BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats Darwing Core. Three files are provided. The first file (Don_liz-gec_event_20221201) contains the information of the project, the institution and the description each event (time of occurrence, geographical coordinates, habitat type, etc…); the second file (Don_liz-gec_occ_20221201) contains the information of the occurrences of species recorded in each transect, taxonomic classification, geographoical coordinates of its observation, etc…; and the third file (Don_liz-gec_mof_20221201) provide information of the description of other variables measured during counts., The monitoring of lizards and geckos’ community in Doñana was initiated in 2005 as part of the monitoring program of natural resources and processes. One of the aims of this project was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data of the presence and abundance of these species to detect changes and trends in their wild populations within the protected area. Lizard and gecko counts are collected annually by members of the monitoring team three times per year in the periods when reptile activity is high (two samplings in March-June and one sampling in September-October), with good environmental conditions (temperature between 17 and 25 ºC and absence of rain or strong wind conditions). The method used to record the presence and abundance of lizard and gecko species (kilometric index: number of individuals/km) are the transect censuses. Individuals are visually searched along seven transects (linear or circular) that are carried out by one trained person on foot. Each transect have an established length, but the length surveyed is different (averaged 1858 ± 51.86 meters). Each transect is located in dunes or mediterranean vegetation habitats, representative of Doñana ecosystems. Two transects runs through wooden footpaths (within the Natural Park and five transects are placed on sand-trails (4 within the National Park and one in Natural Park which contains a small part of wooden footpath). Linear transects have been surveyed in the outward track direction and after waiting 15 minutes it has been again performed on the way back. This information is valid to account for species presence in the area. However, we suggest to choose the first survey performed for statistical analyses that require independence of samples. Eight species can be potentially observed during the samplings: Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus), Common Wall Gecko (Tarentola mauritanica), Fringe-fingered Lizard (Acanthodactylus erythrurus), Algerian Psammodromus (Psammodromus algirus), Western Psammodromus (Psammodromus occidentalis), Carbonell's wall lizard (Podarcis carbonelli), Andalusian wall lizard (Podarcis vaucheri), Ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus). Other reptile species present in Doñana have not been included in this study as the detection with this method is very low. For instance, to detect species with a fossorial behaviour (the Mediterranean Worm Lizard Blanus cinereus) or those cryptic as adders (Vipera latastei), it is required larger investment of survey which consist in looking under vegetation, burrows or logs (there are not stones in Doñana). Data recorded during the surveys include weather description (cloud cover, temperature, rain, or wind speed), species identification, number of individuals, sex and life stage of the reptiles when possible, as well as time and georeferenced data of the observation. Between 2005-2007 data was registered in Excel file and since 2008 data is recorded with the app CyberTracker (see protocol). The protocol used has been supervised by herpetological researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the transects., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2002-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2005)., 1. Don_liz-gec_event_20221201: eventID, institutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, continent, country, countryCode, Province, Location, Locality, LocalityID, eventDate, eventTime, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, decimalLatitudeEnd, decimalLongitudeEnd, verbatimCoordinate_func, verbatimCoordinate, habitat, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, samplingEffort, recordedBy, samplingProtocol.-- 2. Don_liz-gec_occ_20221201: RecordedBy, eventID, OccurrenceID, OcurrenceTime, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, basisOfRecord, individualCount, lifeStage, sex, OccurrenceRemarks, behavior, kingdom, Class, Family, scientificName, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, taxonRank.-- 3. Don_liz-gec_mof_20221201: eventID, measurementID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementMethod., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Three files are provided. The first file (Meta-data) contains the information of each event (time of occurrence, geographical coordinates, Ecosystem, Sampling mehtod, etc…); the second file (Fish) contains the information of the occurrences of fish species recorded in each station, taxonomic classification, etc…; and the third file (Macroinvertebrates) provide information of the occurrences of macroinvertebrates recorded in each station, taxonomic classification, abundance clases, etc…, The monitoring of the macroinvertebrates and fish community in Doñana wetlands was initiated in 2004 as part of the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The aim was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data in the abundance and distribution of macroinvertebrates and fish species to analyze the evolution of their numbers and estimates biodiversity values. Data were recorded annually between 2004-2019 by more than 2 members of the monitoring team which performed samplings in different locations twice per year in winter-spring and summer seasons when the study sites are flooded. The macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled at the 140 stations classified according