BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Todos los años, a partir de la última semana de abril, se visitaron las cajas nido una vez por semana hasta que se detectó la puesta de huevos. Tras de la eclosión de los huevos, se visitaron los nidos semanalmente para registrar los parámetros reproductivos. La captura de adultos para este estudio se realizó a mano, mientras dormía en el nido en el caso de las hembras y, en el caso de los machos, con trampas para nidos cuando llevan alimento para los pollos. Todos los individuos se marcaron con anillas metálicas y fueron sexados según la placa de incubación (solo presente en hembras). Además, tras la captura, se fotografió a todos los adultos para la asignación de color, se extrajeron muestras de sangre y se recogieron plumas para evaluar el perfil de corticosterona y se midió la tasa de respiraciones por minuto. Además se midió la territorialidad de los machos como el tiempo que tardaron en responder al canto de otro macho en su territorio, así como la duración de esta respuesta. Para ello se emitieron cantos de machos adultos en el entorno del nido. En el caso de las hembras, se grabó su comportamiento de respuesta frente al investigador al visitarlas en el nido. Adicionalmente, se realizaron grabaciones internas en todos los nidos durante el periodo nidícola de los pollos, de las que se extrajeron datos sobre el tiempo de latencia en retornar al nido de ambos progenitores y las tasas de cebas aportadas al nido., This work was founded by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness by the projects CGL2008-00718, CGL2011-27561, CGL2014-56769-P and CGL2017-83503-P. ACM was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2015-074948). DP was supported by the government of Extremadura (TA13002)., Parental care data; Behavioural traits and corticosterone levels data, Peer reviewed

The study was funded by the Spanish Ministries of Education and Science/FEDER and of Economy and Competitiveness, respectively, through the projects CGL2011-27561/BOS, CGL2014-56769-P and CGL2017-83503-P and by the Government of Extremadura through the contract TA13002 to D.P., Nest_ID Nest identification Treatment Experimental treatment applied to each nest Year Year of study Analysis_Nest Variable indicating data to analyse data per nest because each row represents a chick Laying date Laying date of the first egg within each nest Clutch size Total number of eggs in a clutch No. of fledglings No. of chicks that fledged per nest Predation_nest Variable showing whether a nest were predated (1) or not (0) Chick_ID Chick identification Fledging_weight Weight of chicks just before fledging Mean_fledgling_weight Mean weight of fledglings per nest Fledgling_NAbs Nabs level of each chick Mean_Nabs_fledglings Mean Nab level of chicks per nest Fledgling_success Variable showing whether a chick fledged (1) or not (0) Female_ID Female identification Female_color Female color as brownish (1) versus greyish (0) Male_ID Male identification Male_color Male color as brownish (1) versus greyish (0), Peer reviewed

Social information use has well-known fitness benefits. However, causes underlying the apparent inter-individual variability in the propensity to use social information are poorly studied. Melanins are pigments responsible for most of intra-specific color variation in vertebrates and their variation is often associated with changes in behaviour. Here, we explored whether melanism is related to individual propensity to use social information in the color polymorphic scops owl Otus scops. We manipulated social information on predation risk at nests by broadcasting calls of the sympatric little owl Athene noctua and found that owlets of brownish females exposed to alarm calls had lower levels of natural antibodies than those of greyish females. In parallel, we found changes in parental behaviour contingent on coloration because when exposed to the risky treatment brownish females returned earlier to nests than greyish females and owlets raised by brownish females were fed with smaller prey than those raised by greyish ones. These results provide support for a previous ignored role of melanins on the propensity to use social information, which may help to explain the maintenance of melanin-based color polymorphisms wherever social environments are variable., The study was funded by the Spanish Ministries of Education and Science/FEDER and of Economy and Competitiveness, respectively, through the projects CGL2011-27561/BOS, CGL2014-56769-P and CGL2017-83503-P and by the Government of Extremadura through the contract TA13002 to D.P., Nest_ID Nest identification Treatment Experimental treatment applied to each nest Year Year of study Laying date Laying date of the first egg within each nest Pre-treatment recording time Recording time before the application of the treatment to calculate provisioning rate During-treatment recording time Recording time during the application of the treatment to calculate provisioning rate Pre-treatment male latency Time elapsed from the onset of filming before treatment until the male returned to its normal activities During-treatment male latency Time elapsed from the onset of filming during treatment until the male returned to its normal activities Change in male latency Difference in male latency between during- and pre-treatment periods Pre-treatment female latency Time elapsed from the onset of filming before treatment until the female returned to its normal activities During-treatment female latency Time elapsed from the onset of filming during treatment until the female returned to its normal activities Change in female latency Difference in female latency between during- and pre-treatment periods Pre-treatment female provisioning rate Female provisioning rate during the pre-treatment period During-treatment female provisioning rate Female provisioning rate during the treatment Change in female provisioning rate Difference in female provisioning rate between during- and pre-treatment periods Pre-treatment male provisioning rate Male provisioning rate during the pre-treatment period During-treatment male provisioning rate Male provisioning rate during the treatment Change in male provisioning rate Difference in male provisioning rate between during- and pre-treatment periods Pre-treatment prey size Size of the provisioned prey (separated by commas) during the pre-treatment period Pre-treatment mean prey size Mean size of all the provisioned prey during the pre-treatment period During-treatment prey size Size of the provisioned prey (separated by commas) during treatment During-treatment mean prey size Mean size of all the provisioned prey during the treatment Change in prey size Difference in mean prey size between during- and pre-treatment periods Female_ID Female identification Female_color Female color as brownish (1) versus greyish (0) Male_ID Male identification Male_color Male color as brownish (1) versus greyish (0), Peer reviewed