Resultados de investigación

Understanding the impact of maternal provisions and temperature on lizard behaviour, Peer reviewed

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a critical role in the immune response against pathogens. Its high polymorphism is thought to be mainly the consequence of host-pathogen co-evolution, but elucidating the mechanism(s) driving MHC evolution remains challenging for natural populations. We investigated the diversity of MHC class II genes in a wild population of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca, and tested its associations with two key components of individual fitness: lifetime reproductive success and survival. Among 180 breeding adults in our study population, we found 182 unique MHC class II exon 2 alleles. The alleles showed a strong signal of positive selection and grouped into 9 functional supertypes based on physicochemical properties at the inferred antigen-binding sites. Three supertypes were found in > 98% of the sampled individuals, indicating that they are nearly fixed in the population. We found no rare supertypes in the population, as all supertypes were present in >70% of individuals. Three supertypes were related to different components of individual fitness: two were associated with lower offspring production over time, while the third was positively associated with survival. Overall, the substantial allelic and functional diversity and the relationship between specific supertypes and fitness is in accordance with the notion that balancing selection maintains MHC class II diversity in the study population, possibly with fluctuating selection as the underlying mechanism. The absence of rare supertypes in the population suggests that the balancing selection is not driven by rare-allele advantage., Comunidad de Madrid : 2022-T1_AMB-24025, Beca Atracción de Talento de la Comunidad de Madrid; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación : PID2022-141763NA-I00, Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento, Peer reviewed

You can cite all versions by using the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10149018., Ocean warming and acidification, decreases in dissolved oxygen concentrations, and changes in primary production are causing an unprecedented global redistribution of marine life. The identification of underlying ecological processes underpinning marine species turnover, particularly the prevalence of tropicalization over deborealization, has been recently debated in the context of ocean warming. Here, we track changes in the mean thermal affinity of marine communities across European seas by calculating the Community Temperature Index for 65 biodiversity time series collected over four decades and containing 1,817 species from different communities (zooplankton, coastal benthos, pelagic and demersal invertebrates and fish). We show most communities and sites have clearly responded to ongoing ocean warming via abundance increases of warm-water species (tropicalization; 54%) and decreases of cold-water species (deborealization; 18%). Tropicalization dominated Atlantic sites compared to semi-enclosed basins such as the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas, probably due to physical barrier constraints to connectivity and species colonization. Semi-enclosed basins appeared to be particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, experiencing the fastest rates of warming and biodiversity loss through deborealization., This study has been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869300 (FutureMARES project) (G.C., E.V., J.F-S., M.P., M.Lin., C.D., D.G-G., G.R., L.B., C.R., M.C., F.R., G.R., P.B., M.P., M.Lep., J.L., A.B., N.M., J.G., F.B., L.B.C, A.Q., F.V., A.I., and I.U.), and by the Urban Klima 2050 -- LIFE 18 IPC 000001 project, which has been received funding from European Union's LIFE programme (G.C., E.V., L.I., A.B., A.U., and M.R.). Additional financial support was obtained from the Basque Government (PIBA2020-1-0028 & IT1723-22). We thank the NOAA Climate Prediction Center for providing Sea Temperature data through the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS. We also thank Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) for providing global occurrences of the biological group studied here. Data from the Basque Country were obtained from the Basque Water Agency (URA) monitoring network, through a Convention with AZTI. M.C., J.G., D.G.-G. and F.R. acknowledge the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). Authors M.H. and M.Lin. are grateful for the support from ICES Working Group on Comparative Ecosystem-based Analyses of Atlantic and Mediterranean marine systems (WGCOMEDA) for this research. This paper is contribution nº xxxx from AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), With funding form the Spanish government through the "Severa Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)., Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

Akdeniz University (grant no: 2010.02.0121.028); The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, grant no: 210T169); PID2021-123298NB-I00; TED2021-129328B-I00, Peer reviewed

heneghan_global_prokaryotes.nc4 Global dataset of prokaryotic abundance, cell size and biomass, specific-growth rates, respiration and growth. Generated using statistical models developed in paper. Also includes environmental variables that are inputs to statistical models., data.zip Contains all data required to generate figures and statistical models in paper (code to generate figures and models available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12562068) including raw data of prokaryotic abundance, cell carbon, specific growth rates and gross growth efficiency., source_data.zip Contains all data as presented in figures in paper. Source data in this format is a requirement of Nature Communications., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades Circumnavigation Expedition Malaspina 2010: Global Change and Biodiversity Exploration of the Global Ocean: CSD2008-00077, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)., Peer reviewed