to their location (on either aeolian sands or marshland). Funnel traps were used as a sampling method. Between 5-9 funnel traps were randomly distributed (until 50 cm of depth) in each location, depending of the flooded area and depth. The traps were left for 24 hours and emptied the content into white sorting pans. Individuals were counted and identified until the maximun taxonomic level in the field and realease. During samplings, it was identified 66 and 16 families, of macroinvertebrates and fishes respectively. The most abundances were Notonectidae and Corixidae in macroinvertebrates, and Poecilidae and Cyprinidae in fishes. Data recorded during the surveys included species identification, number of individuals, sex and life stage (pupa, larvae, inmature, adult) of the organisms when possible, as well as the time and georreferenced data of the observation. Between 2004-2007 data was registered in Excel file and since 2008 data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence). The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2002-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2005)., 1. Metadata: Taxa group, Site ID, Site name, Country, y coordinate, x coordinate, Ecosystem River/lake name, Sampling method, Starting year, Ending year, 1st Name, 1st Mail, 2nd Name, 2nd Mail, 3rd Name, 3rd Mail.-- 2. Fish: Site ID, Sample ID, Sampling date, Taxon name, Taxon ID, Definition of abundance class, Abundance class.-- 3. Macroinvertebrates: Site ID, Sample ID, Sampling date, Taxon name, Taxon ID, 0+, 1+, Adult, All., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Two files are provided. The first file (icts-rbd-dungBe_event_20221107) contains the information of each event (time of occurrence, geographical coordinates, habitat, sampling effort, etc…); the second file (icts-rbd-dungBe_occ_20221107) contains the information of the occurrences of dung-beetles species recorded in each site, numbers of individual recorded and taxonomic classification., The monitoring of the roller dung-beetles (Scarabaeinidae) in Doñana, southwestern Spain, was initiated in 2004 as part of the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The aim was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data in the abundance and distribution of two species (Scarabeus sacer and S. cicatricosus) present in the area. Data were recorded annually from 2004 to 2012 by members of the monitoring team which performed one sampling (between May and August) in different habitats (sand dunes, mediterranean schrublands, flooplain meadows, and marshlands). Dung-baited pitfalls traps were used as a method to obtain samples of individuals of the two species. These traps were plastic cilinder of 30 cm diameter x 20 cm high buried on the ground. A baited grill of 2cm x 2 cm mesh rested on top of the trap. Bait was fresh horse or cow feaces (250 g) collected around the area early in the morning the day before of trapping. Five pitfall traps were established at each site separated 15 m each other during 24 hours. Two checking were conducted every 12 hours after baiting to avoid the mortality of individuals. Individual of each species were counted and release after it. Data recorded during the surveys included species identification and number of individuals. Between 2004-2008 data was registered in Excel file and since 2008 data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence. The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2004-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2004-2012)., 1.icts-rbd-dungBeetles_event_20221107: intitutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, eventID, eventDate, eventTime, continent, country, countryCode, stateProvince, locality, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, habitat, eventRemarks, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, sampleEffort, dynamicPropertiesEvents, recordyBy and scientificName 2.icts-rbd-dungBeetles_occ_20221107: eventID, OccurrenceID, basisOfRecords, individualCount, kingdom, class, family, scientificName, genus, specificEpithet and scientificNameAuthorship., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Three files are provided. The first file (Don_macroinv_ev_20221222) contains the information of each event (eventID, event date, geographical coordinates, sample effort, etc…); the second file (Don_macroinv_occ_20221222) contains the information of the occurrences of individuals recorded in each station and its taxonomic classification; and the third file (Don_macroinv_mof_20221222) provide information of biometric variable (weithg) of macroinvertebrates samples recorded in each occurrence., The monitoring of the macroinvertebrates community in Doñana wetlands was initiated in 2004 as part of the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The aim was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data in the abundance and distribution of macroinvertebrates species to analyze the evolution of their numbers and estimates biodiversity values. Data were recorded annually between 2004-2019 by more than 2 members of the monitoring team which performed samplings in different locations twice per year in winter-spring and summer seasons when the study sites are flooded. The macroinvertebrates were sampled at the 139 stations classified according to their location (on either aeolian sands or marshland). Funnel traps were used as a sampling method. Between 5-9 funnel traps were randomly distributed (until 50 cm of depth) in each location, depending of the flooded area and depth. The traps were left for 24 hours and emptied the content into white sorting pans. Individuals were counted and identified until the maximun taxonomic level in the field and realease. During samplings, it was identified 65 families. The most abundances were Notonectidae and Corixidae. Data recorded during the surveys included species identification, number of individuals, sex and life stage (pupa, larvae, juvenile, adult) of the organisms when possible, as well as the time and georreferenced data of the observation. Between 2004-2007 data was registered in Excel file and since 2008 data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence). The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2002-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2005)., 1. Don_macroinv_ev_20221222: eventID, intitutionCode, datasetName, eventDate, year, month, day, continent, country, stateProvince, location, localityID, locality, sampleSizeUnit, sampleSizeEffort, DynamicPropiertiesEvent, eventRemarks, recordedBy.