The study of floral biology has long attracted the attention of plant biologists because of its enormous basic and applied implications, spanning from identification of the ecological and genetic drivers of flowering plant evolution to the performance of crop yields in agricultural systems. In a rapidly changing planet, floral biology studies acquire an utmost importance to comprehend the multiple ecological, economical, and social challenges ahead for humanity. In this special issue, we gathered a collection of papers dealing with various ecological, genetic, and evolutionary aspects of floral biology. This special issue encompasses 12 papers showcasing theoretical and empirical research on plant-pollinator communities, pollinators and pollination modes, floral ecology and genetics at various spatial scales, and the effects of warming-induced abiotic stress on floral biology. Overall, this special issue highlights the importance of long-term spatial and temporal studies, which require a collaborative effort of the research community, and the development of experimental approaches to quantify in detail the effects of human-induced abiotic stress, such as droughts and heatwaves, on plant reproduction., This research was funded by grant PID2023-147962NB-I00 from Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, UE) to F.X.P., grants PID2021-122715NB-I00 and TED2021-131037B-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER/UE) to J.A., and European Research Council (ERC AdG grant 101054177) to A.T., Peer reviewed

[ES] Islands are ecosystems particularly vulnerable to biological invasions due to their geographic isolation, high specialization and low pressure from natural predators and competition. In fact, invasive species have contributed to 86% of the extinctions of island endemic species. In this research, we review the ecological impacts of biological invasions on islands, both on the functional traits of native species and on different ecological functions and interactions. The introduction of species can affect the functional traits of species, either by increasing functional diversity by adding new traits into the ecosystem, or by reducing it by introducing redundant traits to those of native species. Ecological interactions, both mutualistic (pollination, seed dispersal, plant-microorganism) and antagonistic (herbivory, pathogenic parasitism, predation), can also be altered. The indirect impacts of invasive species, complex and difficult to quantify, can be crucial in island ecosystems, which are commonly affected by multiple invasive species that may interact with each other. Although non-native species can cause significant ecological disruptions, in some cases they can also functionally replace extinct native species. Addressing the knowledge gaps identified in this study will be essential to protect island ecosystems from biological invasions. Future research should adopt interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches that integrate contextual variation and the different levels of ecological organization. Promoting this type of research will be essential to design more effective conservation strategies aimed at preserving not only island biodiversity, but also the stability and functionality of these unique ecosystems., [EN] Islands are ecosystems particularly vulnerable to biological invasions due to their geographic isolation, high specialization and low pressure from natural predators and competition. In fact, invasive species have contributed to 86% of the extinctions of island endemic species. In this research, we review the ecological impacts of biological invasions on islands, both on the functional traits of native species and on different ecological functions and interactions. The introduction of species can affect the functional traits of species, either by increasing functional diversity by adding new traits into the ecosystem, or by reducing it by introducing redundant traits to those of native species. Ecological interactions, both mutualistic (pollination, seed dispersal, plant-microorganism) and antagonistic (herbivory, pathogenic parasitism, predation), can also be altered. The indirect impacts of invasive species, complex and difficult to quantify, can be crucial in island ecosystems, which are commonly affected by multiple invasive species that may interact with each other. Although non-native species can cause significant ecological disruptions, in some cases they can also functionally replace extinct native species. Addressing the knowledge gaps identified in this study will be essential to protect island ecosystems from biological invasions. Future research should adopt interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches that integrate contextual variation and the different levels of ecological organization. Promoting this type of research will be essential to design more effective conservation strategies aimed at preserving not only island biodiversity, but also the stability and functionality of these unique ecosystems., Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo en el marco de las actividades del Gobierno de España a través de la Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu 2023-2027 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) concedido al IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) (ref. CEX2021-001198) y al BC3 (ref. CEX2021-001201-M). El trabajo se enmarca también dentro del proyecto IslandLife (Ref. 101054177) financiado por el Consejo Europeo de Investigación (ERC, Advanced Grant). I. Donoso fue financiada por una beca postdoctoral Ikerbasque. M. Vollstädt fue financiado por una beca postdoctoral Marie Curie (Horizon-TMA-MSCA-101149502)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Maria de Maeztu Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001198)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Maria de Maeztu Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001201-M)., Peer reviewed