BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Fig2A_cpDNA_Platycodoneae NEXUS and tre files with the analysis settings used in MrBayes inferred from the concatenated chloroplast dataset (psbJ-petA, trnL-trnF, petB-petD) for the Platycodoneae Fig2B_ITS_platycodoneae NEXUS and tre files with the analysis settings used in MrBayes inferred from the nuclear ribosomal dataset (ITS) for Platycodoneae Fig2C_ITS_4cpdna NEXUS and tre files with the analysis settings used in MrBayes inferred from the combined nuclear and chloroplast dataset (ITS, psbJ-petA, trnL-trnF, petB-petD, trnS-trnG) for Platycodoneae Nested-dating approach analysis Script (.xml) and tre files for the "Nested analyses" of all three linked datasets: Platycodoneae, C. eminii and C. canariensis Nested Analysis.zip Figure S1 Nexus and .tre files for the single-gene analyses of the Platycodoneae dataset. Figure S2 Nexus and .tre files for the single-gene analyses of the Canarina dataset, Transoceanic distributions have attracted the interest of scientists for centuries. Less attention has been paid to the evolutionary origins of ‘continent-wide’ disjunctions, in which related taxa are distributed across isolated regions within the same continent. A prime example is the ‘Rand Flora’ pattern, which shows sister taxa disjunctly distributed in the continental margins of Africa. Here, we explore the evolutionary origins of this pattern using the genus Canarina, with three species: C. canariensis, associated with the Canarian laurisilva, and C. eminii and C. abyssinica, endemic to the Afromontane region in East Africa, as case study. We infer phylogenetic relationships, divergence times and the history of migration events within Canarina using Bayesian inference on a large sample of chloroplast and nuclear sequences. Ecological niche modelling was employed to infer the climatic niche of Canarina through time. Dating was performed with a novel nested approach to solve the problem of using deep time calibration points within a molecular dataset comprising both above-species and population-level sampling. Results show C. abyssinica as sister to a clade formed by disjunct C. eminii and C. canariensis. Miocene divergences were inferred among species, whereas infraspecific divergences fell within the Pleistocene–Holocene periods. Although C. eminii and C. canariensis showed a strong genetic geographic structure, among-population divergences were older in the former than in the latter. Our results suggest that Canarina originated in East Africa and later migrated across North Africa, with vicariance and aridification-driven extinction explaining the 7000 km/7 million year divergence between the Canarian and East African endemics., Peer reviewed

Matrix AFLPs Canarina canariensis Original Matrix of Canarina canariensis AFLPs matriz_595alelos.xlsx cpDNA_Canarina_canariensis NEXUS files for the concatenated cpDNA dataset of Canarina canariensis, Geographical isolation by oceanic barriers and climatic stability has been postulated as some of the main factors driving diversification within volcanic archipelagos. However, few studies have focused on the effect that catastrophic volcanic events have had on patterns of within-island differentiation in geological time. This study employed data from the chloroplast (cpDNA haplotypes) and the nuclear (AFLPs) genomes to examine the patterns of genetic variation in Canarina canariensis, an iconic plant species associated with the endemic laurel forest of the Canary Islands. We found a strong geographical population structure, with a first divergence around 0.8 Ma that has Tenerife as its central axis and divides Canarian populations into eastern and western clades. Genetic diversity was greatest in the geologically stable ‘palaeo-islands’ of Anaga, Teno and Roque del Conde; these areas were also inferred as the ancestral location of migrant alleles towards other disturbed areas within Tenerife or the nearby islands using a Bayesian approach to phylogeographical clustering. Oceanic barriers, in contrast, appear to have played a lesser role in structuring genetic variation, with intra-island levels of genetic diversity larger than those between-islands. We argue that volcanic eruptions and landslides after the merging of the palaeo-islands 3.5 Ma played key roles in generating genetic boundaries within Tenerife, with the palaeo-islands acting as refugia against extinction, and as cradles and sources of genetic diversity to other areas within the archipelago., Peer reviewed