-- 2. Don_macroinv_occ_20221222: eventID, occurrenceID, basisOfRecord, individualCount, sex, lifeStage, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificName.-- 3. Don_macroinv_mof_20221222: ocurrenceID, measurementID, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementType, measurementAccuracy, measurementMethod., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Three files are provided. The first file (Don_fish_ev_20221222) contains the information of each event (eventID, event date, geographical coordinates, sample effort, etc…); the second file (Don_fish_occ_20221222) contains the information of the occurrences of fish species recorded in each station, taxonomic classification; and the third file (Don_fish_mof_20221222) provide information of the biometric variable (weight) of fish sample in each occurrence., The monitoring of the fish community in Doñana wetlands was initiated in 2004 as part of the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The aim was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data in the abundance and distribution of fish species to analyze the evolution of their numbers and estimates biodiversity values. Data were recorded annually between 2004-2019 by more than 2 members of the monitoring team which performed samplings in different locations twice per year in winter-spring and summer seasons when the study sites are flooded. The fishes were sampled at the 139 stations classified according to their location (on either aeolian sands or marshland). Funnel traps were used as a sampling method. Between 5-9 funnel traps were randomly distributed (until 50 cm of depth) in each location, depending of the flooded area and depth. The traps were left for 24 hours and emptied the content into white sorting pans. Individuals were counted and identified until the maximun taxonomic level in the field and realease. During samplings, it was identified 15 families. The most abundances were Poecilidae and Cyprinidae. Data recorded during the surveys included species identification, number of individuals, sex and life stage (pupa, larvae, inmature, mature) of the organisms when possible, as well as the time and georreferenced data of the observation. Between 2004-2007 data was registered in Excel file and since 2008 data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence). The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2002-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2005)., 1. Don_fish_ev_20221222: eventID, intitutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, eventDate, year, month, day, country, stateProvince, location, localityID, locality, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, habitat, sampleSizeUnit, sampleSizeEffort, DynamicPropiertiesEvent, eventRemarks, recordeBy.-- 2. Don_fish_occ_20221222: eventID, occurrenceID, individualCount, sex, lifeStage, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificName.-- 3. Don_fish_mof_20221222: OccurrenceID, measurementID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementMethod., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Three files are provided., The first file (Don_biom_red-swamp-crayfish_ev_20230111) contains the information of each event (eventID, event date, geographical coordinates, sample effort, etc…); the second file (Don_ biom_red-swamp-crayfish _occ_20230111) contains the information of the occurrences of individuals recorded in each station and its taxonomic classification; and the third file (Don_ biom_red-swamp-crayfish _mof_20230111) provide information of biometric variables of individual crayfish recorded (total body length, cephalothorax length, cephalothorax width and weight)., The monitoring of biometric parameters (total body length, cephalothorax length, cephalothorax width and weight) of red-swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in Doñana wetlands was initiated in 2004 as part of the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The aim was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data in the biometry of the species to analyze the evolution in these variables. Data were recorded annually between 2004-2022 by more than 2 members of the monitoring team which performed samplings in different locations twice per year in winter-spring and summer seasons when the study sites are flooded. The individuals were sampled at the 64 stations classified according to their location (on either aeolian sands or marshland). Modified commercial traps, similar to funnel traps, with 4 mm mesh size were used as sampling method, following the method by Bravo et. al., 1994. Between 5-9 traps were randomly distributed (until 50 cm of depth) in each location, depending of the flooded area and depth. The traps were left for 24 hours and emptied the content into white sorting pans. Individuals were counted and identified until the maximun taxonomic level in the field and realease. Each individual captured was weigthed using an electronic balance within 0.2 g accuracy. Cephalothorax length (from the tip of the rostrum to the tip of the cephalatorax) and cephalothorax width (maximum width of the cephalothorax) were measured using a slide caliper within 0.1 mm accuracy. Total body length (from the tip of the rostrum to the tip of the telson) were recorded using a ruler within 0.5 mm accuracy. Data recorded during the surveys also included sex and maturation stage (inmature, mature) of the organisms when