BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Climatic and environmental shifts have had profound impacts on faunal and floral assemblages globally since the end of the Miocene. We explore the regional expression of these fluctuations in southwestern Europe by constructing long-term records (from ~11.1 to 0.8 Ma, late Miocene–middle Pleistocene) of carbon and oxygen isotope variations in tooth enamel of different large herbivorous mammals from Spain. Isotopic differences among taxa illuminate differences in ecological niches. The δ13C..., This study was supported by the UCM, Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Plan Nacional I+D project CGL2009-09000/BTE and Plan Nacional I+D and MNCN-CSIC project CGL2010-19116/BOS) and by a Personal Investigador de Apoyo contract (Comunidad de Madrid) to LD, postdoctoral fellowships (Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-FECYT and Spanish Ministerio de Educación) to LD and MSD and a UCSC postdoctoral fellowship to LD. This work is a contribution from the research groups..., Peer reviewed

Abstract: While many halokinetic models consider that a thick overburden is necessary before diapirism develops, other studies show that salt might begin to move soon after deposition in response to different factors (e.g. regional extension). We describe two continental Neogene basins in central Spain, characterized by three Miocene sedimentary untis, where unusually early initiation of evaporate mounds or “incipient pillows” occurs, with no overburden on top o them. The arguments suggesting..., Peer reviewed

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22 pages, 12 figures, This study was supported by the projects HIDRA (PIE06-301102) and ANERIS (PIF08-015) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Peer Reviewed

Letter to the Editor, Peer Reviewed

El pdf sel artículo es la versión pre-print.-- et al., Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers accumulate in brain tissue of Alzheimer disease patients and are related to pathogenesis. The precise mechanisms by which Aβ oligomers cause neurotoxicity remain unresolved. In this study, we investigated the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors on the intracellular Ca2+ overload caused by Aβ. Using rat cortical neurons in culture and entorhinal-hippocampal organotypic slices, we found that Aβ oligomers significantly induced inward currents, intracellular Ca2+..., This work was supported by CIBERNED and by grants from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Gobierno Vasco and Universidad del País Vasco., Peer Reviewed

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312 páginas, Protected areas are considered the main strategy for biodiversity conservation. Consequently, the number and extent of protected areas have increased exponentially since the 1950s to cover approximately 13% of the world’s terrestrial area. As a result of this trend, the conservation of biodiversity and related ecosystem services have become one of the major land uses globally. And something similar has happened in Spain, where over 25% of national territory is currently protected under the..., Financial support of the BBVA Foundation, Peer reviewed

619 páginas; Carrasco, Luis et al., El libro Virus patógenos -coeditado con Editorial Hélice- está dedicado al mundo de los virus que infectan a las distintas especies animales, incluida la humana. Los coordinadores, conscientes de que la sociedad demanda información contrastada procedente del mundo científico, y dada su experiencia de años en la enseñanza de la virología, se plantearon la edición de una obra de referencia en este ámbito. El resultado es un manual didáctico, en el que han participado 33destacados científicos..., Financial support of the BBVA Foundation, Peer reviewed

The suitability of powder metallurgy for processing aluminium matrix composites reinforced with Ni3Al powder particles was evaluated. The composite exhibited a sound bond between the matrix and reinforcement, with no interfacial reaction during consolidation by extrusion or even after a heat treatment of 1000 h at 300 °C. These results show the advantages of powder metallurgy compared with ingot metallurgy., Peer Reviewed

Part of this research was presented at the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, 59th Annual Meeting 2008, San Francisco, USA, and at the European Association for the Study of the Liver, 43rd Annual Meeting 2008, Milan, Italy.-- et al., [Background]: Bile acids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines are crucial regulators of cell death in acute and chronic liver diseases. The contribution of each factor to hepatocyte death, either apoptosis or necrosis, has not been clarified as yet. It has been suggested that the generation of oxidative stress by bile acids contributes to hepatocyte death during cholestasis and bile acid toxicity, although the beneficial role of ROS prevention in bile acid-mediated cell..., This study was supported by grants from the Dutch Digestive Foundation and the J.K. de Cock Foundation., Grants: This study was supported by grants from the Dutch Digestive Foundation and the J.K. de Cock Foundation., Peer Reviewed

El pdf del artículo es el manuscrito de autor.-- et al., [Introduction]: Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was shown to increase during acute hypoglycemia and could mediate rapid adaptation of the brain. In this study we examined the neuroendocrine response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in hypoglycemic coma or with acute neuroglycopenic symptoms. [Methods]: We prospectively studied 135 consecutive T2DM patients admitted for severe hypoglycemia during a 2-year period. We collected clinical variables and measured..., This work was supported by a Grant from Plan Nacional I+D+I (SAF 2008-05347), and from Fundación Mutua Madrileña de Investigación Médica to Francisco Arnalich (PI 8945/2011) and to Carmen Montiel (research project 2008)., Peer Reviewed

12 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, The feeding ecology of the larvae of the two most important small pelagic species in the western Mediterranean, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus), is investigated. Samples were collected in early summer (anchovy) and autumn (sardine). Composition of the diet and prey selectivity were compared over the course of ontogeny in anchovy (2.7-14.5 mm standard length, SL) and sardine (5.5-15.8 mm SL) larvae. Anchovy larvae begin feeding on prey items >150 m at smaller..., The research was funded by projects CTM2004-03510-C02-01/MAR and CTM2004-03510-C02-02/ MAR. EM acknowledges predoctoral FPI Fellowship support from Spain’s Ministry of Education and Science, Peer Reviewed

PM 2000 is a FeCrAl alloy suitable to be coated with a dense α-alumina layer by thermal oxidation, combining the inherent mechanical properties of the substrate with a good biocompatibility in vitro. The associated elevated residual stresses in the coating account for the capability to deform without cracking and also enhances the fatigue limit. Such residual stresses could also be beneficial for the wear behaviour. However, oxide nodules developed at the outer part of the scale provide the..., Peer Reviewed

Las investigaciones desarrolladas en los años sesenta y ochenta en los yacimientos sorianos de Ambrona y Torralba asignaron al hombre un papel capital en la formación de estos yacimientos. El proyecto desarrollado a partir de 1990 tiene como objetivo definir el marco natural en que se inscribe la actividad humana y delimitar su alcance. Junto a la descripción general de los trabajos efectuados (1990-1996), presentamos algunos resultados iniciales relativos a la geología y fauna de ambos..., Peer reviewed

