Resultados de investigación

Overall design: We used Bisulfite Restriction site Associated DNA markers sequencing (Bis-RAD-seq) to assess genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in fin-clips of Atlantic cod individuals from the North Sea aged via otolith readings. One hundred twenty individuals from 8 age classes (0-7 years old) were represented, including individuals based on their 1) sex: females, males and undifferentiated, 2) sexual maturity status: immature, maturing, and undetermined and 3) geographic origin along the North Sea (A, C, L, M according to the country of origin). An equal number of bis-RAD-seq libraries were prepared and sequenced in 2 batches: 60 samples were processed first to develop the bis-RAD-seq protocol (batch 1). Then, 60 more samples of cod (batch 2) were processed. Bis-RAD-seq libraries were prepared by Floragenex (Eugene, USA) after adapting the original protocol by Trucchi et al. (2016, doi:/10.1111/mec.13550). Description of protocols: Samples were collected on the research cruise no. 428 of the German fisheries research vessel “Walther Herwig III” during July/August 2019 as part of the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) in the 3rd quarter. Individual cod were sampled throughout the survey area in the North Sea. For each fish, total length, weight, sex and the sexual maturity stage were taken, as well as otolith samples for age reading. Fin-clips were stored in 80 % ethanol at 4 ºC until DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Bis-RAD-seq libraries were prepared as in Trucchi et al. (2016, doi:/10.1111/mec.13550). Briefly, 200 ng of DNA were digested with the restriction enzyme SbfI-HF and ligated with an individually barcoded, restriction-site overhang-specific P1 adapter with cytosines methylated. Five individually barcoded samples with unique P1 barcoded adapters were combined in a single pool. DNA was sheared to an average size of 500 bp, cleaned up, fragments of 300-500 bp were selected, cleaned up, end-repaired and dA-tailing was performed. The cytosine methylated P2 adapter, a “Y” adapter with divergent ends that contains a 3´ dT overhang was ligated onto the ends of DNA fragments with corresponding dA overhangs. DNA was bisulfite converted and high-fidelity PCR amplification was performed. Library fragments of 400-600 bp were size selected and cleaned up. Final libraries were quantified and their quality evaluated. Batch 1 was sequenced paired end 150 bp and batch 2 was sequenced single end 150 bp. Description of data processing: Bioinformatics and machine learning data analyses were performed as described in Anastasiadi and Piferrer (2023, doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1096909). The quality of demultiplexed raw sequencing reads was assessed using fastqc and multiqc for summarizing reports across many samples. Quality filtering was performed using process_radtags from Stacks (v. 2.2) the following parameters activated: -e sbfI, –r (--rescue: rescue barcodes and RAD-Tags), -c (--clean: clean data, remove any read with an uncalled base), -q (--quality: discard reads with low quality scores), --disable_rad_check. PCR duplicates were partially removed using clone_filter from Stacks (v. 2.2). Quality controls of the filtered data were performed using fastqc and multiqc again. A bisulfite converted versions of the genome was created using Bismark (v. 20.0). We used the assembly version gadMor3.0 (INSDC Assembly GCA_902167405.1, Jul 2019) publicly available on Ensembl. Filtered reads were aligned to the bisulfite converted genomes with Bismark checking for alignments to all possible strands and relaxing the stringency setting --score-min to L,0,-0.6. Methylation values were extracted from aligned reads using the function bismark_methylation_extractor, while ignoring the first 4 bases since they correspond to the P1 adapter overhang, merging the DNA methylation values in non-CpG context. Individual files containing DNA methylation values (n = 120) were read into R via methylKit. This process requires assignment of samples to one of two groups (control vs treated) and samples were randomly assigned to one or the other. CpGs covered by less than 10 reads or exceeding the 99.9 % percentile of the distribution were filtered out and coverage was normalized across samples. Only CpGs present in 48 out of 60 samples (80 %) per group were kept. Individuals with less than 100.000 CpGs covered were eliminated as outliers resulting in a total of 110 individuals. In this data package, we provide 1) the 120 individual files containing DNA methylation values in a format compatible with methylKit to be read directly into R and 2) a metadate file containing all information about the 110 samples used in final analyses, Fisheries management relies on accurate stock assessments, which in turn depend on precise age information. Recent molecular tools called “epigenetic clocks” harness age-related DNA methylation changes to build accurate and precise age-prediction models. However, the influences of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on clock performance remain uncertain. In this study, we examined Atlantic cod aged 0 to 7 years, sampled from various locations across the North Sea, and developed an epigenetic clock using bisulfite restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (bis-RAD-seq) DNA methylation data from 73 CpG sites obtained from fin clips. This clock predicted age with 97.5 % accuracy and a precision of 2.8 months and generalized well in unseen data. Further, we addressed critical variables such as sex and maturity status, which are often overlooked, and we showed that clock performance was unaffected by sex-specific differences in growth, and it was lower in advanced sexually mature individuals, reflecting a slight bias towards younger fish. A key finding of our study is the discovery of a latitudinal cline in global DNA methylation patterns. We found that DNA methylation varied with latitude, despite the absence of genetic differences, while our clock maintained consistent performance across geographic locations. This resolves a major question regarding how generalizable epigenetic clocks are within the distribution of a species. Our clock demonstrates extensive applicability and enhanced practicality for real-world fisheries management. It provides accurate and precise age prediction for Atlantic cod irrespective of intrinsic differences or environmental influences associated with geographic locations, European Commission: EASME/EMFF/2017/1.3.2.10/ SI2.790889, Peer reviewed