heneghan_global_prokaryotes.nc4 Global dataset of prokaryotic abundance, cell size and biomass, specific-growth rates, respiration and growth. Generated using statistical models developed in paper. Also includes environmental variables that are inputs to statistical models., data.zip Contains all data required to generate figures and statistical models in paper (code to generate figures and models available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12741068) including raw data of prokaryotic abundance, cell carbon, specific growth rates and gross growth efficiency., source_data.zip Contains all data as presented in figures in paper. Source data in this format is a requirement of Nature Communications., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades Circumnavigation Expedition Malaspina 2010: Global Change and Biodiversity Exploration of the Global OceanCSD2008-00077, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)., Peer reviewed

Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases globally due to its high incidence and mortality rates. The influx of infected cases from endemic to non-endemic malaria regions like Europe has resulted in a public health concern over sporadic local outbreaks. This is facilitated by the continued presence of competent Anopheles vectors in non-endemic countries. We modelled the potential distribution of the main malaria vector across Spain using the ensemble of eight modelling techniques based on environmental parameters and the Anopheles maculipennis s.l. presence/absence data collected from 2000 to 2020. We then combined this map with the number of imported malaria cases in each municipality to detect the geographic hot spots with a higher risk of local malaria transmission. The malaria vector occurred preferentially in irrigated lands characterized by warm climate conditions and moderate annual precipitation. Some areas surrounding irrigated lands in northern Spain (e.g. Zaragoza, Logroño), mainland areas (e.g. Madrid, Toledo) and in the South (e.g. Huelva), presented a significant likelihood of A. maculipennis s.l. occurrence, with a large overlap with the presence of imported cases of malaria. While the risk of malaria re-emergence in Spain is low, it is not evenly distributed throughout the country. The four recorded local cases of mosquito-borne transmission occurred in areas with a high overlap of imported cases and mosquito presence. Integrating mosquito distribution with human incidence cases provides an effective tool for the quantification of large-scale geographic variation in transmission risk and pinpointing priority areas for targeted surveillance and prevention., MCIN/AEI through the European Regional Development Fund (SUMHAL, LifeWatch-2019-09-CSIC-4, POPE 2014-2020) and PLEC2021-007968 project NEXTHREAT MCIN/AEI/10.13039/2011000110333 and European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR funds, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública and La Caixa Foundation through the project ARBOPREVENT (HR22-00123). Part of the samples used for the analyses were provided from studies financed from projects IB16121 and IB16135 from the Extremadura Regional Government, from Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica 2019 (PR (19_ECO_0070)). MF is currently funded by a Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC2021-031613-I) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). M.J.R.L received support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (project PID2020-118921RJ-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)., Peer reviewed

Tropical regions contain ecologically and socio-economically important habitats, and are home to about 3.8 billion people, many of which directly depend on tropical coastal waters for their well-being. At the basis of these ecosystems are biogeochemical processes. Climate change is expected to have a greater impact in the tropics compared to temperate regions because of the relatively stable environmental conditions found there. However, it was surprising to find only 660 research articles published focusing on the impact of climate change on the biogeochemistry of coastal tropical waters compared to 4823 for temperate waters. In this perspective, we highlight important topics in need of further research. Specifically, we suggest that in tropical regions compared to temperate counterparts climate change stressors will be experienced differently, that organisms have a lower acclimation capacity, and that long-term baseline biogeochemical datasets useful for quantifying future changes are lacking. The low number of research papers on the impacts of climate change in coastal tropical regions is likely due to a mix of reasons including limited resources for research and limited number of long time series in many developing tropical countries. Finally, we propose some action points that we hope will stimulate more studies in tropical coastal waters., Research Fund Denmark Grant (1127-00033B), Peer reviewed

El dataset se puede consultar y descargar en el siguiente enlace https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12722523, U.S. National Science Foundation BE/CNH: Biocomplexity of the Greater Serengeti: Humans in a Biologically Diverse Ecosystem0308486; U.S. National Science Foundation LTREB: Long Term Studies of African Lions0343960; U.S. National Science Foundation LTREB: Long-Term Studies of African Lions0918142; U.S. National Science Foundation Ecology of African Lions1020479; Swiss National Science Foundation Population Persistence Under Environmental Change Across Space and Time: A Unified Framework, Peer reviewed