers template (first part - overconfidence). APPENDIX II – List of questions about overconfidence. APPENDIX III – Available information about the companies. APPENDIX IV – List of events and interpretation. APPENDIX V – Individual Performances (IPs) and partial ACCs and PCCs. APPENDIX VI – Determination of the rationality unknown variables. APPENDIX VII – Pearson Correlation Coefficients of the studied variables. APPENDIX VIII – Answers template (second part – rationality). APPENDIX IX – Evolution of share market prices (by group), Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities

Es un corpus comparable inglés, Departamento de Filología Inglesa, This work was supported by the Spanish Government, Salvador de Madariaga Grant (grant number PRX22/00045).

Conjunto de datos 2026 engagement compromiso digital interacción redes sociales federaciones deportivas nacionales, Departamento de Periodismo y Comunicación Mediática

The relationship between rodents and oak trees has attracted considerable attention. The interaction spans a wide range of outcomes, from extreme predation, in which rodents consume acorns, to forms of collaboration that approach mutualism. Acorn characteristics and the behavior of rodent species within the oaks habitats are among the factors shaping this interaction. This study examines the influence of third species on rodent-oak interaction, by using raptor models. The main objective is to determine whether raptors in the treetops can deter rodents from feeding on acorns, thereby reducing acorn dispersal. To achieve this objective, we monitored acorns dispersal by four rodent species, algerian mouse, wood mouse, common vole and garden dormouse, in 10 m x 10 m semi-wild enclosures with oak trees in the four corners, two of them with raptor models. Beneath the four oaks, 60 acorns, 15 acorns per tree, were provided daily for 15 days, and the acorns in situ consumption and dispersal were tracked to determine whether the presence of raptor models altered the dispersal by any of the rodent species. The results show that species that are actively involved in acorn dispersion through transport (algerian mouse, wood mouse) modify their behavior in response to the presence of raptor models in the treetops. The garden dormouse also modifies its behavior, although this species does not transport or bury acorns, although it does move them around on the surface; however, it consumes most of the acorns whole by preying on them. Therefore, it does not participate in the acorn dispersion process. The common vole typically occupies open habitats without oaks and does not modify its behavior, probably because raptor models are not perceived as a threat., Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escalera de excelencia IuFOR

Relationships between rodents and oak species were established a long time ago. Even though rodents tend to eat acorns, some species play a role in oak seed dispersal by transporting acorns. However, the presence of raptors in the treetops, where rodents collect acorns, can halt the process due to the predation risk perceived by rodents. In this study, we investigated how raptor models influence the behavior of rodents when use acorns. We found that species that coexisted with oaks and consumed acorns for a long time reduce their activity and stop transporting them when raptor models are present in the treetops, reducing their participation in acorns dispersal. Rodent species that do not occupy oak habitats do not alter their behavior in response to raptor models, likely because they do not perceive them as a threat., Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (IuFOR), Escalera de Excelencia (CLU-2025-2-07) - iuFOR Institute

Relationships between rodents and oak species were established a long time ago. Even though rodents tend to eat acorns, some species play a role in oak seed dispersal by transporting acorns. However, the presence of raptors in the treetops, where rodents collect acorns, can halt the process due to the predation risk perceived by rodents. In this study, we investigated how raptor models influence the behavior of rodents when use acorns. We found that species that coexisted with oaks and consumed acorns for a long time reduce their activity and stop transporting them when raptor models are present in the treetops, reducing their participation in acorns dispersal. Rodent species that do not occupy oak habitats do not alter their behavior in response to raptor models, likely because they do not perceive them as a threat., Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, project «Escalera de Excelencia (CLU-2025-2-07) - iuFOR Institute

The relationship between rodents and oak trees has attracted considerable attention. The interaction spans a wide range of outcomes, from extreme predation, in which rodents consume acorns, to forms of collaboration that approach mutualism. Acorn characteristics and the behavior of rodent species within the oaks habitats are among the factors shaping this interaction. This study examines the influence of third species on rodent-oak interaction, by using raptor models. The main objective is to determine whether raptors in the treetops can deter rodents from feeding on acorns, thereby reducing acorn dispersal. To achieve this objective, we monitored acorns dispersal by four rodent species, algerian mouse, wood mouse, common vole and garden dormouse, in 10 m x 10 m semi-wild enclosures with oak trees in the four corners, two of them with raptor models. Beneath the four oaks, 60 acorns, 15 acorns per tree, were provided daily for 15 days, and the acorns in situ consumption and dispersal were tracked to determine whether the presence of raptor models altered the dispersal by any of the rodent species.

