Resultados de investigación

Additional file 4. Taxonomy of detected bacterial genera on the skin of the uropygial gland of magpie and great spotted cuckoo nestlings in monospecific (Sharing) and hetero-specific (Not sharing) nests. We also show mean relative abundance of different bacterial taxa per group., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación European Regional Development Fund Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Peer reviewed

Additional file 5. Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test results on differential abundance of bacterial genera between Eurasian magpies and great spotted cuckoos from mono- (M) or hetero-specific (H) nests. Group column refers to the group with higher abundance of the specific strain., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación European Regional Development Fund Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Peer reviewed

Additional file 6. Subset of the ASV table with six taxonomic levels including ASVs classified as core-microbiome in Eurasian magpies or great spotted cuckoos. Samples are identified regarding species and whether they share or not share the nest with hetero-specifics., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación European Regional Development Fund Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Peer reviewed

Fundación Biodiversidad from the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (project LIFE19/NAT/ES/000906)., Peer reviewed

The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) G. Unger Vetlesen and Ambrose Monell Foundations National Science Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator Award, Peer reviewed

1. Understanding the interactive effects of global change drivers on tree demography is fundamental for realistic predictions of future forest dynamics. Multiple studies have shown increasing drought and exotic pathogens to severely threaten forest persistence by increasing mortality and decreasing growth of adult trees. However, much less is known about their effects on regeneration, and how they might affect seedling performance in additive and non-additive (synergistic or antagonistic) ways., 2. Here we aimed to fill this gap by experimentally exploring the effects of increasing drought and soil-borne pathogens on tree regeneration in two types of mixed oak forests (Quercus suber-Q. canariensis and Q. suber-Olea europaea) invaded by the exotic soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, one of the most aggressive plant pathogens on earth. We conducted a seed-sowing experiment with oomycete-specific fungicide taking advantage of rainfall exclusion infrastructures that excluded 30% of the annual rainfall, simulating predictions of climate change models for Mediterranean systems. Seedling emergence, survival and growth of the three tree species were followed over 3 years., 3. We found that neutral or positive drought effects on regeneration dominated over negative effects in the tree community. Moreover, most positive drought effects on the dominant species (Q. suber) were not direct, but rather indirectly mediated by soil-borne pathogens. This was shown by the fact that positive drought effects disappeared with fungicide application., 4. Synthesis: Overall, our results suggest that rainfall reductions predicted by climate change models for the Mediterranean region might have minor direct negative effects on early regeneration of tree species, but that could play a major indirect role by limiting the negative effects of exotic pathogens on highly susceptible tree species. These findings highlight that antagonisms among global change drivers should be recognized as important forces that might slow down the current loss of tree health., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación : CGL2014-56739-R; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación : RTI2018-094394-B-I00; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad : PID2019-108288RA-I00, Peer reviewed

Plants interact in complex networks but how network structure depends on resources, natural enemies, and species resource-use strategy remains poorly understood. Here, we quantified competition networks among 18 plants varying in fast-slow strategy, by testing how increased nutrient availability and reduced foliar pathogens affected intra- and inter-specific interactions. Our results show that nitrogen and pathogens altered several aspects of network structure, often in unexpected ways due to fast and slow-growing species responding differently. Nitrogen addition increased competition asymmetry in slow-growing networks, as expected, but decreased it in fast-growing networks. Pathogen reduction made networks more even and less skewed because pathogens targeted weaker competitors. Surprisingly, pathogens and nitrogen dampened each other’s effect. Our results show that plant growth strategy is key to understanding how competition responds to resources and enemies, a prediction from classic theories that has rarely been tested by linking functional traits to competition networks., European Commission : TASTE (PID2021-127607OB-I00), European Social Funds Plus; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Ministerio de Universidades : María Zambrano; Swiss National Science Foundation : 310030_185260, Peer reviewed

Supplementary raw data set of ant-bird interactions.;Avian species interacting with ants with information about functional traits as compiled in AVONET dataset [1].;Paired interaction matrices for network analyses in relation to habitat and interaction type. Columns are avian species are and rows are ant genus. Number in cells represent the frequency of interaction.;Number of interactions reported for each avian family and number of studies dealing with a specific family in Web of Science.;Phylogenetic signal of research effort at the avian family level., Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

We conducted a study on interpopulation variation of color patterns in two congeneric chameleon species, which have an analogous life history. Both species are able to rapidly change color pattern, and context-dependent color patterns often vary across a wide geographic range. Specifically, we tested four hypotheses that can explain the observed interpopulation variation of color patterns by a series of behavioral field trials where the color patterns of individuals were recorded and later analyzed by a deep neural network algorithm. We used redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to relate genetic, spectral, and behavioral predictors to interpopulation color pattern distance. Our results showed that both isolation by distance and alternative mating tactics were significant predictors for interpopulation color pattern variation in Chamaeleo chamaeleon males. In contrast, in C. dilepis, the interpopulation color pattern variation was largely explained by isolation by distance, and the evidence for alternative mating tactics was absent. In both chameleon species, the environmental colors showed no evidence of influencing chameleon interpopulation color pattern variation, regardless of sex or behavioral context. This contrasting finding suggests that interpopulation context-dependent color pattern variations in each species are maintained under a different set of selective pressures or circumstances., Peer reviewed