BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

This dataset in an Excel file compares the wave of globalization before the outbreak of the Great Recession in 2007 with its alleged historical antecedent before the outbreak of World War One. We describe trends in trade and openness, estimate the gains from trade and investigate the proximate causes of the growth of openness. We argue that the conventional wisdom has to be revised. The first wave of globalization started around 1820 and culminated around 1870. In the next century, trade continued to grow, with the exception of the Great Depression, but openness and gains fluctuated widely. Growth resumed in the early 1970s. By 2007, the world was more open than a century earlier and its inhabitants gained from trade substantially more than their ancestors did. The current wave of globalization, in spite of some similarities with previous trends, has no historical antecedents. This dataset is related to the working paper "A tale of two globalizations : gains for trade and openness 1800-2010" by by Giovanni Federico and Antonio Tena Junguito, available on: http://hdl.handle.net/10016/22354

This dataset is supporting information to the paper pubished in the Working papers in Economic History series, n. 16-01., This dataset in an Excel file presents our data-base on world trade from 1800 to 1938. We have collected or estimated series of imports and exports, at current and constant (1913) prices and at current and at constant (1913) borders, for 149 polities. After a short review of the available series, we describe the methods for the construction of the data-base. We then deal with the criteria for the inclusion of polities, the representativeness of our series, the main types of sources, the procedures of deflation and, when necessary, of adjustments to 1913 borders. We discuss the details of the estimation of our polity series in Appendix B. Following Feinstein and Thomas (2001), we assess the reliability of our polity estimates. In the last two sections we present our trade series at current and 1913 borders and compare them with other available series. This dataset is related to the working paper "World trade, 1800-1938 : a new data-set" by Giovanni Federico and Antonio Tena Junguito, available on: http://hdl.handle.net/10016/22222.

This is the LMF version of the Galician Apertium dictionary. Monolingual dictionaries for Spanish, Catalan, Galician and Euskera have been generated from the Apertium expanded lexicons of the es-ca (for both Spanish and Catalan) es-gl (for Galician) and eu-es (for Basque). Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but recently expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides: a language-independent machine translation engine; tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.

This is the LMF version of the Basque Apertium dictionary. Monolingual dictionaries for Spanish, Catalan, Gallego and Euskera have been generated from the Apertium expanded lexicons of the es-ca (for both Spanish andCatalan) es-gl (for Galician) and eu-es (for Basque). Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but recently expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides: a language-independent machine translation engine; tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.

This is the LMF version of the Apertium bilingual dictionary for Basque and Spanish languages. Bilingual LMF dictionaries were generated from Apertium bilingual dix files. For each Apertium bilingual correspondence, the corresponding source and target monolingual entries (LexicalEntry) were generated in addition to the bilingual correspondence (SenseAxis) element. Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but recently expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides: a language-independent machine translation engine; tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.

This is the LMF version of the Apertium bilingual dictionary for English and Catalan languages. Bilingual LMF dictionaries were generated from Apertium bilingual dix files. For each Apertium bilingual correspondence, the corresponding source and target monolingual entries (LexicalEntry) were generated in addition to the bilingual correspondence (SenseAxis) element. Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but recently expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides: a language-independent machine translation engine; tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.

This is the LMF version of the Apertium bilingual dictionary for French and Catalan languags. Bilingual LMF dictionaries were generated from Apertium bilingual dix files. For each Apertium bilingual correspondence, the corresponding source and target monolingual entries (LexicalEntry) were generated in addition to the bilingual correspondence (SenseAxis) element. Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but recently expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides: a language-independent machine translation engine; tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.

This is the LMF version of the Apertium bilingual dictionary for Spanish and Portuguese languages. Bilingual LMF dictionaries were generated from Apertium bilingual dix files. For each Apertium bilingual correspondence, the corresponding source and target monolingual entries (LexicalEntry) were generated in addition to the bilingual correspondence (SenseAxis) element. Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but recently expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides: a language-independent machine translation engine; tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.

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This is the LMF version of the Apertium bilingual dictionary for Occitan and Catalan languages. Bilingual LMF dictionaries were generated from Apertium bilingual dix files. For each Apertium bilingual correspondence, the corresponding source and target monolingual entries (LexicalEntry) were generated in addition to the bilingual correspondence (SenseAxis) element. Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but recently expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides: a language-independent machine translation engine; tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.