This work provides open access to the data compiled for the following paper Marcelo Bruno Pessôa, Fernanda Alves-Martins, Paulo De Marco Junior and Joaquín Hortal. Unveiling the drivers of local dung beetle species richness in the Neotropics, Journal of Biogeography 2021. See the original paper for more details., This database is based on a survey of published literature on dung beetle communities to extract information on species richness, abundance, type of bait, type of habitat, and sampling effort (as hours/pitfall) for different localities, discarding sites with low sampling effort. We used environmental variables to account for six possible explanations of species richness gradients: productivity, water–energy, ambient energy, habitat heterogeneity, resource heterogeneity, and seasonality, as well as spatial data to account for other geographically-structured phenomena. In total the database contains data for 300 localities., This work was supported by the projects ‘Predicting diversity variations across scales through process-based models linking community ecology and biogeography’ (CNPq PVE 314523/2014-6), and SCENIC - ‘Scaling the effects of niche and interaction dynamics on the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of coexistence’ (PID2019-106840GB-C21, funded by AEI/FEDER, UE). MBP was supported by CAPES grants PROEX-0487 and 88881.135489/2016-01, and FAM by CAPES Postdoctoral scholarship 120147/2016-01. PDMJ research is funded by CNPq (grant 308694/2015-5). This paper is a contribution of the INCT in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation founded by MCTIC/CNPq/FAPEG (grant 465610/2014-5)., Contains: 1. Excel file with Data, Database Legend, Data Origin, and Consulted Literature., Peer reviewed

[EN] Dataset of publicly available biodiversity information of mosses records from the temperate region of the Northern Hemisphere. It contains 9,195,062 occurrences result of the compilation, cleaning, enrichment and validation from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF 2021; phylum=Bryophyta), the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN), Consortium of North American Bryophyte Herbaria (CNABH) and the Integrated digitized biocollections (iDigBio). This database was created to assess and quantify how the application of different filters and taxonomic standardization databases affect the spatial patterns of species richness (Ronquillo et al, not published)., [ES] Conjunto de datos con los 9,195,062 registros disponibles públicamente de presencias de musgos en la región templada del hemisferio norte. Los datos contenidos han sido compilados, limpiados y validados a partir de los registros presentes en el portal de datos de biodiversidad 'Global Biodiversity Information Facility' (GBIF 2021; filo=Bryophyta), 'Botanical Information and Ecology Network' (BIEN), 'Consortium of North American Bryophyte Herbaria' (CNABH) y el portal 'Integrated digitized biocollections' (iDigBio). Esta base de datos fue creada con el objetivo de analizar si la aplicación de diferentes filtros de limpieza de datos y métodos de estandarización taxonómica afectan a la distribución geográfica de la riqueza de especies (Ronquillo et al, no publicado)., This work is part of the project SCENIC - Escalando los efectos de las dinámicas de nicho e interacciones en las consecuencias ecológicas y evolutivas de la coexistencia / Scaling the effects of niche and interaction dynamics on the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of coexistence [PID2019-106840GB-C21] (Proyecto coordinado)
Project SCENIC, grant PID2019-106840GB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, No

Dataset of publicly available biodiversity information of mosses records of six different species.
The selected species are Tortella squarrosa (Brid.) Limpr., Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr, Ptychostomum capillare (Hedw.) D.T.Holyoak & N.Pedersen, Homalothecium aureum (Spruce) H.Rob. and Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.
The dataset contains 322,595 occurrences result of the compilation, cleaning, enrichment and validation from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (see 'is.based.on' field to check download citations from GBIF).
This database was elaborated to develope species distribution models and make predictions of their future geographical distribution based on different climate change scenarios., This work was part of the project UNITED Unifying niches, interactions and distributions: A common theoretical framework for geographic range dynamics and local coexistence (CGL2016-78070-P, funded by AEI/FEDER, UE) and SCENIC - Escalando los efectos de las dinámicas de nicho e interacciones en las consecuencias ecológicas y evolutivas de la coexistencia / Scaling the effects of niche and interaction dynamics on the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of coexistence [PID2019-106840GB-C21] (Proyecto coordinado) Project SCENIC, grant PID2019-106840GB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, No

