BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Soil fauna play a key role in nutrient cycling and decomposition, and in recent years researchers have become more and more interested in this compartment of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, soil fauna can act as ecosystem engineers by creating, modifying and maintaining the habitat for other organisms. Ecologists usually utilize alive catches in pitfalls traps as a standard method to study the activity of epigeic fauna in addition to relative abundance. Counts in pitfall traps can be used as estimates of relative activity to compare among experimental treatments. This requires taking independent estimates of abundance (e.g.: by sifting soil litter, mark-recapture), which can then be used as covariates in linear models to compare the levels of fauna activity (trap catches) among treatments. However, many studies show that the use of pitfall traps is not the most adequate method to estimate soil fauna relative abundances, and these concerns may be extensible to estimating activity. Here, we present two new types of traps devised to study activity in litter fauna, and which we call “cul-de-sac” and “basket traps” respectively. We experimentally show that, at least for litter dwellers, these new traps are more appropriate to estimate fauna activity than pitfall traps because: 1) Pitfall traps contain 3.5x more humidity than the surrounding environment, potentially attracting animals towards them when environmental conditions are relatively dry, 2) cul-de-sac and basket traps catch ca. 4x more both meso- and macrofauna than pitfall traps, suggesting that pitfall traps are underestimating activity; and 3) pitfall traps show a bias towards collecting 1.5x higher amounts of predators, which suggests that predation rates are higher within pitfall traps. We end with a protocol and recommendations for how to use these new traps in ecological experiments and surveys aiming at estimating soil arthropod activity., This work was funded by grants CGL2010-18602 and CGL2015-66192-R from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (European funds FEDER), 020/2008 Spanish Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales and P12-RNM-1521 from Junta de Andalucía (European funds FEDER), Peer reviewed

The acquired data comprises 2D/3D and 3C components. The acquisition employed 647 seismic receivers, distributed in a 3D mesh around the target and along six 2D crooked lines sampling the study area. The source employed was a 32 t vibroseis truck, operating at c. 900 points in the pathways along the 2D profiles. Each vibration point was used three times, with frequency sweeps of 10-100 Hz., Fair and sustainable production of raw materials is one of the main challenges faced by our society. Through its RawMaterials Programme, the European Institute of Technology (EIT) encourages research and innovation solutions for mineral exploration to make them safer, sustainable and cost-effective. The SIT4ME project, funded by EIT, addresses these objectives by undertaking seismic mineral exploration methods in crystalline tectonic settings, at a reduced cost. The SIT4Me project will analyse the efficiency of passive seismic methods (i.e. ambient noise interferometry) for subsurface imaging, by comparing active- and passive-source datasets in mining areas. The files in this dataset correspond to the controlled-source acquisition., European Institute of Innovation & Technology, Grant number EIT 17024, SIT4ME project, Peer reviewed

This study has been funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grants CGL2010-18602, CGL2015-66192-R and Andalusian grant P12-RNM-1521-EEZA to J.M.L., the European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Nacional de la Promoción de Ciencia y Tecnología (PICT 2016-1780), Argentina to A.T.A. and FPI fellowship (BES-2011-043505) to N.M.R, Dos tablas de datos: Animal abundance y Decomposition data, Peer reviewed

IBERSEIS is a 303 km long deep seismic reflection profile. The transect was recorded in 56 days (from May to July 2001) using a 400 channel SERCEL 388 and five 22 Ton Vibroseis trucks. The asymmetric split spread configuration changed along the profile according to the dips of outcropping structures. To achieve a high resolution at shallow levels and to image steep dips, a 35 m station spacing and a 70 m Vibration Point interval was used with a high fold (60 in average). A relatively long sweep (20 s) was chosen to increase the source energy rather than increasing the number of sweeps per Vibration Point. The migrated and stack dataset derived from this raw data are available in http://hdl.handle.net/10261/220989, IBERSEIS NI: Migrated and stack files: http://dx.doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/12643 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10261/220989, IBERSEIS Normal Incidence (IBERSEIS-NI) is a NE-SW oriented deep seismic reflection profile that provided for the first time a complete section at crustal scale of the Variscan Iberian Massif in the SW of Spain. This seismic profile samples three major tectonic terranes: the South Portuguese Zone, the Ossa-Morena Zone, and the Central Iberian Zone. These terranes show a distinctive seismic signature, as do the sutures separating them. Late strike-slip movements through crustal wedges are apparent in the seismic image and have strongly modified the geometry of sutures. The upper crust appears to be decoupled from the lower crust all along the seismic line, but some deformation has been accommodated at deeper levels. A sill-like structure is imaged in the middle crust as a 1–2 s thick and 175 km long high-amplitude conspicuous reflective band. It is interpreted as a great intrusion of mafic magma in a mid-crustal decollement. Taking into account surface geological data and the revealed crustal architecture, a tectonic evolution is proposed for SW Iberia which includes transpressional collision interacting during Early Carboniferous with a mantle plume. The Moho can be identified along the entire transect as subhorizontal and located at 10 to 11 s, indicating a 30–35 km average crustal thickness. Its seismic signature changes laterally, being very reflective beneath the South Portuguese Zone and the Central Iberian Zone, but discontinuous and diffuse below the Ossa Morena Zone., Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (CICYT-FEDER), 1FD1997-2179/RYEN1.-- Junta de Andalucía.-- ENRESA.-- Swedish Research Council.-- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España.-- Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, BTE2000-0583-C02-01, BTE2000-3035-E, BTE2000-1490-C02-01, Peer reviewed

