BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

BIOANTART Cruise (29HE19930119) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1993, Dynamic oceanography and productivity of the Bransfield Strait during the austral summer. (BIOANTAR 93). 1) Characterize the different water masses of the Bransfield Strait 2) Study the distribution and variability of the water masses that occupy the Strait from their hydrographic characteristics 3) Analyze the generation and propagation of short surface waves and half period 4) Determine the three-dimensional structure of circulation due to the main regional hydrodynamic agents. 5) Study of the influence of water masses on the distribution of planktonic communities. 6) Study of the importance of the essential nutrients on the growth and metabolism of phytoplankton. 7) Study of the contribution of the different fractions of plankton to abundance and primary productivity. 8) Study of the variability in the importance of microheterotrophic processes during the succession in the trophic structure of ecosystems. 9) Determine the respiratory metabolism of Antarctic microplankton and its relationships with environmental conditions. 10) Study of metabolism (respiration, growth and excretion) of zooplankton and its contribution to the decline of phytoplankton bloom. 11) Preparation of a balance of total production, net community production, exported production and respiratory metabolism of plankton 12) Study of the importance of the Bransfield Strait as spawning area and fish breeding 13) Evaluate the net metabolism of the upper layers of the Antarctic ocean during the austral summer 14) Determine the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms 15) Study of the role of light as a factor limiting the growth of phytoplankton populations

VARIMED Cruise (29HE19930601) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1993, Mesoscale variability in the Western Mediterranean.(VARIMED). This campaign aims to study the role of mesoscale circulation structures in the general circulation of the surface layer and in the processes that determine both the biological productivity and the transport of organisms and sedimentary material, 1) Study of the structures of mesoscale and its interaction with the average circulation in frontal zones 2) Study of the coupling between the variability of physical and biological phenomena on a slope-platform front 3) Study of the relationship between platform-slope water mass exchanges with the Passive and dynamic transport of larval stages of pelagic and demersal species

MAST-1 Cruise (29HE19930805) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1993, European Coastal Transition Zone-Islas Canarias. -To study the gradient of the hydrographic and biological transition, to the south of the Archipelago, from the oceanic waters west of the island of La Palma to the interior of the platform of the coast of Africa.- To study the structure and dynamics of the water of upwelling filaments, which extends towards the Canaries. -Make a detailed study of the fronts on both sides of the trail, and both sides of the filament. - Analyze the mechanisms of formation of the eddies, and calculate the speed of their displacement, in relation to the surface current. - Quantify the importance of eddies and filaments in the increase of productivity and transport of organic matter in the Canary region

CAMEL Cruise (29HE19931015) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1993, The general scientific objective of the CAMEL 93 campaign is focused on the knowledge of the recent geological evolution, in a broad sense, of the intersaction zone between the final section of the Equatorial Canyon and the western end of the Transformative Fracture of Ferenando de Noronha. Another general objective of the campaign consists in the paleoceanographic study of the sediments deposited in the eastern and western Atlantic continental margins in areas near the equatorial zone during the last 400,000 years, and to deduce the evolution of the water masses of Antarctic origin, its distribution and most recent evolution, and the effects on ocean circulation resulting from the oscillations of the Antarctic ice caps. Morphosedimentary and geophysical geological study based on the obtaining of a mosaic of bathymetric profiles with multibeam, as well as geophysical profiles with high-resolution parametric probe (BPS), single-channel reflection seismic (air cannons), supplemented with background sonography obtained with sonar of lateral sweep and with profiles of magnetometry. Three samples have been made with gravity corer

GEBRA Cruise (29HE19931203) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1993, Geological evolution of the Bransfield Basin and the South Scotia Sea Ridge. Work has been carried out with multibeam, single-channel reflection seismic, parametric BPS probe, magnetometry, gravity cores extraction and instrument anchoring. These techniques have allowed to characterize in great detail the morphostructure, the sedimentary coating and the magnetic anomalies of the studied area

FRUELA-96 Cruise (29HE19960118) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1996, Carbon flow high productivity area: the western basin of the Bransfield Strait and Gerlache Strait, Antarctica. The FRUELA project is a Spanish contribution to the JGOFS program and its main objective is the cauntering of carbon fluxes in an area of ​​high productivity of the Antarctic Ocean. Concrete goals. A) The determination of the abundances of the main groups of organisms (bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, etc ...) involved in the transfer of organic matter and the concentrations of the main chemical compounds involved. B) the estimation of 1) the amounts of organic matter synthesized by phytoplankton (primary production) and transferred against the various groups of organisms. 2) the amount of organic matter breathed and 3) the amount of organic matter that escapes from the upper parts of the water column and sediments to the bottom. 4) the temporal evolution (last decades) of the accumulation of carbon in the sediments, as a record of the accumulated in different areas of the ocean

DRAKE-96 Cruise (29HE19960214) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1996, Spanish contribution to WOCE project. The main objective was to occupy section SR1b (Burdwood Bank - Elephant Island) to obtain variable profiles in 21 oceanographic stations as well as during navigation (temperature, salinity and fluorescence) and current profiles with ADCP. For the stations, CTD has been used with temperature sensors, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and light transmission

PALEOPAC Cruise (29HE19960309) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1996, The PALEOPAC campaign was developed in the South Pacific in March 1996. During the campaign, kasten cores, gravity corers, maxicores, bathymetric profile with EK 500 and EM 12 probe and very high resolution profiles with BPS parametric probe were taken. The concrete areas of the study have been the southern Chilean margin around the Gulf of Penas, the "sea mounts" located in the basins off the Chilean continental margin and the Nazca Ridge. The intensive zone of work and sampling has been the Nazca Ridge. The purpose of the campaign has been to take cores in areas of the Pacific that allowed to study the paleoceanographic variability from the record of indicators of paleotemperatures and paleoproductivities accumulated in the sediment. The analysis of parameters such as the biogenic opaline, the content of organic matter and certain radioisotopes make it possible to reconstruct the records of paleoproductivity, paleotemperature and ocean circulation during periods of hundreds of kiloyears.

GALAPAGOS-96 Cruise (29HE19960328) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1996, Geophysical Campaign to the North of the Galapagos archipelago in the Cocos-Nazca dorsal (Galapagos 96). The main objective of this research is to determine the morphological structure of the COCOS-NAZCA dorsal, using gravity, magnetism and high resolution bathymetry data, which allows us to check the hotspot-dorsal interaction models and quantify the effect of the variation in the contribution of magma to axial morphology and cortical accretion processes in expansion zones with intermediate velocities. Specifically we intend to determine how the axial morphology varies along the ridge as a function of the distance to the Galapagos hotspot. In addition, to restrict the magnitude of variations in cortical thickness associated with the Galapagos "swell" and the changes observed in the axial morphology of the COCOS-NAZCA dorsal

CORTES-96 Cruise (29HE19960412) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1996, Crustal Offshore Research Transect from Extensive Seismic (CORTES), The CORTES-P96 multisciplinary experiment was carried out longitudinally and perpendicularly to the Gulf of California or Mar de Cortés. More than 1500 miles of reflection seismic, potential field measurements (gravity and magnetism) over 2000 miles were acquired, as well as side-scan echo sounder and sonographs throughout the cruise. The objective was to solve the complex geodynamics of the Gulf of California covering the most significant structures (fracture zones, oceanic ridges and continental remnant blocks) related to the San Andres-Gulf of California transforming fault system. In addition, the limits between Plate Cocos, Rivera, Pacifico and North America were sampled