possible, as well as the time and georreferenced data of the capture. Between 2004-2007 data was registered in Excel file and since 2008 data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence. The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling. Bravo, M. A.; Duarte, C. M. & Montes, C. (1994) Environmental factors controlling the life history of Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Cambaridae) in a temporary marsh of the Doñana National Park (SW Spain). January 1994. Limnology 25(4):2450-2453. Romaire, R. P. & Lutz, C. G., 1989 Population dynamics of Procambarus clarkii (Girard) and Procambarus acutus acutus (Girard) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in commercial ponds. Aquaculture 81(3-4):253-274., National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2002-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2004)., 1. Don_biom_red-swamp-crayfish_ev_20230111: eventID, intitutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, eventDate, eventTime, continent, country, stateProvince, location, localityID, locality, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, habitat, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, sampleSizeEffort. 2. Don_ biom_red-swamp-crayfish _occ_20230111: eventID, occurrenceID, occurenceTime, individualCount, basisOfRecord, sex lifestage, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificName, scientificNameAuthorship. 3. Don_ biom_red-swamp-crayfish _mof_20230111: ocurrenceID, measurementID, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementType, measurementAccuracy, measurementMethod., Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] The long-term monitoring of plant cover of Doñana shrublands is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting Terrestrial Vegetation. The general aim of this protocol is to monitor and assess the dynamics of the main dominant terrestrial and aquatic vegetation types of Doñana. For shrublands, percent cover is recorded annually starting from 2008 to the present (2022) by staff of the Monitoring Team by one sampling campaign per year during the flowering season (between March and May) in 21 permanent square plots (15x15m). Cover is measured using the line intercept method in 3 transects of 15 m length oriented from East to West and located at fixed points of 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 metres at both sides of the plot. Using the line-intercept method, the coverage of each species is measured with a measuring tape, including the class age (adult or seedling) and the canopy status (green or dead). This method enables to calculate the percent cover for each species across the transect and for the whole plot, including data on class age and percent of dry and green canopy, additionally to the percent of bare soil, plant density, species richness and vascular plant diversity for every plot., [Methods for processing the data] The data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence. The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling. The raw data was processed with Excel and the percent coverage was calculated and unificated by species, life stage and state., Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Three files are provided and they are related to each other with the variable eventID. The first file (icts-rbd-shrubPlantCover_event_202300207) contains the information of each event (time of occurrence, geographical coordinates, sampling effort, etc…); the second file (icts-rbd-shrubPlantCover_occ_20230207) contains the percentage of plant cover of shrubland species recorded in each site, numbers of individual recorded and taxonomic classification; the third file (icts-rbd-shrubPlantCover_mof_20230207) contains additional information (measurements or facts) of vegetation recorded in each transect, like average vegetation height., The long-term monitoring on plant cover of Doñana shrublands is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting Terrestrial Vegetation. The general aim of this protocol is to monitor and assess the dynamics of the main dominant terrestrial and aquatic vegetation types of Doñana. For shrublands, percent cover is recorded annually starting from 2008 to the present (2022) by staff of the Monitoring Team by one sampling campaign per year during the flowering season (between March and May) in 21 permanent square plots (15x15m). Cover is measured using the line intercept method in 3 transects of 15 m length oriented from East to West and located at fixed points of 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 metres at both sides of the plot. Using the line-intercept method, the coverage of each species is measured with a measuring tape, including the class age (adult or seedling) and the canopy status (green or dead). This method enables to calculate the percent cover for each species across the transect and for the whole plot, including data on class age and percent of dry and green canopy, additionally to the percent of bare soil, plant density, species richness and vascular plant diversity for every plot., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2004-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2008-2022)., 1. icts-rbd-shrubPlantCover_event_20230207: eventID, institutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, collectionCode, eventDate, year, month, day, verbatimEventDate, eventTime, country, continent, countryCode, stateProvince, county, municipality, locality, locationRemarks, verbatimLocation, verbatimElevation, minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, geodeticDatum, samplingProtocol, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, samplingEffort and recordedBy. 2. icts-rbd-shrubPlantCover_occ_20230207: eventID, occurrenceID, collectionCode, occurenceTime, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, basisOfRecord, recordedBy, identifiedBy, scientificName, verbatimScientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, taxonRank, organismQuantity, organismQuantityType, lifeStage and occurrenceRemarks. 