[Background]: The predominant X-linked form of dyskeratosis congenita results from mutations in dyskerin, a protein required for ribosomal RNA modification that is also a component of the telomerase complex. We have previously found that expression of an internal fragment of dyskerin (GSE24.2) rescues telomerase activity in X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (X-DC) patient cells. [Materials and Methods]: Here, we have generated F9 mouse cell lines expressing the most frequent mutation found in X-..., This work was supported by grants: 08/1485 from FIS, Fundación Genoma and BFU-05-0138 and Fundación Ramón Areces and R01 CA 106995 from the NIH. R.M-P was supported by Fundación Genoma. C. Manguan-Garcia and J. Carrillo were supported by CIBER de Enfermedades Raras., Peer Reviewed

Cultures of dissociated cerebellum from 7-day-old mice were used to investigate the mechanism involved in synthesis and cellular redistribution of GABA in these cultures consisting primarily of glutamatergic granule neurons and a smaller population of GABAergic Golgi and stellate neurons. The distribution of GAD, GABA and the vesicular glutamate transporter VGlut-1 was assessed using specific antibodies combined with immunofluorescence microscopy. Additionally, tiagabine, SKF 89976-A, betaine,..., This work was supported by grants from FIS 061212 (Ministry of Health, Spain), 2009/SGR/214 (CIRIT, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) and The Danish Medical Research Council (22-03-250; 22-04-0314). Z. B. was recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education., This work was supported by grants from FIS 061212 (Ministry of Health, Spain), 2009/SGR/214 (CIRIT, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) and The Danish Medical Research Council (22-03-250; 22-04-0314). Z. B. was recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education., Peer Reviewed

7 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, This work aims to compile knowledge on ecologically rich habitats that deserve special protection in the Mediterranean high seas. Many marine ecosystems are currently threatened by fishing activities, such as bottom trawling, gillnets and demersal and pelagic long-lines. Especially vulnerable are areas described as either sensitive habitats or essential fish habitats. Among these we highlight the associations of sessile organisms, such as cold coral reefs, mostly detected on continental slopes..., The authors want to thank the UNEP RAC/SPA for financing this study under the framework of the program “Fisheries management/conservation and step-relief areas in the Mediterranean open seas, including deep seas”, Peer Reviewed

In the present work attention is paid on the composition, structure and protective properties of alumina layer produced by high temperature oxidation on MA 956 superalloy (Fe-20Cr-4.5Al-0.5Ti-0.5Y2O3 (wt%)). The combination of good mechanical properties of this material and the excellent biocompatibility, the good wear and corrosion behavior of an outer α-alumina layer, limiting the release of ionic species and wear debris from the bulk material into the body-fluid environment, can make this..., Peer Reviewed

Severe iodine deficiency is characterized by goiter, preferential synthesis, and secretion of T3 in thyroids, hypothyroxinemia in plasma and tissues, normal or low plasma T3, and slightly increased plasma TSH. We studied changes in deiodinase activities and mRNA in several tissues of rats maintained on low-iodine diets (LIDs) or LIDs supplemented with iodine (LID+I). T4 and T3 concentrations decreased in plasma, tissues, and thyroids of LID rats, and T4 decreased more than T3 (50%). The highest..., This work was supported by Research Grants CAM 08.5/0059.1 /2000 (to G.M.d.E.) and S2010-BMD-2423 from the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and Research Grants SAF2001-2243, SAF2006-01319, and SAF2009-09364 from Ministerio de Education y Ciencia (MEC) and Ministerio de Investigacion Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (to M.-J.O.)., Peer Reviewed

4th International Symposium Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences.-- 11 pages, 5 figures, Submarine landslides are ubiquitous along the continental margins of the Mediterranean basin and occur on tectonically-dominated margins as well as on passive margins and volcanic island flanks. Tectonically quiet zones seem to have the highest density of known events. Most landslides occur as long run-out distance debris flows, but slumps and deep-seated failures are also relatively common. In abyssal plains the distal product of massive failures is recorded as large megatur-bidites, while on..., The analysis is part of the contribution of the University of Barcelona to IODP proposal, Peer Reviewed

We propose an optical rotation experiment to detect the electroweak parity-violating energy difference (PVED) between the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule. For some chiral molecules, it is shown theoretically that at low enough temperature, in the range from mK to few K, the competition between the PVED, tunneling between the two enantiomers and thermal effects leads to an enantiomeric excess in the thermodynamic equilibrium which is able to produce an optical rotation measurable by state-..., This work has been funded by the MEC (Spain) under projects CTQ2005-09185-C02-02, CTQ2008-02 578/BQU, FIS2004-02461 and FIS2007-65382, and supported by grants BES-2006-11976 (P.B.) and BES-2006-7454 (R.P. de T.)., Peer Reviewed

Reaction paths and classical and quantum trajectories are studied within a generalized Hamilton-Jacobi framework, which allows to put on equal footing topology and dynamics in chemical reactivity problems. In doing so, we show how high-dimensional problems could be dealt with by means of Carathéodory plots or how trajectory-based quantum-classical analyses reveal unexpected discrepancies. As a working model, we consider the reaction dynamics associated with a Müller-Brown potential energy..., This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci´on (Spain) under Projects FIS2007-62006 and CTQ2008-02856/BQU, and Generalitat de Catalunya under Projects 2005SGR-00111 and 2005SGR-00175. A. S. Sanz would also like to acknowledge the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas for a JAE-Doc Contract., Peer Reviewed

The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) allows the efficient and complete functionalization of dendrimers with preformed Gd chelates (prelabeling) to give monodisperse macromolecular contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This monodispersity contrasts with the typical distribution of materials obtained by classical routes and facilitates the characterization and quality control demanded for clinical applications. The potential of a new family of PEG-dendritic..., We wish to acknowledge the Spanish MICINN (CTQ2009-14146-C02-02 and CTQ2009-10963) and the Xunta de Galicia (10CSA209021PR) for financial support., Peer Reviewed

Bohmian mechanics allows to visualize and understand the quantum-mechanical behavior of massive particles in terms of trajectories. As shown by Bialynicki-Birula, Electromagnetism also admits a hydrodynamical formulation when the existence of a wave function for photons (properly defined) is assumed. This formulation thus provides an alternative interpretation of optical phenomena in terms of photon trajectories, whose flow yields a pictorial view of the evolution of the electromagnetic energy..., MD and MB acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science of Serbia under Project “Quantum and Optical Interferometry”, No. 141003; ASS and SMA acknowledge support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci´on (Spain) under Project FIS2007-62006. ASS also thanks the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas (Spain) for a JAE-Doc Contract., Peer Reviewed

Based on the crystal structures of human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) bound to 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D 3 (1,25 D) and superagonist ligands, we previously designed new superagonist ligands with a tetrahydrofuran ring at the side chain that optimize the aliphatic side-chain conformation through an entropy benefit. Following a similar strategy, four novel vitamin D analogues with aromatic furan side chains (3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b) have now been developed. The triene system has been constructed by an..., We thank the Spanish Ministry of Education and Innovation (MEI) (projects SAF2007–67205, SAF2010–15291, and SAF2010–18302) and the “Red Tem ática de Investigaci n Cooperativa en Cá ncer” (ISCIII, RD06/0020/0009) for financial support., Peer Reviewed