The wide-angle seismic reflection data set consists of two transects. Transect A coincides with the trace of the IBERSEIS deep seismic reflection profile and transect B is located farther to the SE. The explosive charge was located in a single 20 cm diameter, 50–60-m deep shothole. Explosive shots with charge sizes of 1000, 750 and 500 kg, where distributed along the transect, with the largest charges located at the edges of the profile. 650 digital seismic recorders (590 Texans and 60 3-component Refteks) from IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology) instrument pool where used. These instruments where placed along the 300-km transect A at a 400-m station spacing. For transect B, a denser trace spacing was used. To achieve this, shots were fired twice. The stations were firstly placed at 300–400 m spacing along transect B. Once the shots were fired, the stations were moved 150–200 m toward the north along the profile. All shots were then fired a second time, resulting in shot records with a 150–200 m trace spacing., The IBERSEIS wide-angle seismic reflection dataset consists of two NE-SW oriented transects acquired in the SW of the Iberian Massif. They crossed three major geological zones (South Portuguese Zone, Ossa-Morena Zone, and Central Iberian Zone), with their tectonic contacts and the Pyrite Belt being of greatest interest. The velocity models obtained by forward modeling show a complex crust, especially in the middle crust. The velocity models are the most detailed ones that have been produced in the area and contain a large amount of new features that are relevant to the understanding of the composition of the crust and upper mantle beneath the zone., Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, CGL2004-04623, CSD2006-00041.-- Generalitat de Catalunya.-- Junta de Andalucía.--, Peer reviewed

The ALCUDIA transect is a 230 km long, vertical incidence deep seismic reflection profile acquired in 2007. The acquisition parameters, 35 m station spacing, 70 m Vibration Point spacing resulted in a 60-90 fold high resolution seismic reflection image. A 20 s long Vibroseis sweep with frequencies between 8-80 Hz was recorded by a 400 station recording cable and 14 km long split spread configuration., ALCUDIA Normal Incidence (ALCUDIA-NI) is a NE-SW oriented vertical incidence deep seismic reflection transect in the SW of Spain that aimed to image the Variscan Iberian Massif. This transect sampled the Central Iberian Zone and was designed to be the northward continuation of the IBERSEIS-NI seismic profile. The processed image shows a weakly reflective upper crust, a thick, highly reflective and laminated lower crust, and a flat Moho located at 10 s TWTT (30 km depth). The transect can be divided into three segments with different structural styles in the lower crust. In the central segment, the lower crust is imaged by regular, horizontal and parallel reflectors, whereas in the northern and southern segments it displays oblique reflectors interpreted as an important thrust (north) and tectonic wedging involving the mantle (south). The ALCUDIA-NI shows that in an intracontinental orogenic crust, far from the suture zones, the upper and lower crust may react differently to shortening in different sectors, which is taken as evidence for decoupling. The interpreted structures, as deduced from surface geology and the seismic image, show that deformation was distributed homogeneously in the upper crust, whereas it was concentrated in wedge/thrust structures at specific sectors in the lower crust., Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, CGL2004-04623/BTE, CSD2006-00041.-- Ministerio de economía y competitividad, CGL2007-63101/BTE.-- Ministerio de economía y competitividad; Fondos Europeos de desarrollo regional (FEDER), CGL2011-24101.-- Junta de Castilla-La Mancha.--, Peer reviewed

