BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Data for field experiment This is the field data for the manuscript “Condition-dependent trade-offs between sexual traits, body condition and immunity: the effect of novel habitats”. Data was collected by MIC and CC. All methods are described in the associated manuscript. Column headings are described in the excel spreadsheet. Field experiment.xlsx Data from mesocosm experiment This is the mesocosm data for the manuscript “Condition-dependent trade-offs between sexual traits, body condition and immunity: the effect of novel habitats” Data was collected by MIC and CC. All methods are described in the associated manuscript. Column headings are described in the excel spreadsheet. mesocosm experiment.xlsx, Background: The optimal allocation of resources to sexual signals and other life history traits is usually dependent on an individual's condition, while variation in the expression of sexual traits across environments depends on the combined effects of local adaptation, mean condition, and phenotypic responses to environment-specific cues that affect resource allocation. A clear contrast can often be drawn between natural habitats and novel habitats, such as forest plantations and urban areas. In some species, males seem to change their sexual signals in these novel environments, but why this occurs and how it affects signal reliability is still poorly understood. Results: The relative size of sexual traits and level of immune responses were significantly lower for male palmate newts Lissotriton helveticus caught in pine and eucalyptus plantations compared to those caught in native forests, but there was no habitat-dependent difference in body condition (n= 18 sites, 382 males). The reliability with which sexual traits signalled body condition and immune responses was the same in all three habitats. Finally, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in which males were maintained in pine, eucalypt or oak infused water for 21 days. Males in plantation-like water (pine or eucalypt) showed significantly lower immune responses but no change in body condition. This matches the pattern seen for field-caught males. Unlike field-caught males, however, there was no relationship between water type and relative sexual trait size. Conclusions: Pine and eucalyptus plantations are likely to be detrimental to male palmate newt because they are associated with reduced immune function and smaller sexual traits. This could be because ecological aspects of these novel habitats, such as high water turbidity or changes in male-male competition, drive selection for reduced investment into sexual traits. However, it is more probable that there are differences in the ease of acquisition, hence optimal allocation, of resources among habitats. Our mesocosm experiment also provides some evidence that water toxicity is a causal factor. Our findings offer insights into how plantations affect amphibian life histories, and how novel habitats might generate long-term selection for new resource allocation strategies in native species., Peer reviewed

BeePath2012, Human mobility is becoming an accessible field of study thanks to the progress and availability of tracking technologies as a common feature of smart phones. We describe an example of a scalable experiment exploiting these circumstances at a public, outdoor fair in Barcelona (Spain). Participants were tracked while wandering through an open space with activity stands attracting their attention. We develop a general modeling framework based on Langevin Dynamics, which allows us to test the influence of two distinct types of ingredients on mobility: reactive or context-dependent factors, modelled by means of a force field generated by attraction points in a given spatial configuration, and active or inherent factors, modelled from intrinsic movement patterns of the subjects. The additive and constructive framework model accounts for some observed features. Starting with the simplest model (purely random walkers) as a reference, we progressively introduce different ingredients such as persistence, memory, and perceptual landscape, aiming to untangle active and reactive contributions and quantify their respective relevance. The proposed approach may help in anticipating the spatial distribution of citizens in alternative scenarios and in improving the design of public events based on a facts-based approach., Peer reviewed

