BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

This dataset corresponds to the model made from the EGS project of Basel (2006, Switzerland). The model solves the coupled hydro-mechanical problem for a 2D fault network on a surface of 1 km2, located at 4630-m deep coinciding with the injection depth in the crystalline basement at Basel. A set of faults is embedded in a rock matrix, with the fault network derived from the induced seismicity that was monitored in the range of 3750 and 4750-m deep. The maximum principal stress S_Hmax is aligned with y-axis (S_Hmax=160 MPa, S_hmin=84 MPa, S_v=115 MPa). The hydrostatic pressure is set at 45 MPa following a hydrostatic profile and the temperature at the depth of the reservoir is set at 190°C. Stimulation parameters are inputs as wellhead pressure based on the injection strategy from Häring et al. (2008). The injection fluid is water. This dataset includes the following files: - “ .gid” is the Code_Bright file with the model of Basel. The file “_gen.dat” contains the input data of the model (including material properties, initial and boundary conditions and the time intervals). The file “_gri.dat” includes the information on the mesh. The “root.dat” includes the name of the model. To run simulations, execute the Code_Bright executable “Cb_2020_21.exe” in a folder that contains the three input files and the executable.  V13_C_elastic.gid corresponds to the model in which the faults have an elastic behavior.  V13_C_F245_D5_P1.gid corresponds to the model in which the faults have an viscoplastic behavior, and fault C has a slip weakening of 5°. - “Deichmann_et_al_2014_cluster.txt” is the file proposed by Deichmann et al. (2014). Seismic events are sorted by clusters, in function of the location and focal mechanisms., Peer reviewed

This dataset corresponds to the model made based on the EGS project of Basel (2006, Switzerland). The model is solving coupled hydro-mechanical problem for isotropic and heterogeneous 2D models on a surface of 16 km2, located at 4630-meters depth coinciding with the injection depth in the crystalline basement at Basel. The heterogeneous domain is crossed by a fault zone with a length of 1200 meters and a width of 30 meters, oriented at 20° from the maximum horizontal stress. The maximum principal stress S_Hmax is aligned with y-axis (SHmax=160 MPa, Shmin=84 MPa, Sv=115 MPa). The hydrostatic pressure is set at 45 MPa following a hydrostatic profile and the temperature at the depth of the reservoir is set at 190°C. Stimulation parameters are inputs as wellhead pressure based on the injection strategy from Häring et al. (2008), injection fluid is water. - “ .gid” is the Code_Bright folder with the model of Basel. The file “_gen.dat” contains the input data of the model (including material properties, initial and boundary conditions and the time intervals). The file “_gri.dat” includes the information on the mesh. The “root.dat” includes the name of the model. To run simulations, execute the Code_Bright executable “Cb_2020_21.exe” in a folder that contains the three input files and the executable.  V13_isotropic.gid corresponds to the model with isotropic domain.  V13_inclined.gid corresponds to the model with the domain crossed by the fault zone., Peer reviewed

Urban aquifers are a valuable resource of freshwater for cities, however, their quality is degraded due to the presence of organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The effects of organic CECs are largely unknown, but there is evidence that they pose a risk for human health, soil, plants and animals. Organic CECs are naturally degraded in aquifers and their degradation rates depend on the physico-chemical properties, i.e., redox conditions and groundwater temperature. Some anthropogenic activities, like low-enthalpy geothermal energy (LEGE), may modify subsurface physico-chemical conditions altering the behaviour of organic CECs. LEGE is a renewable and carbon-free energy that allows obtaining cooling and heating energy. The utilization of LEGE is currently growing and it is expected that in a near future the density of LEGE systems will increase. LEGE modifies the groundwater temperature and in some situations the redox state (i.e., if the dissolved oxygen increases when groundwater is returned to the aquifer as a result of a poorly design), thus, it is of paramount importance to determine the impact of LEGE related activities on the behaviour of organic CECs. The behaviour of organic CECs under the influence of LEGE is investigated by means of thermo-hydro-chemical numerical modelling. Simulation output shows that LEGE activities have the potential to modify the degradation rates of organic CECs, and thus, their concentrations in aquifers. In the simulated scenario, the concentration of the chosen CEC decreases by the 77 % at the downgradient boundary of the model. The results of this study have significant implications for predicting the behaviour of organic CECs in urban aquifers and suggest specific changes in the design of LEGE facilities aiming to improve the quality of urban groundwater by boosting in-situ attenuation mechanisms., Data relative to the results and input files used for the paper "Influence of shallow geothermal energy on the behaviour of organic contaminants of emerging concern in urban aquifers", Peer reviewed