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al., Eukaryotic endocytosis involves multivesicular bodies formation, which is driven by endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). Here, we showed the presence and expression of homologous ESCRT genes in Entamoeba histolytica. We cloned and expressed the Ehvps4 gene, an ESCRT member, to obtain the recombinant EhVps4 and generate specific antibodies, which immunodetected EhVps4 in cytoplasm of trophozoites. Bioinformatics and biochemical studies evidenced that rEhVps4 is an ATPase,..., This work was supported by a Grant from CONACyT (Mexico) and by CYCYT Grant BFU2005-01970 (to O. Vincent)., Peer Reviewed

Although oral miltefosine represented an important therapeutic advance in the treatment of leishmaniasis, the appearance of resistance remains a serious threat. LMDR1/LABCB4, a P-glycoprotein-like transporter included in the Leishmania ABC (ATP-binding cassette) family, was the first molecule shown to be involved in experimental miltefosine resistance. LMDR1 pumps drugs out of the parasite, thereby decreasing their intracellular accumulation. Sitamaquine, another promising oral drug for..., Peer Reviewed

A new generation of spectrophotometers able to measure a wide range of absorbance in microliter aliquots is currently used for the determination of DNA, RNA, and proteins. The object of this article is to show that these instruments could be easily adapted for routine evaluation of enzymes and metabolites in 1-2-μl volumes of biological samples. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., This investigation was supported by a grant from Dirección General de Investigación Cientifica y Técnica (BFU 2009-08977)., Peer Reviewed

4 pags. ; 2 figs. ; 1 tab., Helium trimer bound states are calculated with a variational method described in terms of pair atom coordinates and distributed Gaussian functions by assuming zero total angular momentum. With the two-body interaction potential used, a weakly bound state for the dimer and only two bound states for the trimer are found. Although strictly speaking the first excited trimer state is not an Efimov state, we show that this state presents several characteristics of the Efimov behavior which are..., This work has been supported in part by DGICYT (Spain) under Contract No. PB95-0071, by the SpanishCuban Project between CSIC and Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnologia Cubana, by an E. C. Research Network with Contract N0. FMRX-CT96-0088, and by a COST Chemistry Project., Peer reviewed

We have developed a method of calibration for Bragg grating interrogators that compares the response of the test equipment with a Bragg Grating simulator consisting in a tunable filter and an optical fiber mirror. The obtained simulated wavelength is measured with a reference interferometer calibrated at the Instituto de óptica del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC). This calibration method has been applied to calibrate various types of Bragg gratings interrogators:..., Al  Ministerio  de  Educación  y  Ciencia  proyecto  TEC2009‐14423‐C02‐00,  a  la  Comunidad  Autónoma  de  Madrid  a  través  del  proyecto  FACTOTEM2  (S2009/ESP‐1781),  al  Ministerio  de  Fomento  por  los  proyectos  MIFFO  (FOM‐ 77/07) e IZONE (FOM‐38/08)., Peer Reviewed

11 páginas, 3 figuras y 6 tables, We studied the effects of female distribution, topography, and human infrastructures on lek-site selection in a ground-displaying bird, the great bustard Otis tarda. Our aim was to investigate the relative importance of maximizing visibility to females (hotspot hypothesis) versus minimizing predation risk (predation avoidance hypothesis). Using a geographic information system, a very high-resolution digital elevation model, and an extensive survey database, we compared the 350 lek centers known..., Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (project CGL2008-02567)., Peer reviewed

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are endocytic compartments that contain intraluminal vesicles formed by inward budding from the limiting membrane of endosomes. In T lymphocytes, these vesicles contain pro-apoptotic Fas ligand (FasL), which may be secreted as ‘lethal exosomes’ upon fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane. Diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) regulate the secretion of exosomes, but it is unclear how this control is mediated. T-lymphocyte activation increases the number of MVBs that..., This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, BFU2007-61613 and BFU2010-18726. R Alonso was the recipient of a fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. A Fraile-Ramos is supported by the Ramón y Cajal Program. M Marsh is supported by the UK Medical Research Council. A Avila-Flores was supported by an AECC fellowship., Peer Reviewed

To study the asymmetric growth of reaction products, a PM Al/5 vol% Ni3Al composite was processed from commercially pure Al powder and argon atomized spherical Ni3Al powder particles in the size range of 100 to 125 μm in diameter. Samples about 10 mm in length were observed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reaction products formed at matrix/reinforcement interfaces were identified by energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis., Peer Reviewed

Editorial., Peer Reviewed

Brunet, Anne [et al.], Copy number variants (CNVs) are a substantial source of human genetic diversity, influencing the variable susceptibility to multifactorial disorders. Schizophrenia is a complex illness thought to be caused by a number of genetic and environmental effects, few of which have been clearly defined. Recent reports have found several low prevalent CNVs associated with the disease. We have used a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification-based (MLPA) method to target 140 previously reported and..., Peer Reviewed

The colonization of an implant surface by bacteria is an extremely important medical problem, which often leads to the failure of medical devices. Modern surface modification techniques, such as ion implantation, can confer to the surfaces very different properties from those of the bulk underlying material. In this work, austenitic stainless steel 316 LVM has been superficially modified by Si+ ion implantation. The effect of surface modification on the biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion..., Peer Reviewed

The purpose of this work is to study the elastoplastic properties of novel intermetallic coatings grown by hot dipping on medical steel 316 LVM and their correlation with the scratch resistance by means of instrumented ultramicroindentation techniques. Elasto-plastic properties are defined by the plasticity index (PI), which correlates the hardness and the Young's modulus, and the yield strength that delimits the elastic-plastic transition. To avoid overestimations of the PI due to the so-..., Peer Reviewed

12 paginas, 2 figuras y 7 tables, The distinction between true lekking and resource-defense mating systems is difficult in exploded-lekking species, where resources in male territories may influence female choice. Here, we propose the use of path analysis as a way to establish the relative importance of phenotypic characteristics versus food resources on mating success and hence decide whether a population is closer to one or the other extreme of an exploded lek-resource-defense continuum. Using great bustards Otis tarda as..., This work was supported by projects PB97-1252 and BOS2002-01543 of the Spanish Ministry for Science and Technology and CGL2008-02567 of the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation., Peer reviewed