Reflectance of mouth, rictal flange and body skin at the beginning of the treatment with cyproheptadine Spectral reflectance (300nm to 700nm) of three begging-related traits of magpie nestlings: mouth (gape or palate), rictal flange and body skin at the beginning of the treatment with cyproheptadine (nestlings 2–4 days old). Values are means obtained from three replicates and corrected by a triangular smoothing (i.e. a floating mean with weights within a distance of 10nm). Before_experimemt_reflectance_300_700nm.txt Reflectance of mouth, rictal flange and body skin at the end of the treatment with cyproheptadine Spectral reflectance (300nm to 700nm) of three begging-related traits of magpie nestlings: mouth (gape or palate), rictal flange and body skin at the end of the treatment with cyproheptadine (nestlings 10–12 days old). Values are means obtained from three replicates and corrected by a triangular smoothing (i.e. a floating mean with weights within a distance of 10nm). After_experimemt_reflectance_300_700nm.txt Irradiance inside 10 active magpie nests Irradiance measurements were performed in 10 active magpie nests between March and April of 2009, and between 09:00am and 11:00am in a magpie population in Guadix (Spain). It was done by placing the probe above the nest cup and pointing vertically toward the dome. Values are means per each nest from three replicates. Irradiance_inside_nests_300_700nm_moles_means.txt Nestling weights and colour measurements for the three begging-related traits before and after the treatment with cyproheptadine data_set_Martin-Galvez_and_Soler_2016.xlsx, The colouration of some traits in nestlings of altricial birds may influence parental food allocation as it may reflect physical condition or hunger. There is increasing evidence of the relationship between colouration of begging traits and nestling performance. However, evidence of the influence of hunger level on nestling colouration is scarce, mainly because of difficulty of distinguishing between the effects of physical condition and hunger levels. Here, we used the appetite stimulant cyproheptadine hydrochloride to increase the sensation of hunger of magpie (Pica pica) nestlings for eight days and assessed the effect on the colouration of rictal flanges, mouth and body skin. We found that nestlings administered with cyproheptadine had flanges more conspicuous (chromatic visual contrast), more UV coloured and less yellow coloured than their control nestmates. Conversely, mouths of experimental nestlings were more yellow coloured and less UV coloured than controls. Our pharmacological experiment affected the strength of the relationship between body mass and some colour components of body skin (chromatic and achromatic visual contrasts, UV–chroma and Yellow–chroma) and of rictal flanges (chromatic visual contrasts, UV–chroma and yellow–chroma), but not for mouth colouration. These results taken together suggest that the effect of the cyproheptadine on nestling colourations is probably mediated by an increase in hunger levels of nestlings for rictal flanges and body skin colourations, and by an increase in physical condition in the case of mouth coloration., Peer reviewed

Fortes_et_al_2016_mtDNA_alignment MtDNA sequence alignment used in Fortes et al. 2016 Mol Ecol. See README for further info., Ancient DNA studies have revolutionized the study of extinct species and populations, providing insights on phylogeny, phylogeography, admixture and demographic history. However, inferences on behaviour and sociality have been far less frequent. Here, we investigate the complete mitochondrial genomes of extinct Late Pleistocene cave bears and middle Holocene brown bears that each inhabited multiple geographically proximate caves in northern Spain. In cave bears, we find that, although most caves were occupied simultaneously, each cave almost exclusively contains a unique lineage of closely related haplotypes. This remarkable pattern suggests extreme fidelity to their birth site in cave bears, best described as homing behaviour, and that cave bears formed stable maternal social groups at least for hibernation. In contrast, brown bears do not show any strong association of mitochondrial lineage and cave, suggesting that these two closely related species differed in aspects of their behaviour and sociality. This difference is likely to have contributed to cave bear extinction, which occurred at a time in which competition for caves between bears and humans was likely intense and the ability to rapidly colonize new hibernation sites would have been crucial for the survival of a species so dependent on caves for hibernation as cave bears. Our study demonstrates the potential of ancient DNA to uncover patterns of behaviour and sociality in ancient species and populations, even those that went extinct many tens of thousands of years ago., Peer reviewed

CytbSPrey Partial Cytochrome b sequences obtained from sequencing of the amplification of the DNA from excrement with specific primers for arthropodes. CytbLPrey Partial Cytochrome b (Part 2) sequences obtained from sequencing of the amplification of the DNA from excrement with specific primers for arthropodes Samples List final Samples used in the study, Recently, several species of aerial-hawking bats have been found to prey on migrating songbirds, but details on this behaviour and its relevance for bird migration are still unclear. We sequenced avian DNA in feather-containing scats of the bird-feeding bat Nyctalus lasiopterus from Spain collected during bird migration seasons. We found very high prey diversity, with 31 bird species from eight families of Passeriformes, almost all of which were nocturnally flying sub-Saharan migrants. Moreover, species using tree hollows or nest boxes in the study area during migration periods were not present in the bats’ diet, indicating that birds are solely captured on the wing during night-time passage. Additional to a generalist feeding strategy, we found that bats selected medium-sized bird species, thereby assumingly optimizing their energetic cost-benefit balance and injury risk. Surprisingly, bats preyed upon birds half their own body mass. This shows that the 5% prey to predator body mass ratio traditionally assumed for aerial hunting bats does not apply to this hunting strategy or even underestimates these animals’ behavioural and mechanical abilities. Considering the bats’ generalist feeding strategy and their large prey size range, we suggest that nocturnal bat predation may have influenced the evolution of bird migration strategies and behaviour., Peer reviewed