The database and its accompanying files are as follows: GEoREST_database_Readme (.txt): provides an overview of the database goals and content, sharing/accessing information and methodologies used to develop the database. GEoREST_induced_seismicity_database_v20.11.2022 (.xlsx): database in a single Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. GEoREST_induced_seismicity_database_v20.11.2022 (.csv): database in ‎.csv format, considered as a standard machine-readable format for direct implementation of data in model developments. GEoREST_database_bibliography_v20.11.2022 (.docx): provides the full list of references used to collect data included in the database. GEoREST_database_dictionary_v20.11.2022 (.docx): presents unified, self-explanatory acronyms together with concise definitions for all variables included in the database., We present a comprehensive, publicly accessible database of injection-induced seismicity. The database is sourced from a comprehensive review of more than 500 published documents and contains information for 158 cases of induced earthquakes from around the world. The collected earthquakes are associated with a variety of geoenergy applications, which can be broadly categorized into geologic gas storage, geothermal energy development, shale gas fracturing, research projects and wastewater disposal. The compilation comprises more than 70 variables, including general project information, host rock properties, ‎in situ site characteristics, fault attributes, operational parameters, and recorded seismicity data (both overall seismic activities and the largest event sequence). The developed database opens up opportunities for improved understanding of the causative mechanisms of injection-induced seismicity and advancing on seismic hazard forecasting and mitigation., This research is funded by (1) the European Research Council (ERC) under ‎the ‎‎European Union’s Horizon ‎‎2020 Research and Innovation Program through the ‎Starting Grant ‎‎GEoREST (www.georest.eu) under Grant ‎agreement No. 801809, (2) MCIN/AEI/‎‎10.13039/501100011033 and the ‎European ‎Union ‎NextGenerationEU/PRTR through the international collaboration project EASYGEOCARBON ‎‎‎‎(www.easygeocarbon.com) under Grant ‎agreement No. PCI2021-122077-2B, (3) the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation ‎Programme through the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action ARMISTICE (www.armistice-energy.eu) under grant â €Žagreement No. 882733. (4) the Secretariat for Universities and ‎Research of the Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia (AGAUR) and the European ‎Social Fund (FI-2019), (5) MCIN/AEI/ ‎‎10.13039/501100011033‎ through the Excellence Servero Ochoa (IDAEA-CSIC) under Grant agreement No. ‎CEX2018-000794-S, Peer reviewed

The code contains a MATLAB m.file, named “GridBasedPorosityReconstruction.m”, to reconstruct a 3D grid-based porosity map for centimeter-scale rock cores. The code reads binarized cross-section CT images collected along the core length (examples from a limestone core (Fig. 1) are provided in the accompanying file “IMG.zip”) as well as the number and size of grid blocks for domain discretization as inputs. The code first correlates the pixel domain with the arbitrarily-sized grid blocks in each image and then calculates the porosity for all cells. It enables shifting the average rock porosity by a certain value (e.g. the difference between average CT and effective rock porosities) by randomly distributing pores on different CT images. An explicit permeability-porosity relationship is used to build a grid-based permeability map from that of porosity across the core. The code plots 2D and 3D distribution maps of rock porosity and exports the derived data in Excel files. The data can be used in reactive transport modeling (e.g. CrunchFlow code (Steefel et al., 2015; Comput. Geosci. 19, 445–478)). Detailed explanations of the performed calculations are provided as stepwise comments in the m.file to allow the user to set modifications so as to obtain, for example, the distribution maps of any other rock characteristics (e.g., elastic, thermal, and electromagnetic constants) related to porosity., Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] Programing the developed analytical solution in Python. [Methods for processing the data] Analytical solution., Quick estimates of fluid-induced subsurface deformation are helpful to assess the land uplift/subsidence and to reveal precursors of induced seismicity. In this dataset, we present the programing codes of a closed-form solution for displacement, especially the ground displacement, induced by reservoir pressurization or depletion. The solution consider a compartmentalized reservoir crossed by a fault that can be offset and either transversely permeable or impermeable. With this solution, the programing codes display (1) the verification against the existing solutions, (2) the induced displacement in a zone of interest for both permeable and impermeable faults, (3) the ground displacement distribution under various fault and reservoir geometries, and (4) the comparison between the solution in a half space and in a full space. All the evaluated results are shown in a scaled form, which generalizes the problem and the results with respect to hydro-mechanical parameters. These codes establish a useful tool for estimating ground deformation, for gaining insights of reservoir and fault geometries by analyzing surface deformation patterns, and for managing the risk of induced seismicity., Peer reviewed

[Date of data collection] Feb. 2020 for field data and Jan. 2022- Jan. 2023 for numerical models., This dataset includes the input files of the numerical models used in the manuscript for simulating the hydraulic stimulation at the Bedretto lab. Each folder is named after the corresponding model in the manuscript, i.e., EP (Elastic Prescribed), EE (Elastic Embedded), and VE (Viscoplastic Embedded). In each folder, there is a file with the name of the folder ended as “_gen.dat” which contains the input data of the model, including material properties, initial and boundary conditions and the time intervals. There is also a file ended as “_gri.dat” that includes the information on the mesh. The file “root.dat” includes the name of the model. The file ended as “_bcf.dat” contains injection rate input., European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Starting Grant GEoREST (www.georest.eu), under grant agreement No. 801809. Swiss Federal Office of Energy within the framework of the ZoDrEx GEOTHERMICA project under contract SI/501720-01. European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Marie Sklowdowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ARMISTICE, under Grant Agreement No. 882733. The “ZoDrEx” project, which has been subsidized through the ERANET Cofund GEOTHERMICA (Project No. 731117), from the European Commission and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO). IMEDEA is an accredited "Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit" (Grant CEX2021-001198, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001198)., 1-EP_bcf.dat 1-EP_gen.dat 1-EP_gri.dat root.dat 2-EE_bcf.dat 2-EE_gen.dat 2-EE_gri.dat root.dat 3-VE_bcf.dat 3-VE_gen.dat 3-VE_gri.dat root.dat 3-VE-Extended_bcf.dat 3-VE-Extended_gen.dat 3-VE-Extended_gri.dat root.dat, Peer reviewed