This work provides open access to the data compiled for the following paper Indradatta deCastro-Arrazola, Francisco Sánchez-Piñero, Marco Moretti & Joaquín Hortal. Spatial and seasonal trait selection in dung beetle assemblages along an aridity gradient in the Sahara, currently under review. See the original paper for more details., This database provides average trait measurements for dung beetles surveyed a c. 400 km linear transect following a strong aridity gradient parallel to the Morocco-Algerian border from the semiarid Mediterranean coast in the North towards the hyperarid (i.e. extremely dry) conditions of the Sahara toward the South (see deCastro-Arrazola et al. PeerJ 2018). All morphological traits were measured with a Leica M165C microscope, using Leica Application Suite LAS V4.0 with the Z-builder module to process the images and obtain the measurements. Not all traits could be measured in all 61 species sampled in the study. Adult trophic preferences and dung relocation strategy for feeding purposes (both qualitative traits) were obtained from the literature and expert knowledge. For these categorical traits, values could be assigned with confidence to all species. For continuous traits, we aimed at measuring 10 individuals per species, and finally 80% of species had measures for 5 or more individuals due to the limited numbers of individuals in the samples. The individuals measured for each species were chosen from as many localities as possible to maximise intraspecific trait variation, covering their distribution along the gradient. In total, we measured 23 traits on 347 individuals (mean 5.8 and median 5.0 individuals per species) leading to a total of more than 7000 measurements, complemented with further categorical traits gathered from literature or our own observations in the field., I. deCastro-Arrazola was funded by a FPI grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BES-2012-054353). Surveys and data processing were supported by the Spanish Agency of Innovation (AEI) project SCARPO (grant CGL2011-29317). This work is part of AEI project SCENIC (PID2019-106840GB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).", Peer reviewed

The species included in the dataset are:
Antitrichia californica Sullivant, 1865
Brachytheciastrum velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen
Fabronia pusilla Raddi, 1808
Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort
Grimmia lisae De Notaris, 1837
Grimmia pulvinata Smith, 1807
Grimmia trichophylla Greville, 1824
Hedwigia ciliata Palisot de Beauvois, 1805
Homalothecium aureum H.Robinson, 1962
Homalothecium sericeum W.P.Schimper, 1851
Hypnum cupressiforme Hedwig, 1801
Leucodon sciuroides Schwaegrichen, 1816
Orthotrichum acuminatum Philibert, 1881
Orthotrichum affine Schrader ex Bridel, 1801
Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrader ex Bridel, 1801
Orthotrichum lyellii W.J.Hooker & Taylor, 1818
Orthotrichum comosum F.Lara, R.Medina & Garilleti
Orthotrichum philibertii Venturi, 1878
Orthotrichum pumilum Swartz, 1801
Orthotrichum rupestre Schleicher ex Schwaegrichen, 1816
Orthotrichum schimperi Hammar
Orthotrichum speciosum Nees, 1819
Orthotrichum stramineum Hornschuch, 1827
Orthotrichum striatum Hedwig, 1801
Orthotrichum tenellum Bruch ex Bridel, 1827
Syntrichia papillosa Juratzka, 1882
Syntrichia princeps Mitten, 1859
Syntrichia virescens Ochyra, 1992