TAPPINESS_CapturasTIV_N2 (xlsx), TAPPINESS “Disentangling the effects of resin TAPPINg to Ensure the resilience and Sustainable provision of Ecosystem Services by Maritime pine forests” (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR, reference TED2021–132456B-I00), Peer reviewed, Modelo experimental animal, Organismos alternativos no vertebrados - Invertebrados

This database expands the Poulton et al., 2018 (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.888182) database of pelagic calcium carbonate (CP) rate measurements from isotopic tracer uptake in incubated discrete water samples, as discussed in Daniels et al., 2018 (doi:10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018), and accompanies Marsh et al. (in prep.). The database now includes more CP (new data n = 400; complete database n = 3165), net primary production rate (PP) (new data n = 399; complete database n = 3150), total coccolithophore cell counts (new data n = 240; complete database n = 1512), and Emiliania huxleyi cell counts (new data n = 27; complete database n = 612). This expanded database maintains the record of data, including the principal investigator, expedition, OS region, doi reference (where available), collection date and year, sample ID, latitude, longitude, sampling and light depth, and method of measuring CP. We further expand the Poulton et al. (2018) data collection by including ancillary and environmental data, including: optical depth (OD, n = 3165), pHtotal (hereinafter referred to as pHT, n = 398), temperature (n = 1160), salinity (n = 1161), and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (n = 1363), NOx (NO3 or the sum of NO3 + NO2, n = 1161), silicic acid (Si(OH)4, n= 1156), phosphate (PO4, n = 1232), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, n = 318), total alkalinity (TA, n = 307), bicarbonate ion concentration (n = 349), and carbonate ion concentration (n = 352). All data was matched to CP, sample bottle identifiers (Niskin bottle numbers), and/or sampling depth values. This global database (81 °N - 64 °S, 132 °E - 174 °W) now covers expeditions and upper ocean measurements (0 - 193 m) from 1989 to 2024. Global in-situ geolocated data spanning time is valuable for modelling, satellite algorithms, and capturing calcium carbonate production in the global ocean. This expanded database, including the environmental, nutrient, chlorophyll a, and carbonate chemistry data, also allows for analysis of factors influencing calcium carbonate production on a global scale. This data amalgamation contributes to understanding the biogeochemistry of the oceans, global carbon cycle, and ocean acidification, European Commission (EC), grant/award no. PITN-GA-2008-215157: EU FP7 Marie Curie ITN CALMARO Horizon Europe (HorizonEU), grant/award no. EU 101083922: OceanICU Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN), grant/award no. CSD2008-00077: Circumnavigation expedition Malaspina 2010: Global Change and Exploration of Biodiversity of the Global Ocean UK Research and Innovation, grant/award no. NE/X001261/1: CoccoTrait: Revealing Coccolithophore Trait diversity and its climatic impacts UK Research and Innovation, grant/award no. UK 10054454: OceanICU, This work contributes to the Institut de Ciències del Mar "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Peer reviewed

This work was funded by the projects PID2020-113441RB-I00 and PID2023-146979OB-I00 of the Spanish Research State Agency (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER). E. Barrio acknowledges receipt ofacontract(PRE2021-098235)fundedbytheSpanishResearchStateAgency(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)andtheEuro-peanSocialFund(‘‘ESFInvestinginyourfuture”)., Peer reviewed