The acquisition design included three lines of receivers, having a total length of ca. 350 km. The main line, ALCUDIA-WA, is ca. 310 km long strikes NE-SW to NNE-SSW, it is approximately perpendicular to the structural grain. A 40 km long line of receivers that trends NNW-SSE was deployed perpendicular to the Central System (CS) mountain range. Over 900 TEXANS (single component, digital recording seismic station) from the IRIS-PASSCAL Instrument Pool were deployed from the northern boundary of the Ossa-Morena Zone to the alpine thrust representing the southern boundary of the CS. The entire ALCUDIA-WA survey had a nominal shot and receiver spacing of 70 km and 400m, respectively. Five explosive sources, each one consisting in 1 TM of explosive, were placed in ~55m deep single boreholes, providing a signal rich in high frequencies resulting in shot records characterized by high signal-to-noise ratio. For this reason, these data can be qualified as a high-resolution wide-angle data set., The high-resolution, wide-angle seismic reflection experiment, ALCUDIA-WA, was acquired in 2012 across central Iberia, aiming to constrain the lithospheric structure and resolve the physical properties of the crust and upper mantle. The seismic transect, ca. 310 km long, crossed the Central Iberian Zone from its suture with the Ossa Morena Zone to the southern limit of the Central System mountain range., Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, CGL2004-04623/BTE, CGL2007-63101/BTE, CGL2011-24101, CSD2006-00041.--, Peer reviewed

This study was supported by the Office of Secretary of Public Education of Mexico through the program Further Education Programme for Teachers (UNICACH-110). Further support was provided by the Spanish Research Agency (grant CGL2017-84515-R to FIP and grant CGL2015-66192-R to JML). We thank the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Nature Park for support during field work (permit: 2016-101-657)., UV radiation UV radiation exposition with two levels: UV+ and UV- Biocides Exposition of biocides with two levels: biocides+ and biocides- Species Identity Leaf litter species identity with three levels: S. tenacissima, C. humilis and R. sphaerocarpa Mixtures Plant diversity treatments with four levels (three monospecific plus the mixture) Isopods Isopod presence with two levels: Isopods+ and Isopods- Mortality Total number of dead isopods after 80 days of experiment w_inic Litter initial dry weight (g) w_uv Litter mass after 200 days of UV exposition during the first stage of the experiment; dry weight (g) w_iso Litter mass after 80 days of exposition to isopods during second stage of the experiment; dry weight (g), Peer reviewed

Litter decomposition in field experiment. A total of 280 mesocosms were settled under and away of 20 individuals of Z. lotus. The litter boxes thus contained either one single species of litter (20 litter boxes for each species and position treatment), 2-sp mixtures (20 litter boxes for each 2-species combination and position treatment) or 3-sp mixtures (20 litter boxes with the 3-species mixture and position treatment)., This study was supported by the Office of Secretary of Public Education of Mexico though the program Further Education Programme for Teachers (UNICACH-110). Further support was provided by the Spanish Research Agency (grant CGL2017-84515-R to FIP and grant CGL2015-66192-R to JML). We thank the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Nature Park for support during field work (permit: 2016-101-657)., Date Date of collection (1 - 07/13/2017, 2 - 01/13/2018, 3 -08/30/2018) Plant Plant (Ziziphus lotus fertility island) ID utmx Geographic Longitude for each plant utmy Geographic Latitude for each plant Box Mesocosm ID Island Location of the mesocosm (Away or Under shrub) Mixtures Litter plant diversity (species richness 1, 2, 3) Species Identity of the litter plant species with three levels: S. tenacissima, C. humilis and R. sphaerocarpa w_inic Litter initial dry mass (g) w_end Litter dry mass (g) after 184, 367 and 597 days in the field, Peer reviewed

Litter decomposition in field experiment. A total of 280 mesocosms were settled under and away of 20 individuals of Z. lotus. The litter boxes thus contained either one single species of litter (20 litter boxes for each species and position treatment), 2-sp mixtures (20 litter boxes for each 2-species combination and position treatment) or 3-sp mixtures (20 litter boxes with the 3-species mixture and position treatment)., This study was supported by the Office of Secretary of Public Education of Mexico though the program Further Education Programme for Teachers (UNICACH-110). Further support was provided by the Spanish Research Agency (grant CGL2017-84515-R to FIP and grant CGL2015-66192-R to JML). We thank the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Nature Park for support during field work (permit: 2016-101-657)., Date Date of collection (1 - 07/13/2017, 2 - 01/13/2018, 3 -08/30/2018) Plant Plant (Ziziphus lotus fertility island) ID utmx Geographic Longitude for each plant utmy Geographic Latitude for each plant Box Mesocosm ID Island Location of the mesocosm (Away or Under shrub) Mixtures Litter plant diversity (species richness 1, 2, 3) Species Identity of the litter plant species with three levels: S. tenacissima, C. humilis and R. sphaerocarpa Predators Abundance of predators Decomposers Abundance of detritivores, Peer reviewed