16 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla, [EN]In this paper seasonal advance and maturity effects on the contents of ten bioelements (N, P, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) in a grass community from a Salamanca area pasture, are studied. N, P, K, Fe and Mn levels show a high decreasing tendency with maturity while those of Na and Ca send to increase. Influence by the plant stage is very little: Cu, Mg, and Zn show so effect at all. Seasonal advance largely affects to K, Mn, Fe, Ca and Na: causing a decrease in the contents of the first..., [ES]En este trabajo se hace un estudio de los efectos producidos por el cambio estacional y estado de madurez, sobre el contenido de diez bioelementos (N, P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu y Zn) en una comunidad herbácea (pradera semiagostante) enclavada en una dehesa de la provincia de Salamanca. Los niveles de N, P, K, Fe y Mn presentan una fuerte tendencia a decaer en los estados de madurez, mientras que los de Na y Ca tienden a incrementar. La influencia debida al estado de la planta es muy..., Peer reviewed

The corrosion behaviour of an Fe3Al-base intermetallic compound with different crystal structures in a chloride containing solution has been investigated. The corrosion current densities of this intermetallic were independent of the material crystal structure showing a passive state stable with time. These corrosion rates were of the same order of magnitude as for 316L stainless steel. The pitting corrosion resistance evaluated by means of cyclic anodic polarization curves was high for all..., This work was carried out under the umbrella of CEASI, Iron Aluminides program. The authors thank Shell Research Laboratories, Arnhem for the kind supply of material, and CICYT (Spain) for financial support under projects MAT95-0249-CO3-01 and MAT95-0796., Peer Reviewed

et al., Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) is one of the most common causes of stroke, and recent studies suggest that pathways initiated by the interaction of the plasma vitamin K-dependent protein GAS6 with the tyrosine kinase receptors TYRO3, AXL and MERTK (TAM) may have a relevant role in atherogenesis. Furthermore, our previous studies indicated an association between GAS6 and stroke. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic association between SNPs and haplotypes in GAS6-TAM genes and CA. We..., Peer Reviewed

During embryonic development, the aristaless-type homeodomain protein Alx3 is expressed in the forehead mesenchyme and contributes to the regulation of craniofacial development. In the adult, Alx3 is expressed in pancreatic islets where it participates in the control of glucose homoeostasis. In the present study,we investigated the transcriptional regulation of Alx3 gene expression in these two cell types.We found that the Alx3 promoter contains two E-box regulatory elements, named EB1 and EB2..., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [grant number BFU2008-01283], the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant number BFU2011-24245], and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. CIBERDEM (Centro de Investigacion Biom ´ edica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab ´ olicas Asociadas) ´ is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. P.G.-S. was supported by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation., Peer Reviewed

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In this paper, we present a technique that can give information on surface metallic inclusions embedded in a host material, i.e. by the magnetic sensing of local thermoelectric currents produced when a temperature gradient is established in the material. These thermoelectric currents generate flux magnetic densities that are detected by a highly sensitive magnetometer. A comparison between reported analytical results with experimental data of the magnetic field produced by thermoelectric..., Peer Reviewed

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12 páginas, 8 figuras.-- et al., Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes correlate with impaired leptin and insulin signaling. Insulin receptor substrate-2 deficient (IRS2 -/-) mice are an accepted model for the exploration of alterations in these signaling pathways and their relationship with diabetes; however, disturbances in hypothalamic signaling and the effect on neuropeptides controlling food intake remain unclear. Our aim was to analyze how leptin and insulin signaling may differentially affect the expression of..., This work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI10/0747), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2009-08114), CIBERobn (CB03/06), CIBERdem and Fundación Endocrinología y Nutrición. E.B.R. is supported by a fellowship from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (CD07/00256), S.C. is supported by CIBERobn and A.G.R. and J.R.C. by CIBERdem, Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Peer Reviewed

The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) regulates transcription of genes that play important roles in glial activation. Previous studies have shown the astroglial expression of C/EBPδ but the microglial expression of C/EBPδ remains virtually unexplored, with the exception of two microarray studies. In this report, using murine primary cultures and BV2 cells we clearly demonstrate that C/EBPδ is expressed by microglia and it is upregulated in microglial activation...., Contract grant sponsor: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health; Contract grant number: PI040778; Contract grant sponsor: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health; Contract grant number: PI050658; Contract grant sponsor: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health; Contract grant number: PI070455; Contract grant sponsor: Fundació Marató-TV3; Contract grant number: V-2006-TV063031-O; Contract grant sponsor: IDIBAPS (to AEO); Contract grant sponsor..., Peer Reviewed

Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implant materials for dental and orthopaedic applications due to their advantageous bulk mechanical properties and biocompatibility, compared to other metallic biomaterials. In order to improve their wear and corrosion resistance, several surface modifications that give rise to an outer ceramic layer of rutile have been developed. The ability of rutile wear debris to stimulate the release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages has not been..., Peer Reviewed

We evaluate whether 1,25(OH)2D3 downregulates TP73 variants in colon and breast carcinomas, the role of survivin in this context, and the significance of this network in the clinic. Tumor cells were treated/untreated with 1,25(OH)2D3 and transiently transfected with survivin. Levels of survivin and TP73 variants were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. In 75 colon and 60 breast cancer patients, the expressions of survivin and TP73 isoforms were determined. Tumor..., Supported by: Fundación MMA, Grant numbers: FIS PI08/0605, ISCIII-RTICC-RD06/0020/0020, ISCIII-ATC and SAF2007-60214., Peer Reviewed

The effect of Cr- and Y-implantation on the isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviour in air of a boron doped Ni3Al alloy at 585 and 900°C for up to 200 h is discussed. Yttrium implantation proved to be detrimental, causing slightly higher oxidation rates at both temperatures, while the scale formed at 900°C on Y implanted Ni3Al was prone to spallation. After 200 h at 585°C (isothermal or cyclic oxidation) the scale consisted of an outer NiO layer, an intermediate layer of pure Ni, and an..., Peer Reviewed

The isothermal-oxidation behavior of nonimplanted and Cr-implanted Ni3Al obtained by powder metallurgy (PM) was investigated at 585, 635, and 900 °C for exposures up to 200 hr. For the nonimplanted material, the mass gain at 900 °C was lower than that found at 635 °C, whereas for the implanted material the oxidation rate increased with temperature, as expected. Furthermore, Cr implantation significantly reduced the oxidation rate with respect to the non-implanted material particularly at the..., Peer Reviewed

HSA solutions account for 14% of the world market for plasma products. Albumin is indicated for reestablishing and maintaining circulatory volume in situations resulting from traumatic shock, surgery, or blood loss. Albumin is also used in extracorporeal liver support devices that perform blood dialysis against this protein. However, the protein composition of therapeutic albumin is only partially known. We performed an exhaustive analysis of albumin composition using a proteomic approach. Low..., This work was partially funded by GAMBRO AB (Hechingen, Germany), a grant from the Ministerio de Educacion (SAF2005-03649), Spain, and the Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain., Peer Reviewed

