BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Usage Notes: Palau_fishdata_Dryad Palau fish data Palau_benthicdata_Dryad, Palau has a rich heritage of conservation that has evolved from the traditional moratoria on fishing, or "bul", to more western Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), while still retaining elements of customary management and tenure. In 2003, the Palau Protected Areas Network (PAN) was created to conserve Palau's unique biodiversity and culture, and is the country's mechanism for achieving the goals of the Micronesia Challenge (MC), an initiative to conserve ?30% of near-shore marine resources within the region by 2020. The PAN comprises a network of numerous MPAs within Palau that vary in age, size, level of management, and habitat, which provide an excellent opportunity to test hypotheses concerning MPA design and function using multiple discreet sampling units. Our sampling design provided a robust space for time comparison to evaluate the relative influence of potential drivers of MPA efficacy. Our results showed that no-take MPAs had, on average, nearly twice the biomass of resource fishes (i.e. those important commercially, culturally, or for subsistence) compared to nearby unprotected areas. Biomass of non-resource fishes showed no differences between no-take areas and areas open to fishing. The most striking difference between no-take MPAs and unprotected areas was the more than 5-fold greater biomass of piscivorous fishes in the MPAs compared to fished areas. The most important determinates of no-take MPA success in conserving resource fish biomass were MPA size and years of protection. Habitat and distance from shore had little effect on resource fish biomass. The extensive network of MPAs in Palau likely provides important conservation and tourism benefits to the Republic, and may also provide fisheries benefits by protecting spawning aggregation sites, and potentially through adult spillover., Peer reviewed

Selvagens_Madeira_fish_data Collected in the field, Excel, abbreviations in Readme file Selvagens_Madeira_benthic_data collected in the field, Excel, abbreviations in Readme file Selvagens_Madeira_mobile_inverts collected in the field, Excel, abbreviations in Readme file, The islands of Madeira and Selvagens are less than 300 km apart but offer a clear contrast between a densely populated and highly developed island (Madeira), and a largely uninhabited and remote archipelago (Selvagens) within Macaronesia in the eastern Atlantic. The Madeira Archipelago has ~260,000 inhabitants and receives over six million visitor days annually. The Selvagens Islands Reserve is one of the oldest nature reserves in Portugal and comprises two islands and several islets, including the surrounding shelf to a depth of 200 m. Only reserve rangers and a small unit of the maritime police inhabit these islands. The benthic community around Selvagens was dominated by erect and turf algae, while the community at Madeira was comprised of crustose coralline and turf algae, sessile invertebrates, and sea urchin barrens. The sea urchin Diadema africanum was 65% more abundant at Madeira than at Selvagens. Total fish biomass was 3.2 times larger at Selvagens than at Madeira, and biomass of top predators was more than 10 times larger at Selvagens. Several commercially important species (e.g., groupers, jacks), which have been overfished throughout the region, were more common and of larger size at Selvagens than at Madeira. Important sea urchin predators (e.g., hogfishes, triggerfishes) were also in higher abundance at Selvagens compared to Madeira. The effects of fishing and other anthropogenic influences are evident around Madeira. This is in stark contrast to Selvagens, which harbors healthy benthic communities with diverse algal assemblages and high fish biomass, including an abundance of large commercially important species. The clear differences between these two island groups highlights the importance of expanding and strengthening the protection around Selvagens, which harbors one of the last intact marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic, and the need to increase management and protection around Madeira., Peer reviewed