3. icts-rbd-shrubPlantCover_mof_20230207: eventID, measurementID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementDeterminedBy, measurementDeterminedDate and measurementMethod., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats Darwing Core. Three files are provided. The first file (icts_small_mam_ev_20230515) contains the information of each event (eventID, event date, geographical coordinates, sample effort, etc…). The eventID code has been built with a abbrevation of the plot, subplot, trap (eventRemarks) and eventDate. The information of the treatments applied in the subplots is included in eventRermarks. The second file (Don_small_mam_occ_20230515) contains the information of the occurrences of individuals recorded in each trap, occurrence remarks, ear tag codes of individual captured and its taxonomic classification. The occurrenceID has built with the eventID code plus a number regarding the number of observations recorded for this event.; and the third file (Don_small_mam_mof_20230515) provide information of individual weight captured in the traps. The measurementID has built with the occurrenceID code plus a number regarding the number of measurements recorded for this occurrence., All the data provided in the dataset by the authors are own data., To record the abundance, density and distribution of small-mammals in Doñana Natural Area, a protocol of capture-mark and recapture monitoring of individuals is applied using Sherman’s live-traps (https://www.semice.org/es/el-proyecto/; Flowerdew et al. 2004, Torre el al., 2018). Seven localities of Doñana (MANECORRO, MATASGORDAS, MEDIANA, MORO, LORO AND SABINAR) of different mediterranean habitats (grassland, shrubland, pine forest, juniper woodlands and oak forest) have been sampled twice per year (between May-Dec) since 2011. Each locality has been divided in plots and subplots respectively: MANECORRO3 (A, B, C, D), MATASGORDAS3 (B, C, D), MATASGORDAS4 (A), MATASGORDAS5 (A), MEDIANA2 (B, C, D), MEDIANA3 (A, C, D), MORO1 (B, D), MORO2 (A, C), LORO1 (A, B, D), LORO2 (A, B, C), LORO4 (B, C, D), LORO6 (A, C, D), SABINAR1 (A), SABINAR2 (A) and SABINAR3 (A). In each subplot has been placed between 36 traps spaced 15 meters apart covering an area of 0.56 ha. The small mammals species captured have been: white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula, black rat Rattus rattus, garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus, algerian mouse Mus spretus and wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus. Traps were installed during the morning and remained active for three consecutive nights. A daily check was made in the morning (a night check is unnecessary since Sherman traps include food, synthetic cotton inside and lined with film to withstand inclement weather). Once captured, individual was identified until species level and sexed when it was posible. Additionally, body mass of indviduals were taken using a pesola with 0.5 g accuracy. To control the recaptures individuals of R. rattus, A. sylvaticus, M. spretus, and E. quercinus were marked with a ear tag. On the other hand, individuals of E. quercinus also was marked with transponder. Individuals of C. russula were marked with hair cut or due to its high metabolism and risk of death was released without performing the procedures at moment. All animals were released in the same place of capture. The trapping method was consistent throughout the study period. The study is divided in two periods (2011-2016 and 2017-2021) with different sampling effort and different treatments applied in the study plots, since the study belong two different projects (ICTS-RBD 2011-2021, LIFE-ADAPTAMED 2017-2021). LORO1 and LORO2 was affected by a wildfire in June of 2017. The different treatments applied in the study area are the followings: 1.- Grazing exclusion using fences. 2.- Planting with protection of heap of branches. 3.- Planting without protection of heap of branches. 4.- Plant with and without protection of heap of branches. 5.- Cutting 60% of vegetation. 6.- Not treatment., We acknowledge financial support from Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2011; the Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2011); the Ministry of Environmetal sustainability and blue economy from the Regional Goverment of Andalusia since 2017 with the LIFE-ADAPTAMED project,; Ministry of Science and Innovation (Recovery, Transformation and Resilence Plan); and the European Comision with the Long-term Ecosystem Research in Europe (eLTER) (a HORIZON funding coordination of the European funding programme for research and innovation) and NextGenerationEU funding., 1.icts-rbd_smallma_ev_20230515: institutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, eventID, year, month, day, eventDate, continent, country, stateProvince, county, locality, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, habitat, eventRemarks, sampleSizeValue, samplingSizeUnit, samplingEffort, samplingProtocol.-- 2. icts-rbd_smallma_occ_20230515: eventID, occurrenceID, occurrenceRemarks, basisOfRecord, individualCount, sex, lifeStage, kingdom, class, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificName, scientificNameAuthorship, dynamicProperties, recordedBy.