The evolution of the NiAl (β) intermetallic phase in NiCrAl and NiCrAlX (X ≡ Nb, Ta, Mo) alloys after heat treatments has been studied by quantitative metallographic techniques and hardness tests to investigate the effect of different refractory elements. Other phases observed have been γ (nickel-rich solid solution), γ' (Ni3Al) and α (chromium-rich solid solution). The alloys are two phase close to the solidus surface. Refractory elements have a stabilizing effect on β but do not change..., Peer Reviewed

Somatotrophs produce growth hormone (GH) and are the most abundant secretory cells of the pituitary. Somatotrophs express the transcription factor Pit-1 and the dependence receptor RET, its co-receptor GFRa1 and ligand GDNF. Pit-1 is a transcription factor essential for somatotroph proliferation and differentiation and for GH expression. GDNF represses excess Pit-1 expression preventing excess GH. In the absence of GDNF, RET behaves as a dependence receptor, becomes intracellularly processed..., This project has been supported by grants Xunta de Galicia-MICINN-FEDER, 06PXIB208107PR, 09CSA011208PR, BFU2007-60571 and BFU2010-16652 to CVA. E D-R has been an Anxeles Alvariño fellow and M G-L is a Lucas Labrada fellow (Xunta de Galicia). These programs are co-financed by the European Community (Fondo Social Europeo)., Peer Reviewed

Major plasma protein families play different roles in blood physiology and hemostasis and in immunodefense. Other proteins in plasma can be involved in signaling as chemical messengers or constitute biological markers of the status of distant tissues. In this respect, the plasma phosphoproteome holds potentially relevant information on the mechanisms modulating these processes through the regulation of protein activity. In this work we describe for the first time a collection of phosphopeptides..., This work was supported by grant BIO2008-03369 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación., Peer Reviewed

Metallic biomaterials are preferred for replacements of the hard tissues since they are the most suitable to withstand the mechanical loads. For same components the higher surface roughness is preferred to increase the adherence and anchorage between the implant and the bone. In this work sandblasting prior to the oxidation is used to increase the surface roughness of the oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) FeCrAl alloy. The effect of sandblasting on its oxidation and corrosion behaviour is..., Peer Reviewed

Abstract Background ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN), one of the CtBP family proteins, plays a major role in microtubule-dependent cell morphogenesis. Microarray analysis of mammalian AN homologs suggests that AN might function as a transcriptional activator and regulator of a wide range of genes. Genetic characterization of AN mutants suggests that AN might be involved in multiple biological processes beyond cell morphology regulation. Results Using a reverse genetic approach, we provide in this paper the..., This work was supported by the Rutgers-University start-up funds and the RU-FAIR Mini-Grant # 430074 to SOK., Peer Reviewed

XVII European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy, Madrid 8-13 September 2013, Peer reviewed

This paper presents the influence of substrate roughness on the corrosion behaviour of the Al2O3/MA 956 system. An alumina layer of thickness 1-5μm was generated of the MA956 alloy by thermal oxidation at 1100°C using different exposure times. This Al2O3/MA 956 system with a polished substrate has shown excellent corrosion behaviour in a physiological fluid, due to the fact that the α-Al2O3 layer formed is dense, continuous and firmly adhered to the substrate, irrespective of the scale..., Peer Reviewed

Thermal oxidation of Ti6Al4V increases the thickness, modifies the structure, and changes the amount of alloying elements of the surface titanium dioxide layer with respect to the spontaneous passive layer of Ti6Al4V. The effects on the surface properties of Ti6Al4V and thermally oxidized Ti6Al4V after different periods of UV irradiation have been studied by measurement of water, formamide, and diiodomethane contact angles. The rate of modification of the water contact angle with the..., Peer Reviewed

The effect of cooling rate on the hardening kinetics at 475°C was examined. Three cooling conditions were used, namely, water, air, and furnace cooling. It was found that the net effect of different cooling rates after high-temperature annealing is to increase the hardness of the material with decreasing the cooling rate., Peer Reviewed

Tafenoquine (TFQ), an 8-aminoquinoline used to treat and prevent Plasmodium infections, could represent an alternative therapy for leishmaniasis. Indeed, TFQ has shown significant leishmanicidal activity both in vitro and in vivo, where it targets Leishmania mitochondria and activates a final apoptosis-like process. In order not to jeopardize the life span of this potential antileishmania drug, it is important to determine the likelihood that Leishmania will develop resistance to TFQ and the..., Peer Reviewed

The effect of two biomaterials, polyethylene and α-alumina, on interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion and expression has been studied in human osteoblasts in primary culture. Human osteoblastic cells were derived from fresh trabecular bone explants removed during total knee arthroplasty. On reaching confluence, cells were subcultured in 6 well plates; the resulting subcultures were incubated until confluence and polyethylene or α-alumina particles were added to some while the rest were left as controls..., Peer Reviewed

4 p., The Asteraceae are one of the largest families of angiosperms, comprising 24,000 to 30,000 species in over 1,600 to 2,000 genera. It has a worldwide distribution, with the exception of Antarctica and includes many economically important species which are used, for example, as foods, medicines, and ornamentals. Asteraceae species are the target of many evolutionary studies and more recently they have also become the focus of new genome sequencing programs. New model species for evolutionary-..., Grant sponsor: DGICYT (Spanish Government Projects); Grant numbers: CGL2007-64839-C02-01/BOS; CGL2007-64839-C02-02/BOS; CGL2010-22234-C02-01/BOS; CGL2010-22234-C02-02/BOS. Grant sponsor: Generalitat de Catalunya ("Ajuts a grups de recerca consolidats"); Grant numbers: 2005SGR00344; 2009SGR0439. Grant sponsor: MEC-CSIC (Intramural project); Grant number: 2006301241, Peer reviewed

This article deals with the effects of the α-Al2O3 scale (∼5 μm) developed during preoxidation (1100 °C/100 hours) of MA 956 on its room-temperature tensile behavior. The tensile tests were made in the strain-rate range of 10-5 to 10-1 s-1. It is shown that the scale, fine and tightly adherent to the substrate, affects the tensile behavior in two relevant ways. First, the yield strength and the tensile strength are lowered with respect to those of the scale-free material. This is explained in..., Peer Reviewed

XVII European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy, Madrid 8-13 September, 1985 (EUCMOS XVII), Peer reviewed

Symmetrical methylation of cytosine residues at CpG dinucleotides of the DNA molecule is a central epigenetic and heritable hallmark of the genome. This epigenetic modification of DNA is directly associated with a closed molecular conformation of the chromatin fibre which is, in turn, intrinsically linked to an inactive transcriptional status. Thus, DNA methylation is a major determinant of the functional outcome of the nucleus. Equally important, DNA methylation is also involved in the large-..., J.E. is a Ramon y Cajal Programme investigator, supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2008-00609). M.E. is an ICREA Research Professor supported by the Health (FIS PI08 1345) and Education and Science (I+D+I MCYT08-03 and Consolider MEC09-05) Departments of the Spanish Government, the Health Department of the Catalan Government and the European Union (FP7 CANCERDIP)., Peer Reviewed

