BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

E-DOVETAIL Cruise (29HE19980210) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, The oceanographic campaign E-DOVETAIL (HE47) carried out by BIO Hesperides in January-February 1998 is part of the international project "Deep Ocean Ventilation Through Antartic Intermediate Layers (DEVOTAIL)". The general purpose of the project is to study the distribution of the intermediate water masses formed in the Wedell Sea to the ventilation of the planet's abyssal depths and how this export is carried out through the Wedell-Scotia Confluence. Specific objectives: 1) Determine the quantity and physical-chemical characteristics of the Wedell Sea water that act as a source for the Wedell confluence -Scotia. 2) Observe and describe the dominant physical processes associated with subsidence and scattering of dense Antarctic waters at the Wedell-Scotia confluence. 3) Estimate the rate of ventilation of the global ocean through the Wedell-Scotia Confluence. 4) Estimate the variability of hydraulic transport and hydrographic structure in the study area, and establish its possible influence on oceanic ventilation rates. 5) Study of the distribution of phytoplanktonic communities in frontal zones. Characterization and estimation of the distribution of photosynthetic pigments by liquid chromatography. Estimation of phytoplankton abundance by microscopic counts and flow cytometry. 6) Study of the presence, distribution, the specific composition of the meso- and macrozzoplankton in relation to the water masses. Analysis of the association of the different existing groups, depth changes and nictimersal migrations. Studies of growth, physiology and trophic relationships of fish larvae, 7) Study of the distribution and remineralization of dissolved organic carbon (COD) and particulate organic carbon (COP) in the water column, and the influence of formed water in the Wedell Sea in the COD transport. 8) Performing metabolism experiments (production and respiration) in fotoplankton by incubations on board in situ. Calculation of photosynthetic and respiratory quotients, and COD exudation rates

MATER-1 Cruise (29HE19980420) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, The oceanographic campaign MATER -1 is part of the Mediterranean project Mediterranean Targeted Project II - Mass Transfer and Ecosystem Reponse. This project considers one of the areas of greatest interest of the Mediterranean oceanography, the Alboran Sea. The objectives of the campaign are the multidisciplinary and high resolution study, both temporal and spatial. This campaign is the main core of the experiment on high frequency flows (High Frequency Flux Experiment, HFFE Alborán). The interactions between the mesoscale hydrological structures and the presence of gyres in Atlantic waters associated with strong gradients between the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters produce the appearance of areas of high relative productivity. The biogeochemical characterization, from the surface to the benthic layers, of these zones with a resolution of days weeks will allow us to observe the relationships between the pelagic systems, the flows of matter and the bentonic response to them

MATER-2 Cruise (29HE19980518) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, Mass Transfer and Ecosystem Response (MATER). MATER is a project involving 50 research teams from 15 European countries. Through extensive experimental work and physical and ecological modeling, MATER addresses the comprehensive study of the Mediterranean with the following global objectives: -To study and quantify the processes that trigger and control the transfer of mass and energy between the different compartments of the Mediterranean system, and in different environments.- To evaluate the temporal and spatial scales of phenomena in certain structures and regions of the Mediterranean.- To investigate the ecosystem response to these transfers and their evolution over time

AZORES-1 Cruise (29HE19980727) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, Canarias Azores Gibraltar Observations (CANIGO). The Azores Current (AC) is one of the most important flows towards the Eastern Boundary of the North Atlantic, feeds the coastal upwelling of NW Africa and the Western Iberian Peninsula. This current flows east-southeast (110º) between 33-36 º N. The general objective of the cruise is to quantify the transport of salt, heat, nutrients, inorganic and organic carbon (dissolved and particulate), and to study its biological and optical implications, from the area formation of the AC close to Middle Alantic Ridge, to its dispersion and weakening in the Canary -Madeira region. The specific objectives: 1) To characterise the main physical features. Descripction and quantification of the flow associate to the AC, its counterflows and cold and warm ediies. 2) To mesure the vertical and horizontal transport of carbon and nutrients. Evaluatio of vertical carbon flux by sediment traps and the carbon dioxide air-sea exchange by measuring the sea surface atmospheric CO2 partial pressure. 3) To chemically characterise water masses, specially those transported by the AC and the Mediterranean water . It will allow to estimate the anthropogenic CO2 retained by water massess during ventilation processes. 4) To determine the spatial variability of phytoplankton ohotosynthetic parameters and ots relation with the natural light spectra. 5) To determinate the optical properties of the water column in the AC and its hydrological structures in relation to the chemical compounds and the plankton comnposition and activity. 6) To determine the bacteria activity and its influence on the remineralisation of organic matter. 7) To evaluate the importance of zooplankton migration as active transport of particulate matter below the photic zone as well as its contribution to tal carbon export to deep layers

ZEE-1998 Cruise (29HE19980908) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, 1998 Exclusive Economic Zone cruise. Hydrographic-Oceanographic Research Plan of the Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone

DHARMA Cruise (29HE19981206) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, Diversity, heterotrophy, autotrophy and relationships between Antarctic organisms (DHARMA). The main objectives of the campaign are: 1) To obtain a database with modern techniques that allow us to build more precise predictive models on the abundance and activity of the microbial plankton. 2) Occupy the WOCE SR 1b transect. 3) Analyze the diversity of microbial communities, especially bacteria, through multiple molecular techniques. 4) Analyze the effects of temperature on the different activities of the microbial planctob: incorporation of CO2, bacteriovoria, enzymatic activities, photosynthate excretion, bacterial production. During the campaign several moorings have been collected from other projects

TIC-MOC Cruise (29HE20150305) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2015, TIC-MOC Tipping Corners in the Meridional Overturning Circulation. The principal objective of the cruise is to characterize the dynamics of the encountering of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region. Specific objectives include the characterization of the water masses arriving to the confluence region, the description of the transformations experienced by these water masses , the definition of the frontal systems, the computation of water and property balances, and a description of the principal biogeochemical processes. During the TIC-MOC cruise we will make several stops at specific points (hydrographic stations) to collect data that will allow us to characterize this frontal system. In the hydrographic stations, measurements of physicochemical parameters (speed, temperature, salinity, and turbidity, all depending on the pressure) and biogeochemical (fluorescence, nutrients and dissolved oxygen) will be made. To do this, a rosette will be lowered to the bottom for taking samples of water at 24 depths, together with a CTD (measurements with high vertical resolution of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and turbidity) and LADCP (measurements of the velocity of the Water). The samples of water that we will collect will be used for the determination of inorganic nutrients, microbial respiration, carbon and particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen, particulate and total organic phosphorus

MAFIA Cruise (29HE20150403) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2015, Migrants and Active Flux In the Atlantic Ocean-MAFIA. In the ocean there is a set of organisms that perform vertical migrations, with daily periodicity. These are organisms of zooplankton and micronecton (mainly small fish and crustaceans), which during the hours of light occupy the dark region of the ocean and at night migrate to the layers closest to the surface. These animals play a very important role in marine trophic chains, since they are the food of large migrating fish, birds and marine mammals. Its role in the oceanic carbon flux is just what we have been studying in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.The main objective of the Project is to estimate the active flux in warm waters with a global perspective. We propose two cruises during winter-spring and autumn covering the subtropical, tropical and equatorial zones of the Atlantic Ocean . Fifteen oceanographic stations will be performed along a transect from the Canary Islands to the equivalent latitude in the South Atlantic Ocean. Oceanographic features will be studied thought CTD-rosette casts perfomed in all the stations, and plankton and micronekton abundances and distribution patterns will be analyzed through samples taken from the neuston to the bathypelagic zone in selected stations (upwelling and oligotrophic regions)

PHARMADEEP Cruise (29HE20151213) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2015, PharmaDEEP ("New pharmaceuticals from the deep Antarctic"). The specific aims of PharmaDeep are to: (a) Collect marine organisms from deep-and-cold-water habitats that may be unique sources of natural products for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. (b) Perform the first marine biological survey of the unique habitat, the South Shetland Trough. (c) Compare and contrast the SST fauna and drivers of distribution with other trench ecosystems. (d) Investigate the recent geological environment including sea-bed geomorphology and composition as well as glacial and interglacial cycles

SHAKE Cruise (29SG20150423) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2015, The SHAKE cruise consists in a 30-day in situ investigation using underwater vehicles (AUV and ROV) to survey the active seismogenic faults of the Eastern Alboran Sea (Carboneras Fault, N-S Fault system, Al Idrissi Fault and Yusuf Fault), located at the SE Iberian and NE Moroccan margins. These fault systems have been well characterized (i.e. geometry and kinematics, seismostratigraphy, seismic potential) during previous national and European projects. In the frame of the ongoing Spanish project SHAKE we have been allocated shiptime onboard the Spanish RV “Sarmiento de Gamboa” (SdG) to carry out a in situ marine paleoseismic investigation of active faults and its associated processes. The first part of the cruise (Leg 1: 23 April-13 May; 21 days) will be devoted to acoustic seafloor investigation (i.e. micro-bathymetry, sub-bottom profiler) to search for surface ruptures and on-fault / near-fault co-seismic seafloor deformation using the AUVs “AsterX” and “IdefX” (IFREMER, France) obtained in the frame of an OFEG exchange collaboration. The second part of the cruise (Leg 2: 16 May to 22 May, 7 days), will be devoted to a direct visual seafloor exploration and sampling of selected sites (i.e. scarps related to earthquake ruptures, fluid venting and associated habitats) using the ROV “Max Rover” (HCMR, Greece) in the frame of the IRIS project granted in EuroFleets-2