Comunicación presentada en The International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast. FORTMED 2023, Pisa, 23, 24 and 25 March 2023., [EN] The district of Baza took up more than a fourth of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada, the last Islamic region in the Iberian Peninsula (thirteenth to fifteenth centuries). This area encompassed the northern highlands of
this region, the Almanzora river valley and other areas that would later be incorporated into the province of Almeria. The province of Granada came to include the municipalities that nowadays constitute the Baza and Huéscar highlands. There are more than thirty preserved watchtowers in these areas. They are in strategic points with wide visibility, enabling communication through smoke signals during daylight or beacons at night. In the Nasrid period this system was reinforced, and new towers were built in locations of special relevance. They are usually made in masonry with gravel filling, with circular base and cylindrical or tapered shape, with the solid base and a single chamber with elevated access for the tower watch, from which the plume of smoke could rise through a hole in the terrace. The upper part was intended for the canopy and, if necessary, to make a beacon. This network not only allowed the information about what was happening in the district to reach the main fortresses, and ultimately, to arrive to the Alhambra citadel, the seat of the Nasrid dynasty. This paper is focused in the digital survey that has been carried out on the towers preserved in these areas, in the northern border of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada, allowing a
scientific and comparative analysis of this group of defensive elements from a morphological, architectural and constructive point of view., La investigación ha sido realizada en el marco del proyecto I+D+i de Excelencia del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades: “Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada: análisis y documentación científica (NAZALAYA)” (HAR 2016 - 79689 - P),cofinanciado con fondos FEDER, dirigido por Luis José García-Pulido y Jonathan Ruiz-Jaramillo y desarrollado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Málaga., Peer reviewed

https://www.eea.csic.es/publicaciones-del-csic-estudios-arabes/ciencias-de-la-naturaleza-en-al-andalus-x-2019/
https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/225117, [ES] El establecimiento y desarrollo de la ciudad palatina, convertida en sede de la dinastía nazarí a partir de 1238, solo fue posible gracias a la creación y evolución de un complejo y a la vez flexible sistema hidráulico que permitió un asentamiento humano permanente en la Colina Roja. Gracias a un suministro de agua estable y continuado, se transformó un entorno hostil en uno de los más refinados y sofisticados complejos áulicos, caracterizado por el equilibrio entre los edificios construidos y los espacios de cultivo en huertas y jardines., Este texto ha sido escrito en el marco del Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i titulado «Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica» (HAR2016- 79689-P), del Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia, Peer reviewed

[EN] The castle of Montefrío (Granada) was one of the fortresses that formed the last line of defense of the
Nasrid kingdom. After its surrender, in 1486, the castle served as a Castilian border stronghold until the
fall of the Nasrid capital, Granada, six years later, which put an end to the Christian conquest of al-Andalus.This work tries to analyze the evolution of the hill were the castle is, from the implantation of the
Nasrid fortress to the present day, through the continuous transformations from a citadel, a military fortress, a church and, today, a centre of interpretation. This place is a territorial and landscape landmark that
has shaped the environment of Montefrío and has been a key piece in its history and in its urban development. The study focuses on the analysis of the evolution of the constructive techniques developed by the
Nasrid and the Castilian for the defense of this stronghold, through the archaeological remains preserved in
the site. The preliminary study of this castle is a starting point for a deeper investigation that will be
extended to other fortresses in the mountainous region between Córdoba and Granada. The study of the
castle of Montefrío is therefore a methodological approach that will serve as the basis for a more extensive
territorial research., Este trabajo ha sido realizado como parte de la investigación doctoral de Rafael Moreno Guerrero
y en el marco del Proyecto I+D+i “Las atalayas que defendieron el reino de nazarí de Granada.
Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)” (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación
Científica y Técnica de Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, HAR2016-79689-P, 2017-2020), convocatoria de 2016, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER; así como en el proyecto I+D+i en el marco del Programa Operativo Feder Andalucía 2014-2020, de la Convocatoria de la Universidad de Málaga para proyectos retos y frontera, convocatoria de 2018,
titulado “Documentación gráfica de los castillos y alcazabas medievales conservados en Andalucía. Puesta al día del conocimiento y difusión de este legado patrimonial” (UMA18-FEDERJA257).

[EN] This article deals with the analysis of the conserved remains of the water storage system of the Castle
the Rock or the High Fortress of Martos (La Peña or Fortaleza Alta de Martos), which constituted the
castle and main headquarters of the Master of the Order of Calatrava at the Commander of Martos between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The elements that compose it make a unique hydraulic
complex that still allows to be recognized and documented.
Due to its importance and meaning, this castle is one that better shows the constructive techniques and
the polyorcetic typologies developed and updated by this Order in its Commands in Castile-La Manche
and Andalusia. The hydraulic system to supply water to this rocky fortress is a reflect of these technology, and it is unique in its design and layout., Este trabajo ha sido realizado como parte de la investigación doctoral de Fernando Ortega Camacho y en el marco del Proyecto I+D+i “Las atalayas que defendieron el reino de nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)” (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, HAR2016-79689-P, 2017-2020), convocatoria de 2016, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER; así como en el proyecto I+D+i en el marco del Programa Operativo Feder Andalucía 2014- 2020, de la Convocatoria de la Universidad de Málaga para proyectos retos y frontera, convocatoria de 2018, titulado “Documentación gráfica de los castillos y alcazabas medievales conservados en Andalucía. Puesta al día del conocimiento y difusión de este legado patrimonial” (UMA18-FEDERJA-257).

[EN] The Spanish coast preserves many watchtowers as an important cultural heritage. They testify the insecurity of this maritime border in different historical periods, especially during the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, when it was attacked regularly by what has come to be known as Berber piracy.
The territory of Vélez-Málaga was not alien to this process and, after the Castilian conquest of the Axarquía region in the late fifteenth century, the western border between the Christian and the Islamic
kingdoms of the western Mediterranean moved to the southeaster coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
The municipal district of Vélez-Málaga has an important architectural and archaeological heritage
from different origins, including its defensive structures. They belong to a broader military system in the
territory that consisted of coastal and inland watchtowers, farmstead towers, fortified enclosures in addition to the castle and the urban walls of Vélez-Málaga.
This paper presents the first data obtained from the diagnosis of this heritage in the frame of the programme of conservation of the defensive architecture from the municipality of Vélez-Málaga., Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del
Proyecto I+D+i “Las atalayas que defendieron el
reino de nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)” (Programa Estatal
de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y
Técnica de Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, HAR2016-
79689-P, 2017-2020), convocatoria de 2016, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER. El estudio de las
torres conservadas en este término municipal ha
permitido la realización de la diagnosis de estas
torres dentro del programa de arquitectura defensiva del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de VélezMálaga (EDUSI O.T.6 – 0.E.6.3.4 Rehabilitación y Promoción del Patrimonio Histórico,
VM-OT6-LA1).