22 páginas, La constatación de que nuestro planeta se encuentra inmerso en un proceso de calentamiento global, al que subyace la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero como consecuencia de la actividad humana, ha centrado la atención en el impacto que este cambio puede provocar sobre la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Los ecosistemas polares se vislumbran entre los más vulnerables del planeta, aunque aún no se ha evaluado suficientemente el alcance de los efectos derivados de esta alteración. El Año Polar..., Finnancial support of the BBVA Foundation, Peer reviewed

Preoxidation treatment of MA 956 superalloy at 1100°C produces a fine and tightly adherent α-alumina layer at the surface, which provides the alloy with an excellent barrier against a great variety of aggressive environments. In this work the protective capacity of the alumina/alloy system is evaluated in a physiological medium by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical response of the material is modelled by equivalent circuits which provide the most relevant..., Peer Reviewed

The majority of Middle Pleistocene open sites with lithic assemblages known from rhe central area of the Iberian Peninsula are located in fluvial deposits. Sites with both faunal and lithic remains in low energy or undisturbed sedimentary contexts are rare, comprising the Torralba and Ambrona localities (Soria), subject to re-excavation since 1933, and two other sites, Aridos 1 and 2, located in the Jarama valley near Madrid. Another site, Cuesta de la Bajada, near Teruel (Santonja et al. 1982..., Peer reviewed

8 paginas y 2 figuras, [EN] We studied the range of juvenile dispersal and adult seasonal movements in the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population of Villafáfila Reserve, NW Spain, using data from censuses and individual marking between 1983 and 1994. Thirty birds (22 males, 8 females) of those marked as young were seen during their juvenile dispersal outside the Reserve, at distances of up to 63 km, preferentially northeastwards, over an area of 2800 km2. All males and 40% of females abandoned the Reserve during..., [ES] Extension y patrones de movimientos de las Avurardas (Otis tarda) de Villafafila. Se estudiaron la amplitud y los patrones de movimientos de las Avutardas (Otis tarda) de la Reserva de Villafafila, a partir de datos de censos y marcaje individual durante 1983-94. Treinta individuos (22 machos, 8 hembras) de los marcados como pollos fueron vistos durante su dispersion juvenil fuera de la Reserva, a distancias de hasta 63 km, preferentemente hacia noreste, siendo la superficie cubierta por..., This paper is a contribution to project PB91- 0081 of the Direccion General de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica, Peer reviewed

15 páginas, 6 tablas.-- Con la colaboración técnica de: J. Holgado, M.A. Sánchez y J. Bustos, [EN]To carry our analysis quickly and precisely is perhaps the main object of any laboratory whatever its aim may be. Analysis technic by infrared ray reflectance gives one of the simpler, quicker and more precise and economic methods known up to date for the quantification of determined parametres. In the present paper an automatic analysis machine by I.R.S. is calibrated for rutinary determination of Protein, NDF, ADF, Lignine, DNDF and DMD in herbage plants. A statistical analysis of the..., [ES]La determinación rápida y precisa de análisis es quizás el principal objetivo de todo laboratorio, sea cual fuere el fin a que esté destinado. La técnica de análisis por reflectancia de rayos infrarrojos proporciona uno de los métodos más simples, rápido, preciso y económico que hasta la fecha se conoce para la cuantificación de determinados parámetros. En el presente estudio se calibra un aparato de análisis automático de reflectancia de I.R. para la determinación rutinaria de proteína,..., Peer reviewed

[EN] Fifty-one homegardens from the high river Ter valley and neighbouring districts (Pyrenees, Iberian peninsula) have been studied from plant biodiversity (including agrobiodiversity) and ethnobotanical points of view. A catalogue of the plants growing in the gardens has been built and several features from the homegardens and their owners have also been compiled and analyzed in order to characterize this agroecosystem which is strongly threatened in the industrialized countries. The area of..., [FR]Cinquante et un jardins potagers familiaux de la haute vallée du Ter et des contrées voisines (Pyrénées, péninsule Ibérique) ont été étudiés des points de vue de la biodiversité végétale (y compris l'agrobiodiversité) et l'eth- nobotanique. On a établi un catalogue des plantes et quelques traits des jardins et de leurs propriétaires ont été compilés et analysés afin de caractériser cet agroécosystème, qui est fortement menacé dans les pays industrialisés. La surface des jardins..., Peer Reviewed

PM2000 is a ferritic alloy obtained by powder metallurgy and is being investigated for potential applications as a biomaterial. This work aimed to assess the biological compatibility and to determine the influence of the processing route and further recrystallisation treatment on the magnetic behaviour. The magnetic behaviour has been analysed as a function of the hysteresis loop obtained by using an inductive method. The biocompatibility has been tested using human osteoblast-like cells seeded..., Peer Reviewed

El pdf del artículo es el manuscrito de autor., Mitochondria are known to actively regulate cell death with the final phenotype of demise being determined by the metabolic and energetic status of the cell. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is a critical event in cell death, as it regulates the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction and the release of intermembrane proteins that function in the activation and assembly of caspases. In addition to the crucial role of proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, the lipid composition of..., The work was supported by grants: SAF2006-06780, SAF2008-02199, SAF2008-04974 and SAF2009-11417, BFU2005-06095 (Plan Nacional de I+D), PI070193 and PI060395 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), P50-AA-11999 (Research Center for Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) and by CIBEREHD from the Instituto Carlos III., Peer Reviewed

PM 2000 is a Ni-free oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy able to develop a fine, dense and tightly adherent α-alumina scale during high-temperature oxidation. Despite the high temperature involved during thermal oxidation (1100°C), microstructural changes in the candidate material, a hot rolled product, hardly occurs. Consequently, the good mechanical properties of the as-received material are not significantly affected. Moreover, due to the high compressive residual stresses at the..., Peer Reviewed

Patients with psychosis have an increased prevalence of hyperlipidemia. We compared fasting concentrations of lipids in newly diagnosed, antipsychotic-naïve patients with nonaffective psychosis (N=87) and control subjects (N=92). After accounting for gender, age, smoking, socioeconomic status, and body mass index, there was no significant difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, or triglycerides. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd., This work was supported in part by NARSAD (Dr. Fernandez-Egea), the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Enfermedades Mentales RD06/0011/006 (Dr. Bernardo), and grant RO1 DK069265 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (Dr. Kirkpatrick)., Peer Reviewed