This dataset contains information about soil physical, chemical and biochemical, climatic, physiographic and stand parameters of 32 plots belonging to the Spanish National Forest Inventory (SNFI) located in Pinus halepensis Mill. plantations and 35 plots belonging to the Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute (iuFOR; University of Valladolid and INIA) located in Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in Spain., Parameters included in the dataset: Plot: plot identification in the SNFI and iuFOR networks. Species: species present in each plot (1: Pinus sylvestris; 2: Pinus halepensis) Slope: gradient in the plot in percentage. Altitude: elevation of the plot in meters above the sea level Latitude and Longitude: geographical coordinates of the plots in degrees Density: number of trees per hectare in the plot Dg: quadratic mean diameter in centimetersç Hm: mean height in meters of the trees in the plot H0; dominant height in meters of the trees in the plot BA: basal area of the plot in square meters per hectare SI: site index; dominant height of the trees in the plot at the reference age (80 years for Pinus halepensis and 50 years for Pinus sylvestris stands) SQ: the site quality class Age: average age in years of the trees in the plot AW: soil available water in percentage CO: soil coarse particles in percentage Porosity: soil porosity in percentage CLAY: clay content in soil in percentage SILTUS: silt content in soil following the USDA criteria in percentage SILTIS: silt content in soil following the International criteria, in percentage SANDUS: sand content in soil following the USDA criteria, in percentage SANDIS: sand content in soil following the International criteria, in percentage OHT: organic horizon thickness in the plot in centimeters ([C/N]L): the total carbon to total nitrogen ratio in the litter fraction of the organic horizon ([C/N]FH): the total carbon to total nitrogen ratio in the fragmented plus humified fractions of the organic horizon L: amount of litter fraction in the organic horizon in tons per hectare FH: amount of fragmented plus humified fraction in the organic horizon in tons per hectare. pH: soil pH value CEC: cation exchange capacity in soil in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Bascomb, 1964) EOC: amount of easily oxidizable C in soil in percentage (Walkley and Black, 1934) AP: amount of available phosphorus in soil in miligrams per kilogram of soil extracted with anion exchange membranes and determined with colorimetry (Murphy and Riley, 1962) TN: total N in soil in percentage TOC/TN: total organic C to total N ratio in soil Ca, Mg, Na, K: exchangeable calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in soil in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Schollenberger and Simon, 1945) WSP: water soluble phenols in soil in micrograms of TAE per gram of soil (Box, 1983) Carbonates: amount of carbonates in soil in percentage (Bundy and Bremner, 1972) React_carb: amount of reactive carbonates in soil in percentage (Bashour and Sayegh, 2007) Gypsum: amount of gypsum in soil in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Richards, 1954) Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn: amount of copper, iron, manganese and zinc in miligrams per kilogram of soil (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978) EA: soil exchangeable acidity in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Bascomb, 1964) Sat: base saturation of soil in percentage AlA, FeA, MnA: amorphous aluminum, iron and manganese (AlA, FeA, MnA) in soil in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Bascomb, 1968) AlM, FeM, MnM: organically bound aluminum, iron and manganese in soil in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Blakemore et al. 1987) AlE: exchangeable aluminum in soil in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Bertsch & Bloom, 1996) AlI: inorganic aluminum in soil in centimoles of charge per kilogram of soil (Mc-Keague et al., 1971) Cmic, Nmic, Pmic: amount of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soil in milligrams per kilogram of soil (Vance et al. 1987) Cmin: amount of mineralizable carbon in soil in milligrams per kilogram of soil (Isermeyer, 1952) Cmin/TOC: mineralizable carbon to total organic carbon ratio Cmic/TOC: microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon ratio qCO2: microbial metabolic quotient (Cmin/Cmic) in soil in grams per week and gram of soil FDA: fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis reaction (Alef and Nannipieri, 1995) in milliunits per gram of dry soil (nanomoles of fluorescein diacetate produced per gram of soil and minute) DHA: dehydrogenase activity (Casida et al., 1964) in milliunits per gram of dry soil (nanomoles of triphenyl formazan produced per gram of soil and minute) AcPhos, AlkPhos: acid and alkaline phosphatase activity (Tabatabai and Bremner, 1969) in milliunits per gram of dry soil (nanomoles of p-nitrophenol produced per gram of soil and minute) Urease: urease activity in soil (Hofmann, 1963) in milliunits per gram of dry soil (nanomoles of N per gram of soil and minute) Catalase: catalase activity (Tabatabai and Beck, 1971) in milliunits per gram of dry soil (nanomoles of O2 produced per gram of soil and minute) MAT: mean annual temperature in degrees centigrade (Ninyerola et al., 2005) MMWM: mean maximum temperature of the warmest month in degrees centigrade (Ninyerola et al., 2005) MMCM: mean maximum temperature of the coldest month in degrees centigrade (Ninyerola et al., 2005) MTWM: mean temperature of the warmest month in degrees centigrade (Ninyerola et al., 2005) MTCM: mean temperature of the coldest month in degrees centigrade (Ninyerola et al., 2005) TP: total precipitation in millimeters (Ninyerola et al., 2005) PW, PSP, PSU, PA: winter, spring, summer and autumn precipitation in millimeters (Ninyerola et al., 2005) PET, RET: potential and real evapotranspiration in millimetres (Thornthwaite, 1949 and Thorntwaite and Mather, 1955) Deficit: mean annual hydric deficit in millimeters (Thornthwaite, 1949 and Thorntwaite and Mather, 1955) Surplus: mean annual hydric surplus in millimetres (Thornthwaite, 1949 and Thorntwaite and Mather, 1955) AHI: Annual Hydric Index (Thornthwaite, 1949) Martonne: Martonne index (De-Martonne, 1926) Lang: Lang index (Lang, 1919)