-- 3. icts-rbd_smallma_mof_20230515: occurrenceID, measurementID, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementType, measurementMethod., Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data]: This dataset includes records of the monitoring of the distribution and relative abundance of the Mediterranean Spur-Thighed Tortoise (Testudo graeca) in Doñana since 2005 as part of the monitoring program of natural resources and processes in Doñana. One of the aims of this project was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data of the distribution and abundance of this species to detect changes and trends in the population within the protected area. The study area is Doñana National Park, south-west of Spain, which is one of the two areas of distribution of this species in the south of Spain. The tortoise population of Doñana has been monitored since 1973 for other research studies (Andreu, A.C., 2000; Díaz-Paniagua, C. et al., 2001). Individuals are usually present along the border of temporal marshes and between dunes with vegetation composed by mediterranean scrub, scattered oaks and pine trees of medium and low cover. The method used to monitor long-term changes throughout time is the transect survey looking for tortoise tracks, which can be easily detected in the sandy substrates up to 3 days if there are good weather conditions (moderate temperatures, absence of rains or strong wind). The transects (n=10) are distributed within the whole study area (see decimal coordinates of the starting and end of the survey in the dataset as “verbatimCoordinate”) and runs along linear sand trails (n=8) across mediterranean vegetation and throughout circular dunes transects (n=2). Transects have different length ranged between 2-10 kms. The length of the transect is established since the beginning of the study, however it may be variable when a section of the trails is inaccessible because of flooding or when it overlaps with the breeding area of a protected bird species. In these cases, alternative sections of the trail are established to complete the survey. In total, approximately 60 kms are sampled in Doñana Natural Area. Surveys are designed to be performed every two years, however we include data for every year only for dunes transects since these transects overlap with those corresponding to annual surveys of lizards and geckos in dunes, which are included in the same monitoring program of natural resources and processes in Doñana. The transects are conducted by members of the monitoring team usually three times by year in spring or two times in spring (March-May) and once in autumn (October), when the active period of the species is optimal. The census is performed from the front part of the car, at 5-8 km/h, which permits a correct identification of the tortoise tracks. However, the transects in dunes are always performed on foot, as there are not car trails. In most censuses performed in 2021 the car was not available and were conducted on foot. The minimum length interval between census is 7 days. At least two days of good weather conditions are needed to perform the surveys (days without rain, strong wind and without night frost) to ensure the activity of the tortoises. Data recorded during the surveys include the number of individual tortoise tracks observed, life stage when a correct identification is possible (adult or juvenile), sex (recorded when the individual is observed during the survey too), as well as length transect, time and georeferenced data of the observation. Other information as weather description: sky conditions, temperature, precipitation and wind conditions. Wind speed is registered according to Beafourt scale where 0: 0-1 km/h, 1: 1-5 km/h, 2: 6-11 km/h, 3: 12-19 km/h, 4: 20-28 km/h, 5: 29 a 38 km/h. Between 2005-2007 data were registered in paper and transfer directly in an Excel file. During this period only the number of the tortoise tracks were recorded but not geographic coordinates information of each track could be taken. Since 2008 data are recorded with the app CyberTracker (see protocol) which allows that all geographic coordinates of the tortoise tracks are recorded. The protocol used has been supervised by herpetological researchers and the data have been validated by the coordinators who have also performed the transects., Dataset are structured following well-established data formats Darwing Core. Three files are provided. The first file (icts-rbd_TesGra_ev_20230710) contains the information of the project, the institution and the description each event (time of occurrence, geographical coordinates, habitat type, etc…). The eventID code has been built with the code of the transect and eventDate. The second file (icts-rbd_TesGra_occ_20230710) contains the information of the occurrences of species recorded in each transect, taxonomic classification or the geographical coordinates of its observation. The occurrenceID has been built with the eventID code plus a number regarding the number of observations recorded for this event. The third file (icts-rbd_TesGra_mof_20230710) provides information of the description of the meteorological variables measured., This dataset includes records of the monitoring of the distribution and relative abundance of the Mediterranean Spur-Thighed Tortoise (Testudo graeca) in Doñana since 2005 as part of the monitoring program of natural resources and processes in Doñana. One of the aims of this project was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data of the distribution and abundance of this species to detect changes and trends in the population within the protected area. The study area is Doñana National Park, south-west of Spain, which is one of the two areas of distribution of this species in the south of Spain. The tortoise population of Doñana has been monitored since 1973 for other research studies (Andreu, A.C., 2000; Díaz-Paniagua, C. et al., 2001). Individuals are usually present along the border of temporal marshes and between dunes with vegetation composed by mediterranean scrub, scattered oaks and pine trees of medium and low cover. The method used to monitor long-term changes throughout time is the transect survey looking for tortoise tracks, which can be easily detected in the sandy substrates up to 3 days if there are good weather conditions (moderate temperatures, absence of rains or strong wind). The transects (n=10) are distributed within the whole study area (see decimal coordinates of the starting and end of the survey in the dataset as “verbatimCoordinate”) and runs along linear sand trails (n=8) across mediterranean vegetation and throughout circular dunes transects (n=2). Transects have