Cape_Horn_invertebrate_data Data collected in the field. Excel file format. Region: Fjords, Cape Horn, Diego Ramirez Island: Canel Barbara, Diego Ramirez, Isla Grevy, Isla Hermite, Isla Herschel, Isla Hornos, Isla Wollaston Station: 1-18 Sample: 1, 2 Date: dd-MMM-yr Lat: Latitude – decimal degrees WGS84 Long: Longitude - decimal degrees WGS84 Depth: M Species: Scientific name Count: number Num_m^2: Number per meter squared Cape_Horn_fish_data Data collected in the field. Excel file format. Region: Fjords, Cape Horn, Diego Ramirez Island: Canel Barbara, Diego Ramirez, Isla Grevy, Isla Hermite, Isla Herschel, Isla Hornos, Isla Wollaston Station: 1-18 Sample: 1, 2 Date: dd-MMM-yr Lat: Latitude – decimal degrees WGS84 Long: Longitude - decimal degrees WGS84 Depth: M Species: Scientific name Count: number Num_m^2: Number per meter squared, The vast and complex coast of the Magellan Region of extreme southern Chile possesses a diversity of habitats including fjords, deep channels, and extensive kelp forests, with a unique mix of temperate and sub-Antarctic species. The Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez archipelagos are the most southerly locations in the Americas, with the southernmost kelp forests, and some of the least explored places on earth. The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera plays a key role in structuring the ecological communities of the entire region, with the large brown seaweed Lessonia spp. forming dense understories. Kelp densities were highest around Cape Horn, followed by Diego Ramírez, and lowest within the fjord region of Francisco Coloane Marine Park (mean canopy densities of 2.51 kg m-2, 2.29 kg m-2, and 2.14 kg m-2, respectively). There were clear differences in marine communities among these sub-regions, with the lowest diversity in the fjords. We observed 18 species of nearshore fishes, with average species richness nearly 50% higher at Diego Ramírez compared with Cape Horn and Francisco Coloane. The number of individual fishes was nearly 10 times higher at Diego Ramírez and 4 times higher at Cape Horn compared with the fjords. Dropcam surveys of mesophotic depths (53-105 m) identified 30 taxa from 25 families, 15 classes, and 7 phyla. While much of these deeper habitats consisted of soft sediment and cobble, in rocky habitats, echinoderms, mollusks, bryozoans, and sponges were common. The southern hagfish (Myxine australis) was the most frequently encountered of the deep-sea fishes (50% of deployments), and while the Fueguian sprat (Sprattus fuegensis) was the most abundant fish species, its distribution was patchy. The Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez archipelagos represent some of the last intact sub-Antarctic ecosystems remaining and a recently declared large protected area will help ensure the health of this unique region., Peer reviewed

Climatic data was obtained from Worldclim Version 1&2, soil data from the European Soil Database, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) from satellite images through the Modis Vegetation index MOD13Q1. For skeletochronology, telomere, and microsatellite analyses we collected a total of 180 Epidalea calamita adult males across all populations. We then clipped the fourth toe of the right hindlimb that we then used for cross sectioning and DNA extractions. Stable isotope data were obtained from E. calamita egg clutches, which allows direct assessment of the diet of the female without harming any adults. We collected small sections of egg clutches that were kept under identical conditions in the lab until hatching and then determined the carbon and nitrogen levels of these samples. Standard metabolic rate was assessed in a terrestrial respirometer overnight, for which we brought in mature males from the field at night. Advertisement calls were recorded using a shotgun microphone and subsequently analysed using the software Raven Pro v.1.4. For female behavioural assays we brought in receptive females at night to the lab and played back recorded calls. All individuals were released at dawn and no individual was harmed., This dataset consists of a single excel file split into distinct sheets for different types of data: climate, population genetics, stable isotopes, standard metabolic rate, skeletochronology, telomere length, male advertisement calls, and female preference tests. The climatic data is split into sheets for NDVI, Worldclim Bio19, and edaphology. The population genetics data is split into sheets for basic statistics, genetic differentiation indicators, isolation by distance, and effective population size., Plan Nacional (grant CGL2014-59206-P), No

Invasive species cause major ecosystem impacts. To prioritise management, it is first necessary to recognise which invaders have the highest impact, as outlined by the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Strategic Plan 2020. We show for the first time that chemical compounds previously shown to be used in ant defence against other ant species can also be used to prey upon vertebrates of relatively greater size. We estimate the number of amphibian species whose ranges overlap with those of the Argentine ant across the globe and examine the likely global threat to terrestrial amphibians, an already endangered taxonomic group., Peer reviewed