In this work anodic polarisation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are combined to evaluate the integrity of the alumina layer generated >in situ> at high temperature (1100 °C/ 3 h) on MA956 alloy. The SEM observations did not show the presence of voids or porosity in the alumina layer and a good adherence was revealed with the metallic substrate. The electrochemical response of the scale/metal system has been evaluated at different points of the anodic polarisation..., Peer Reviewed

[Background/Aim]: Blocking N-glycosylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by tunicamycin inhibits its cellular accumulation. Due to the toxic potential of this drug, finding less drastic routes to reduce EGFR expression is desirable. [Materials and Methods]: Four glycosylation mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with defects in N-glycan processing and branch-end maturation were tested for EGFR gene expression, production, functionality and routing after transfection..., This work was generously supported by grants (to AV) from the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (SAF2011-23494), the Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid (S2011/BMD-2349), and the European Commission (MRTN-CT-2005-19561 and PITN-GA-2011-289033); as well as by grants (to HJG) from the research initiative LMUexcellent, the Verein zur Förderung des biologisch-technologischen Fortschritts in der Medizin e. V. and the EC Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-..., Peer Reviewed

In the last few years the Fe-base oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) PM 2000 alloy has been shown to be a biomaterial for its outstanding combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this work, we are describing the effect of high temperature annealing at 1100°C (pre-oxidation) and low temperature annealing at 475°C on the main mechanical properties at room temperature, with particular emphasis on tensile and fatigue properties, which are suitable for achieving the..., Peer Reviewed

Hearing aids or cochlear implants constitute almost exclusively the treatment options currently available to patients suffering from sensorineural hearing loss and related conditions, such as noise-induced hearing loss, ototoxicity or autoimmune inner ear disease. While some systemic treatments exist, they generally exert adverse secondary effects and their efficacy is hampered by the blood-cochlear barrier that limits drug access to the inner ear. Hence, the new therapies that are being..., Peer Reviewed

Artemisia is one of the largest genera of the family Asteraceae or Compositae, itself the biggest flowering plant family. It comprises around 600 taxa at specific and subspecific levels, present in all continents but Antarctica, mostly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with no more than 25 taxa in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus displays a huge ecological plasticity, with species occurring from sea level to high mountains and from arid zones to wetlands. Some species are cosmopolitan,..., This work was supported by the Spanish government (projects PB-88-0033, PB-93-0032, PB-97-1134, BOS2001-3041-C02-01, CGL2004-04563-C02-02, CGL2007-64839-C02-01 and 02/BOS, CGL2010-22234-C02-01 and 02/BOS), the Catalonian government (projects AR83-210, 1995SGR00087, 1998BEAI400180, 1999SGR-00332, 2001SGR00125, 2005SGR00344, 2009SGR00439), the Universitat de Barcelona (projects AR-UB-1985, GRC-UB-3120) and the MICINN research grants received by S. G., O. H., J. P. and M. S, Peer Reviewed

Resumen: El proyecto iniciado en 1990 en los yacimientos achelenses de Ambrona y Torralba (Soria, España) tiene como primer objetivo definir el marco natural en que se inscribe la actividad humana y delimitar su alcance. Junto a la descripción general de los trabajos efectuados basta 1997, presentamos aquí algunos resultados iniciales relativos a la geología, palinología, fauna e industria lítica del Complejo estratigráfico inferior de Ambrona., Abstract: In 1990 we initiated new investigations al the Lower Paleolithic sites of Ambrona and Torralba (Soria province, Spain). The purpose of the project is to define the natural framework in which human activity was inscribed and to delimit its scope. Together with the general description of the work carried out between 1990 and 1997 we present preliminary results on the geology, palinology, fauna and the lithic industry recovered in recent excavations of the Lower stratigraphic Complex of..., Peer reviewed

DUSP1/MKP1 is a dual-specific phosphatase that regulates MAPKs activity, with an increasingly recognized role in tumor biology. To understand more about the involvement of DUSP1 in lung cancer, we performed gene expression analyses of parental and DUSP1-interfered H460 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Downregulation of DUSP1 induced changes in the expression levels of genes involved in specific biological pathways, including angiogenesis, MAP kinase phosphatase activity, cell-cell..., Ibanez de Caceres was partially supported by the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (ISCIII) through the ‘Miguel Servet’ program (CP 08/000689); VM-A is a recipient of FIS fellowship. IS-P is in receipt of career development awards from the Ramón y Cajal program funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. This work was supported by PI05/2019, PI05/1305, PI06/1513, PI081485, PI09/1296, PS09/01285 and PS09/00472 (Spanish Health Ministry grant ‘Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria’),..., Peer Reviewed

Aim: This study aimed to identify the 'centres of endemism' of the Chinese spermatophyte flora in order to indirectly detect the locations of past glacial refugia. The role of these areas as places for plant survival ('plant museums') and/or areas for plant evolution and speciation ('plant cradles') was also assessed. Location China. Methods Distribution patterns of 555 plant endemic taxa, taken as a representative sample of the Chinese endemic flora, were mapped..., This contribution represents a substantial part of J.L.-P.’s post-doctoral research, and his stay in the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was partly subsidized by a post-doctoral grant (EX2005-0922) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) for the period February 2006–January 2008, and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-414)., Peer Reviewed

El pdf del artículo es el manuscrito de autor., While much is known about Groucho corepressors in Drosophila development, less is known about Grg homologs in mammalian embryogenesis. The transcription factors FoxA1 and FoxA2 are redundantly necessary for liver-inductive competence of the endoderm, and recently we found that FoxA factors bind Grg3, recruit the corepressor to FoxA target genes, and cause transcriptional repression, when Grg3 is ectopically expressed in adult liver cell lines that express little or no endogenous Grg...., The research was supported by a grant from the Dirección General de Investigación SAF-2007-60614 (MICINN) and Salvador de Madariaga Program (MEC) to P.S., a FPI predoctoral fellowship (MICINN) to P.R., an NIH CA-009035-34 postdoctoral fellowship to D.E.M., and NIH grant R37GM36477 toK.S.Z., Peer Reviewed

El pdf es la versión de autor.-- et al., Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (sBL) is a rapidly growing B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma whose treatment requires highly aggressive therapies that often result severely toxic. Identification of proteins whose expression or function is deregulated in sBL and play a role in its formation could facilitate development of less toxic therapies. We have previously shown that E2F1 expression is deregulated in sBL. We have now investigated the mechanisms underlying E2F1 deregulation and found that the E2F..., M.R.C is supported by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; SAF2010-15126). M.A.P. and S.M-M. were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RETICC, SAF2008-03871) and the Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC)., Peer Reviewed