7 pages, 1 table, 2 figures, High-throughput shoot phenotyping of maize under combined drought and heat stress (Original data) (CCDC)., This dataset was generated to characterize the physiological and morphological mechanisms underlying tolerance and resilience to combined drought and heat stress using a panel of 106 Mediterranean maize inbred lines. To achieve this, high-throughput non-invasive phenotyping combined with genome-wide association analysis was applied to accurately capture the dynamic responses of the maize lines to stress and to dissect the genetic basis of maize tolerance and resilience. Two experiments were conducted under control (25/20 °C, 70 % field capacity (FC)) and stress conditions (35/25 °C, 30 % FC). Stress was applied from 18 to 32 DAS (days after sowing), followed by a recovery period under control conditions. Plants were grown under controlled air temperature and soil water content, and were harvested at 45 DAS. Throughout the cultivation period, multiple camera sensors captured images daily, allowing agronomic traits to be extracted for analysis. The dataset includes raw and processed images, phenotypic data obtained from these images, results of two photosynthesis related parameters, Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) results from one parameter as an example, and scripts used for data analysis. Additionally, metadata and a detailed description of the experimental setup are provided. This resource is suitable for researchers interested in stress phenotyping and quantitative genetics. It allows further exploration of genotype-by-environment interactions and integration with other omics datasets. The dataset provides a valuable foundation for studies aiming to understand and improve crop resilience to climate-related abiotic stresses., This work was performed in the frame of the DROMAMED project conducted under “PRIMA”, a program supported by the European Union (NextGenerationEU/PRTR) under H2020 framework program. It was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Project identification number: 01DH2101 and by the MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, grant no. PCI2021–121912. ALM’s postdoctoral contract was granted by Xunta de Galicia’s program “Axudas de apoio a etapa de formación postdoutoral”., Peer reviewed

European Union. (n.d.). EuroVoc dataset. Retrieved from https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/dataset/-/resource?uri=http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/eurovoc. Additionally, the terminology set out in UNE-EN IEC 62933-1:2025 (UNE in force as of 07/05/2025) will be used to clarify terms, definitions, and concepts related to Electrical Energy Storage (EES) systems. Part 1: Terminology. The International equivalent standard is IEC 62933-1:2024., Dataset corresponding to the figures of articles: Anion-rich solvation structures in high entropy aqueous electrolytes for supercapacitors with enlarged potential windows and superior rate capabilities; González-Aguilera, Laura et al.; Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2025, 13, 31421-31434, DOI 10.1039/D5TA04796J, This work was supported by PID2021-125357OB-I00, Peer reviewed

Conventions: MEDITS-Handbook. Version n. 9, 2017, Data collected during the oceanographic survey MEDITS-AUT25 carried out by ICATMAR in november-december 2025 in the GSA6 (Mediterranean sea). MEDITS-AUT25 is the autumn edition of the Mediterranean International Trawl Survey (MEDITS) to assess the status of fishery resources in the western Mediterranean during autumn. Conducted aboard the Vizconde de Eza, the 24-day survey covered the GSA 6, from Catalonia to Murcia, following the MEDITS protocol to collect complementary data to spring campaigns, These data were collected and made freely available by the Catalan Institute for Ocean Governance Research (ICATMAR) with the support of the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF), the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the agreement between the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the Catalan Government (BOE-A-2023-251060)., This work contributes to the Institut de Ciències del Mar "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Peer reviewed

3 files, Results reported in Respiration rates in the global mesopelagic ocean, by Gómez-Letona & Álvarez-Salgado (2026). Results are in OURs.csv , regression_pixel_polys.zip contains pixel polygons, and readme.txt provides a brief description of the file contents (chiefly, column descriptions in OURs.csv), This work was funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101083922 (OceanICU) and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee [grant number 10054454, 10063673, 10064020, 10059241, 10079684, 10059012, 10048179], Peer reviewed

1 file, Oxygen utilisation rates reported in the literature across oceanic environments, compiled and published in Gómez-Letona & Álvarez-Salgado (2026). Covers different oceans and depths. Excel file includes three sheets: - our: OUR values and detailed information (including source studies + DOIs). - our_export: linked, plain version of our ready to be exported to, e.g., .csv format. plots: contains two plots representing the data distribution and summary of OUR values, This work was funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101083922 (OceanICU) and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee [grant number 10054454, 10063673, 10064020, 10059241, 10079684, 10059012, 10048179], Peer reviewed

1 file.-- Data from a discrete choice experiment, using two subsamples (control and warning) drawn from the population aged 18 and over residing in Galicia, Discrete choice data for 774 individuals, 9 choices by individual, 3 alternatives each choice card, TickStat (https://app.tickstat.com/), Peer reviewed