different length ranged between 2-10 kms. The length of the transect is established since the beginning of the study, however it may be variable when a section of the trails is inaccessible because of flooding or when it overlaps with the breeding area of a protected bird species. In these cases, alternative sections of the trail are established to complete the survey. In total, approximately 60 kms are sampled in Doñana Natural Area. Surveys are designed to be performed every two years, however we include data for every year only for dunes transects since these transects overlap with those corresponding to annual surveys of lizards and geckos in dunes, which are included in the same monitoring program of natural resources and processes in Doñana. The transects are conducted by members of the monitoring team usually three times by year in spring or two times in spring (March-May) and once in autumn (October), when the active period of the species is optimal. The census is performed from the front part of the car, at 5-8 km/h, which permits a correct identification of the tortoise tracks. However, the transects in dunes are always performed on foot, as there are not car trails. In most censuses performed in 2021 the car was not available and were conducted on foot. The minimum length interval between census is 7 days. At least two days of good weather conditions are needed to perform the surveys (days without rain, strong wind and without night frost) to ensure the activity of the tortoises. Data recorded during the surveys include the number of individual tortoise tracks observed, life stage when a correct identification is possible (adult or juvenile), sex (recorded when the individual is observed during the survey too), as well as length transect, time and georeferenced data of the observation. Other information as weather description: sky conditions, temperature, precipitation and wind conditions. Wind speed is registered according to Beafourt scale where 0: 0-1 km/h, 1: 1-5 km/h, 2: 6-11 km/h, 3: 12-19 km/h, 4: 20-28 km/h, 5: 29 a 38 km/h. Between 2005-2007 data were registered in paper and transfer directly in an Excel file. During this period only the number of the tortoise tracks were recorded but not geographic coordinates information of each track could be taken. Since 2008 data are recorded with the app CyberTracker (see protocol) which allows that all geographic coordinates of the tortoise tracks are recorded. The protocol used has been supervised by herpetological researchers and the data have been validated by the coordinators who have also performed the transects. References: Díaz-Paniagua, C., Claudia Keller and Ana C. Andreu. 2001. Long-term demographic fluctuations of the spur-thighed tortoise Testudo graeca in SW Spain. Ecography 24: 707-721. Copenhagen 2001. Andreu, A. C., C. Díaz-Paniagua y C. Keller. 2000. La tortuga mora (Testudo graeca L.) en Doñana. Edita: Asociación Herpetológica Española. Barcelona. Monografías de Herpetología, Vol. 5: 70 pp., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2002-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resilencia and NextGeneration project EU/PRTR supported by ICT2021-006767 of the MICINN and the European Union since 2019; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since 2005., 1. icts-rbd_TesGra_ev_20230710: institutionID, institutionCode, datasetName, eventID, year, month, day, eventDate, continent, country, stateProvince, county, locality, verbatimCoordinates, eventTime, habitat, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, samplingEffort, samplingProtocol, eventRemarks. 2. icts-rbd_TesGra_occ_20230710: eventID, occurrenceID, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, organismQuantity, organismQuantityType, occurrenceStatus, lifeStage, sex, occurrenceRemarks, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificName, scientificNameAuthorship, taxonRank, dynamicProperties, recordedBy, basisOfRecord. 3. icts-rbd_TesGra_mof_20230710: eventID, measurementID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementAccuracy, measurementMethod., Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] The long-term monitoring of Doñana’s diurnal butterflies is part of a harmonised protocol of the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The general aim of this protocol is to monitor and assess the dynamics of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Doñana. This group of insects is suitable to include in a monitoring protocol, for several reasons: a relative easy identification, it is a good group as bioindicators due to their short life cycle and their high sensitivity to climate, and their relation with plants allow relate their presence with vegetation changes.The monitoring of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) in Doñana, southwestern Spain, was initiated in 2005, but until 2007 the protocol is not well stablished, that is why the temporal range of this dataset start in december of 2007 with one transect. From this first transect, in 2008 the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes applied the BMS methodology to new zones and transects. The principals aims of this protocol were: to inventory all species of diurnal butterflies that inhabits in Doñana, in order to detect the appearance of new species or the local extinction of some populations; and know the dynamics and variations of butterflies populations between years and between months, in order to detect declines in these animal populations. Following the Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (BMS) and Pollard's transects, the data collection is based in walking transect of a determinate distance where the observer must note, count and identify (when is possible also sex) all butterflies that fly in an imaginary cube of 5 meters of side. In the period 2007-2013, the data was collected with the software CyberTracker and all the butterflys occurences have a coordinate associated; but since 2014 the data collection