11 páginas, 1 figura, 3 tablas, 20 referencias., [ES]: Los resultados para la adsorción de fosfato por tres diferentes óxidos de hierro en un amplio margen de valores de pH se ajustaban con una correlación muy alta tanto a la isoterma de Langmuir como a la de Freundlich, lo cual demuestra que los cálculos estadísticos no son suficientes para asignar uno de los dos modelos al proceso en las condiciones experimentales utilizadas. La variación de la adsorción máxima con el pH fue similar a los resultados encontrados por otros autores. El..., [EN]: Phosphate adsorption data for three different iron oxides at wide range of pH values fitted with a very high correlation to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which shows that statistical calculations are unable to assign either model to the procees in the present experimenta1 conditions. Variation of maximum adsorption with pH was similar to the results repored by other authors. Studies of heats of adsorption determined from adsorption isotherms at two different temperatures showed..., Peer reviewed

[EN] The switch comprises: a solid substrate having, anchored on the surface thereof, functionalized molecules of polychlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) in a radical or anion oxidation state, such that said molecules fonu a hydrophobic surface, a hydrophilic surface or a surface with hydrophobic areas and hydrophilic areas; and means for reversibly changing the oxidation state from radical to anion or vice versa locally on the substrate. The invention also relates to the memory device containing said..., [ES] El interruptor comprende un sustrato sólido que lleva anclado en su superficie moléculas de policlorotrifenilmetilo (PTM) funcionalizadas y en un estado de oxidación radical o anión, tal que proporcionan una superficie hidrofóbica, una superficie hidrofilica o una superficie con zonas hidrofóbicas y zonas hidrofilicas, y medios para cambiar reversiblemente dicho estado de oxidación de radical a anión o viceversa y localmente en el sustrato. La invención también se refiere al dispositivo de..., Peer reviewed, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

Résumé: Des fouilles récentes dans l'Éocene supérieur de Zambrana (Alava, Pays basque) ont livré des restes de vertébrés continentaux, les premiers découverts dans le bassin tertiaire de Miranda-Treviño. L'association fossile est composée de tortues (Chelonii indet.), crocodiliens (Diplocynodon sp.) et mammiferes, qui comprennent de possible insectivores (Lipotyphla indet.), carnivores (cf. Quercygale sp.), rongeurs (Theridomys aff. golpei, Elfomys aff. parvulus, Pseudosciurinae indet..., Abstract: Recent field work in the Upper Eocene of Zambrana (Alava, Basque Country) has yielded continental vertebrate remains, the first discovered in the Tertiary Miranda-Treviño Basin. The fossil association consists of turtles (Chelonii indet.), crocodilians (Diplocynodon sp.) and mammals, including possible insectivores (Lipotyphla indet.), carnivores (cf. Quercygale sp.), rodents (Theridomys aff golpei, Elfomys aff. parvulus, Pseudosciurinae indet., Glamys priscus), artiodactyls (..., Peer reviewed

13 páginas, 1 figura, 6 tablas.-- Con la colaboración técnica de: J. Bustos y J.M. Gutiérrez, [EN]Infrared reflectance spectroscopy (I.R.S) technique is studied for automatic evaluation and analysis of forage and fibrous food. Spectral curves of the forage reflectance clearly show that they are compound curves and characterstics of the various chemical constituents of grass. Such chemical constituents or quality factors are not directly determined by I.R.S. but they can be so, after calibration, through prediction equations obtained from composition samples or known animal responses...., [ES]Se estudia la técnica espectroscópica de la reflectancia infrarroja (E.R.I) para el análisis y evaluación automática de forrajes y alimentos fibrosos. Las curvas espectrales de la reflectancia de forrajes muestran claramente que se trata de curvas compuestas y características de los diversos constituyentes químicos de la hierba. Estos constituyentes químicos o factores de calidad no se determinan directamente por E.R.I., pero pueden determinarse, previa calibración, mediante ecuaciones de..., Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

16 páginas, Financial support of the BBVA Foundation, Peer reviewed

9 páginas, En el presente libro quedan esbozadas muchas preguntas y algunas respuestas surgidas de dos actividades complementarias: 1) El cuestionario contestado por el grupo de expertas/os que, aun sin tener valor estadístico, sí recopila un buen ramillete de opiniones autorizadas. 2) El foro público celebrado el día 8 de marzo de 2005, Día de la Mujer Trabajadora, en la sede de la Fundación BBVA en Madrid. Tras el resumen de ambas actividades, elaborado por Otilia Mó, se incluyen las presentaciones de..., Finalcial support of the BBVA Foundation., Peer reviewed

Le Clainche, Yvonnick ...et al.-- 13 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, supporting information http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GB003721/suppinfo, Ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced by marine biota is the largest natural source of atmospheric sulfur, playing a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols, and consequently affecting climate. Several dynamic process-based DMS models have been developed over the last decade, and work is progressing integrating them into climate models. Here we report on the first international comparison exercise of both 1D and 3D prognostic ocean DMS models. Four global 3D models were compared to..., We thank Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office for supporting the workshop. Support for participation of individual participants was provided by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, the U.K. Natural Environmental Research Council Advanced Research Fellowship, the North Pacific Research Board Project, the European Research and Training Network..., Peer Reviewed

This is a review of the biological processes and the main signaling pathways required to generate the different otic cell types, with particular emphasis on the actions of insulin-like growth factor I. The sensory organs responsible of hearing and balance have a common embryonic origin in the otic placode. Lineages of neural, sensory, and support cells are generated from common otic neuroepithelial progenitors. The sequential generation of the cell types that will form the adult inner ear..., Grant sponsor: MICINN, Spain; Grant number: SAF2008 and SAF2011; Grant sponsor: CSIC I3P., Peer Reviewed

The effect of the cooling rate from the preoxidation temperature on the room temperature tensile behaviour of the alloy MA 956 is analysed for scale free specimens and specimens with scale. It is shown that an increase in the cooling rate causes a decrease in yield stress and tensile strength. For scale free specimens, this effect is caused by less extensive precipitation of the Cr rich α′ phase at about 475°C and higher constraint of the tensile residual stresses associated with the difference..., Peer Reviewed

The oxidation behaviour of a powder metallurgical (PM) Ni3Al alloy prepared from powders of <25 or 100-200μm particle size has been investigated at 636°C for up to 1000 h exposure. With progressing oxidation time there is a significant increase in the oxidation rate which is associated with a change in the scale growth controlling layer. During the first 200 h, the scale consists of an outer NiO layer that controls the oxidation kinetics, a thin and discontinuous intermediate nickel layer,..., Peer Reviewed

The influence of grain size of alloy MA 956 on the oxidation kinetics and scale morphology is investigated at 900 and 1100 °C for up to 1000 h exposure. Specimens with grain sizes of about 3, 150, and 300 μm mean diameter were studied. Grain growth during oxidation was not observed. The results of this work at 1100 °C show that grain size of the alloy does not significantly influence the oxidation kinetics. At 900 °C, however, mass gain values for the small-and medium-grain size material are..., Peer Reviewed