2016_06_27 MalesSpecMorph_museum Colorimetric Spectra and Morphological variable measures per museum skin, males. SNP calls output from the GBS Bioinformatics pipeline SNP calls in HapMap format with basic filtering on missingness and allele frequency for 95 Junco samples, generated by the Cornell University’s Institute for Genomic Diversity (IGD). c1.snpmerged.filtered.hmp, Natural systems composed of closely-related taxa that vary in the degree of phenotypic divergence and geographic isolation, provide an opportunity to investigate the rate of phenotypic diversification and the relative roles of selection and drift in driving lineage formation. The genus Junco (Aves: Emberizidae) of North America includes parapatric northern forms that are markedly divergent in plumage pattern and color, in contrast to geographically isolated southern populations in remote areas that show moderate phenotypic divergence. Here, we quantify patterns of phenotypic divergence in morphology and plumage color, and use mitochondrial DNA genes, a nuclear intron, and genome-wide SNPs to reconstruct the demographic and evolutionary history of the genus to infer relative rates of evolutionary divergence among lineages. We found that geographically isolated populations have evolved independently for hundreds of thousands of years despite little differentiation in phenotype, in sharp contrast to phenotypically diverse northern forms, which have diversified within the last few thousand years as a result of the rapid postglacial recolonization of North America. SNP data resolved young northern lineages into reciprocally monophyletic lineages, indicating low rates of gene flow even among closely related parapatric forms, and suggesting a role for strong genetic drift or multifarious selection acting on multiple loci in driving lineage divergence. Juncos represent a compelling example of speciation-in-action, where the combined effects of historical and selective factors have produced one of the fastest cases of speciation known in vertebrates., Peer reviewed

HISTORICAL TROUT DISTRIBUTION IN SPAIN Presence (=1) or absence (=0) of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in 5427 localities in Spain during the mid-19th century, as informed by the geographical dictionary edited by Pascual Madoz [Madoz P. 1845-1850 Diccionario Geográfico, Estadístico y Histórico de España, y sus Posesiones de Ultramar. 16 vols. Madrid, Spain]. Absence localities are those in which the dictionary identified freshwater fish species but did not mention the trout. Latitude and longitude are given in decimal degrees HISTORICAL_TROUT_DATA.xls, Historical species records offer an excellent opportunity to test the predictive ability of range forecasts under climate change, but researchers often consider that historical records are scarce and unreliable, besides the datasets collected by renowned naturalists. Here, we demonstrate the relevance of biodiversity records developed through citizen-science initiatives generated outside the natural sciences academia. We used a Spanish geographical dictionary from the mid-nineteenth century to compile over 10 000 freshwater fish records, including almost 4 000 brown trout (Salmo trutta) citations, and constructed a historical presence–absence dataset covering over 2 000 10 × 10 km cells, which is comparable to present-day data. There has been a clear reduction in trout range in the past 150 years, coinciding with a generalized warming. We show that current trout distribution can be accurately predicted based on historical records and past and present values of three air temperature variables. The models indicate a consistent decline of average suitability of around 25% between 1850s and 2000s, which is expected to surpass 40% by the 2050s. We stress the largely unexplored potential of historical species records from non-academic sources to open new pathways for long-term global change science., Peer reviewed

2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), Auckland, 13-17 April 2015, The .xls spreadsheet contains scheduling success ratios and computational cost of the mechanism related to the publication "Seeking Time-Composable Partitions of Tasks for COTS Multicore Processors"., European Commission: SAFURE - SAFety and secURity by design for interconnected mixed-critical cyber-physical systems (644080), Peer reviewed

DAC '15 Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference, ACM New York, New York., The .xls spreadsheet includes the measurements of multicore slowdown as described in the paper "Resource usage templates and signatures for COTS multicore processors"., European Commission: SAFURE - SAFety and secURity by design for interconnected mixed-critical cyber-physical systems (644080), Peer reviewed

Design Automation Conference (DAC), San Francisco, 7-11 June 2015, European Commission: SAFURE - SAFety and secURity by design for interconnected mixed-critical cyber-physical systems (644080), 2015DAC-BSC.02.xlsx, Peer reviewed