was changed to BMS that is why individuals recorded in this period (2014-2022) did not have a coordinate. The transect was adapted to optimal period of butterflies' day activity, that is three or four hours before and after noon, always with suitable climatic conditions: no rain and/or fog, minimum temperature between 13 on sunny days and 17ºC on cloudly days, maximum temperature below 30 ºC and wind conditions under 5 in Beaufort's scale. In order to know environmental and meteorological variables, temperature, wind conditions (Beaufort's scale) and cloud coverage (eighths of coverage) were measured at initial and final of each transect. The distance of transects varies between 460 and 1170 metres. The time to complete the transects varies depending on the number of individuals observed in each one, but time values are usually between 10 and 75 minutes., Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Three files are provided and they are related to each other with the variable eventID. The first file (icts-rbd-butterfly_ev_20230717) contains the information of each transect (time of occurrence, geographical and topographical information, sampling effort, etc…); the second file (icts-rbd-butterfly_occ_20230717) contains the abundance of each butterfly species recorded in each sampling event, numbers of individual recorded and taxonomic classification; the third file (icts-rbd-butterfly_mof_20230717) contains additional information (measurements or facts) of meteorological information (temperature, wind conditions and cloud coverage) recorded in each sampling event and habitat information of each transect., The data from 2014 to present is accessible in European Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (eBMS) https://butterfly-monitoring.net/, The long-term monitoring of Doñana’s diurnal butterflies is part of a harmonised protocol of the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The general aim of this protocol is to monitor and assess the dynamics of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Doñana (Paz et al., 2014).. This group of insects is suitable to include in a monitoring protocol, for several reasons: a relative easy identification, it is a good group as bioindicators due to their short life cycle and their high sensitivity to climate, and their relation with plants allow relate their presence with vegetation changes. The monitoring of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) in Doñana, southwestern Spain, was initiated in 2005, but until 2007 the protocol is not well stablished, that is why the temporal range of this dataset start in december of 2007 with one transect. From this first transect, in 2008 the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes applied the BMS methodology to new zones and transects. The principals aims of this protocol were: to inventory all species of diurnal butterflies present in Doñana, in order to detect the appearance of new species or the local extinction of some populations; and know the dynamics and variations of butterflies populations between years and between months, in order to detect declines in these animal populations. Following the Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (BMS) and Pollard's transects (Sevilleja et al., 2019), the data collection is based in walking transect of a determinate distance where the observer must note, count and identify (when is possible also sex) all butterflies that fly in an imaginary cube of 5 meters of side. The transects are divided into sections with a different or equal length, that usually correspond to different habitat areas. These sections are related to the EUNIS habitat classification (version 2012) and to SACRE habitat classification. In the period 2007-2013, the data was collected with the software CyberTracker and all the butterflys occurences have a coordinate In the period 2007-2013, the data was collected with the software CyberTracker and all the butterflys occurences have a coordinate associated; but since 2014 the data collection was changed to BMS that is why individuals recorded in this period (2014-2022) did not have a coordinate. The transect was adapted to optimal period of butterflies' day activity, that is three or four hours before and after noon, always with suitable climatic conditions: no rain and/or fog, minimum temperature between 13 on sunny days and 17ºC on cloudly days, maximum temperature below 30 ºC and wind conditions under 5 in Beaufort's scale. In order to know environmental and meteorological variables, temperature, wind conditions (Beaufort's scale) and cloud coverage (eighths of coverage) were measured at initial and final of each transect. The distance of transects varies between 460 and 1170 metres. The time to complete the transects varies depending on the number of individuals observed in each one, but time values are usually between 10 and 75 minutes. References: Paz, D., Román, J y Janss, G. (2014) Protocolo de muestreo 3: Censo de mariposas diurnas (Ropalóceros) mediante transectos fijos en el Espacio Natural de Doñana. Documentos Técnicos del Equipo de Seguimiento de Recursos y Procesos Naturales. ICTS-Reserva Biológica de Doñana. Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC). Sevilleja, C.G., van Swaay, C.A.M., Bourn, N., Collins, S., Settele, J., Warren, M.S., Wynhoff, I. and Roy, D.B. (2019). Butterfly Transect Counts: Manual to monitor butterflies. Report VS2019.016, Butterfly Conservation Europe & De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen. EUNIS Habitat Classification, https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/ Programa SACRE, https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/seguimiento/seguimiento-ecologico/aves.aspx, We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2004-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2007-2022). This monitoring protocol has been assigned to European Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (eBMS) since 2014., Peer reviewed