This database contains information about soil, climatic, physiographic and stand parameters of 35 plots located in Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in Spain.

Cuadros, gráficas, planos e ilustraciones sobre las relaciones ferrocarril-industria en Valladolid de 1850 a 1950., Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico e Historia e Instituciones Económicas, Plano 1. FFCC e industria en Valladolid, c1850. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Plano 2. FFCC e industria en Valladolid, c1875. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Plano 3. FFCC e industria en Valladolid, c1900. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Plano 4. FFCC e industria en Valladolid, c1925. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Plano 5. FFCC e industria en Valladolid, c1950. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Plano 6. FFCC e industria en Valladolid a lo largo del tramo urbano del tren de vía estrecha, 1884-1952. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Gráfica 1. Valladolid 1850-1950: suelo FFCC + suelo industrial, acumulado según grado de relación con el FFCC (en Ha). Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Gráfica 2. Valladolid 1850-1950: suelo FFCC + suelo industrial, acumulado por sectores (en Ha). Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Gráfica 3. Valladolid 1860-1950: total de mercancías (salidas + llegadas) por sectores, Estación de Norte (en Tm). Elaboración propia a partir de: Gómez (1985) para el periodo 1874-1910; MCCIV para el periodo 1911-1926; y las Memorias de Renfe para 1943-1945. Ver listado de fuentes. Gráfica 4. Valladolid 1859-1904 y 1905-1950. Evolución de marcadores FFCC-INDUSTRIA en % sobre valor máximo del periodo, con promedio móvil. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Gráfica 5. Valladolid 1850-1950: evolución del suelo industrial por sectores (en Ha). Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Gráfica 6. Valladolid 1859-1950. Gráficas de dispersión suelo industrial-consumo carbón industria y suelo industrial-transporte total mercancías Norte, con promedio lineal. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Cuadro 1. Fábricas construidas en Valladolid, entre 1860 y 1895, según la relación con el ferrocarril. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Cuadro 2. Fábricas construidas en Valladolid, entre 1896 y 1951, según la relación con el ferrocarril. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes. Cuadro 3. Tabla de industrias localizadas en Valladolid entre 1850 y 1951. Elaboración propia. Ver listado de fuentes.