This dataset includes the input files of the numerical models used in the manuscript for simulating the hydraulic stimulation in Enhanced Geothermal System with a single fracture setup. Each folder is named after the corresponding injection protocol in the manuscript, i.e., Constant, Step, and Cyclic. In each of these folders, there are two subfolders namely- Without Bleedoff and With Bleedoff. In the subfolders, the file ending with “_gen.dat” contains the input data of the model, including material properties, initial and boundary conditions and the time intervals. There is also a file ending with “_gri.dat” that includes the information on the mesh. The file “root.dat” includes the name of the model., European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Starting Grant GEoREST (www.georest.eu), under grant agreement No. 801809. European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Marie Sklowdowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ARMISTICE, under Grant Agreement No. 882733. IMEDEA is an accredited "Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit" (Grant CEX2021-001198, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (Grant CEX2021-001198)., README.txt (this file) Constant_0p3_gen.dat Constant_0p3_gri.dat root.dat Constant_0p3_bleedoff_gen.dat Constant_0p3_bleedoff_gri.dat root.dat Step_0p3_gen.dat Step_0p3_gri.dat root.dat Step_0p3_bleedoff_gen.dat Step_0p3_bleedoff_gri.dat root.dat Cyclic_0p3_gen.dat Cyclic_0p3_gri.dat root.dat Cyclic_0p3_bleedoff_gen.dat Cyclic_0p3_bleedoff_gri.dat root.dat, Peer reviewed

14 pages. -- A1. Synthetic approach. -- A1.1. General description. -- A1.2. Numerical approach. -- A1.3. GWHP scenarios. -- A1.4. Results. -- A1.4.1. Concentration and groundwater temperature across the aquifer. -- A1.4.2. Evolution of concentration and groundwater temperature on the downgradient boundary. -- Appendix B. -- B1. Sensitivity analysis. -- B1.1. Hydraulic conductivity. -- Appendix C. Concentration of OCECs reported at the study site is shown in the two plots of Figure C1., Peer reviewed

This dataset encompasses the input files associated with diverse analytical and numerical models investigating cyclic pressure diffusion within uniform poroelastic materials. The dataset is organized into two primary folders. The "Analytical Solutions" folder comprises three Python libraries containing the material properties and functions for calculating pressure amplitude at various distances. The "Numerical Solutions" folder contains simulations for both Hydraulic ("01_") and Hydro-Mechanical ("HM_") problems. The simulations are conducted for representative values corresponding to Berea sandstone ("BS_"), Opalinus Clay ("OPA_"), and Westerly granite ("WG_"), considering both monodimensional ("1D") and axisymmetric ("Ax") cases. Within each subfolder, files with the suffix "_gen.dat" provide input data for the model, encompassing material properties, initial and boundary conditions, and time intervals. Correspondingly, files concluding with "_gri.dat" contain information of the mesh employed. The "_bfc.dat" file documents the periodic injection pressure applied for each simulation, while the "root.dat" file specifies the model's nomenclature. To execute a model, launching the executable "Cb_v9_1_3par4.exe" within each ".gid" folder is sufficient., European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Starting Grant GEoREST (www.georest.eu), under grant agreement No. 801809. IMEDEA is an accredited "Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit" (Grant CEX2021-001198, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001198)., File List: README.txt (this file) \Analytical Solutions\CyclicDiffusion.py \Analytical Solutions\CyclicDiffusion_Adimensional.py \Analytical Solutions\Materials.py \Numerical Solutions\01_BS_1D_g0_1yr.gid \Numerical Solutions\01_BS_Ax_g0_1yr.gid \Numerical Solutions\01_OPA_1D_g0_1w.gid \Numerical Solutions\01_OPA_Ax_g0_1w.gid \Numerical Solutions\01_WG_1D.gid \Numerical Solutions\01_WG_Ax.gid \Numerical Solutions\HM_BS_1D_g0_1yr.gid \Numerical Solutions\HM_BS_Ax_g0_1yr.gid \Numerical Solutions\HM_OPA_1D_g0_1w.gid \Numerical Solutions\HM_OPA_Ax_g0_1w.gid \Numerical Solutions\HM_WG_1D.gid \Numerical Solutions\HM_WG_Ax.gid \Numerical Solutions\Cb_v9_1_3par4.exe, Peer reviewed