Some species have taxonomical disagreements between our dataset and GBIF:
Ptychostomum capillare (Hedw.) D.T.Holyoak & N.Pedersen as Bryum capillare Hedw.
Syntrichia laevipila Bridel, 1819 as Syntrichia pagorum Amann, 1918
Syntrichia ruralis Weber & D.Mohr, 1803 as Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn. et al.
Zygodon catarinoi C.Garcia, F.Lara, Sérgio & Sim-Sim as Zygodon bistratus Calabrese & J.Muñoz
Zygodon baumgartneri Malta as Zygodon rupestris W.P.Schimper ex Lorentz, 1865, [EN] Dataset of publicly available biodiversity information of global bryophyte records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; phylum=Bryophyta) of a selection of 33 bryophytes species. Species were selected by their presence in more of 15 forests of the 107 forests in the Northwest Iberian Peninsula dataset of the publication of Medina et al.(2015, Front. Biogeogr. 7). It contains 527,191 records, result of the compilation, cleaning, enrichment and validation from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and specialized checklists (Hill et al, 2006. An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia. J. Bryol. 28, 198–267.; and Ros et al, 2013. Mosses of the Mediterranean, an annotated checklist. Cryptogam. Bryol. 34, 99–283.), The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/) and TROPICOS (https://tropicos.org/home).
This database was created to build the models of bioclimatic niche hypervolumes of the bryophyte species for the publication of Hurtado et al. 2023 (Hurtado, F., Gonçalves, J., Hespanhol, H., Ronquillo, C., Estébanez, B., Aragón, P., Medina, N.G., Hortal, J., 2023. Bioclimatic niche similarity and species relatedness shift their influence on species co-occurrence in bryophyte forest communities across scales.[submitted for publication] for the Northwest Iberian bryophytes selected. It helps to characterize, in combination with bioclimatic datasets, the bioclimatic niches of the bryophytes selected, assesing the conditions met for the co-occurrences of the bryophyte species at different scales., [ES] Conjunto de datos disponibles públicamente de registros globales de briófitos del portal de datos de biodiversidad 'Global Biodiversity Information Facility'(GBIF; phylum=Bryophyta) de una selección de 33 especies de briófitos presentes en más de 15 bosques de los 107 bosques del sector noroccidental de la península Ibérica de la base de datos de la publicación de Medina et al. (2015 Epiphytic bryophytes of Quercus forests in Central and North inland Iberian Peninsula. Front. Biogeogr. 7.). Cuenta con 527,191 registros, resultado de la compilación, limpieza, validación y enriquecimiento de datos presentes en el portal de datos de biodiversidad 'Global Biodiversity Information Facility' y listas taxonómicas especializadas (Hill, 2006. An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia. J. Bryol. 28, 198–267.; and Ros et al. 2013. Mosses of the Mediterranean, an annotated checklist. Cryptogam. Bryol. 34, 99–283.), 'The Plant List' (http://www.theplantlist.org/) y 'TROPICOS' (https://tropicos.org/home).
Esta base de datos fue creada para construir los modelos de hipervolúmenes de nichos bioclimáticos de las especies de briófitos para la publicación de Hurtado et al.2023(Hurtado, F., Gonçalves, J., Hespanhol, H., Ronquillo, C., Estébanez, B., Aragón, P., Medina, N.G., Hortal, J., 2023. Bioclimatic niche similarity and species relatedness shift their influence on species co-occurrence in bryophyte forest communities across scales.[manuscrito enviado para publicación]) para los briófitos seleccionados del sector noroccidental de la Peninsula Ibérica.
Su utilidad es la de caracterizar, en combinación con conjuntos de datos bioclimáticos, los nichos bioclimáticos de las especies de briófitos seleccionadas, evaluando las condiciones reunidas para sus co-ocurrencias a diferentes escalas., This work was part of the project UNITED Unifying niches, interactions and distributions: A common theoretical framework for geographic range dynamics and local coexistence (CGL2016-78070-P, funded by AEI/FEDER, UE) and SCENIC - Escalando los efectos de las dinámicas de nicho e interacciones en las consecuencias ecológicas y evolutivas de la coexistencia / Scaling the effects of niche and interaction dynamics on the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of coexistence [PID2019-106840GB-C21] (Proyecto coordinado) Project SCENIC, grant PID2019-106840GB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, Peer reviewed

The data file contains the following columns:

Date: numerical variable indicating the “day”/”month”/”year” when the register was generated.
User_ID: categorical variable with the identification number of the user who gathered the record.
Transect: categorical variable with the identification of the number of the transect.
Photo_number: numeric variable that takes values of 1, 2 or 3 and corresponds with the identification of the photographs within each transect.
Photo_label: character string with the identification of the photograph from each record.
Register_localization: categorical variable with the identification of the geographic area where the record was done.
Latitude: integer, variable indicating the latitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.
Longitude: integer, variable indicating the longitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.
Accuracy: integer, variable indicating the accuracy of the coordinates given by the GPS.
Habitat_type: categorical variable with the description of the main type of habitat of the sampling location.
Lichen_Crustose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of crustose lichen cover quantified in the record.
Lichen_Foliose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of foliose lichen cover quantified in the record.
Lichen_Fruticose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of fruticose lichen cover quantified in the record.
Total_lichen: integer, variable indicating the sum of all lichen coverage quantified in the record.
Liverwort: integer, variable indicating the percentage of liverwort cover quantified in the record.
Moss_Acrocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of acrocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.
Moss_Pleurocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of pleurocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.
Total_ moss: integer, variable indicating the sum of all moss coverage quantified in the record.
Algae: integer, variable indicating the percentage of algae cover quantified in the record.
Soil: integer, variable indicating the percentage of soil visible in the record., Biological soil covers (BSC) are small-sized topsoil communities composed mainly by lichens, bryophytes and algae that cover the terrestrial surface and play an essential role in maintaining the quality of the soil. However, little is known about their distribution, conservation, and ecosystem functions. The SoilSkin citizen science project aims to expand the scientific knowledge about the distribution of biological soil covers as an important step to evaluate the vulnerability of soil ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula in the face of global change.

The project has a dedicated free of charge app for smartphones (eBryoSoil, available at Google Play https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omarfiz.ebryosoil&hl=ca&gl=US) that is designed to obtain information about the coverage of the BSC communities. To use this app, users must select a sampling location and capture the three soil pictures required to complete a transect. These photographs are taken at a 27 cm distance from the soil, in a straight line with 15 meters of distance between each picture. After the acquisition of each image, users can quantify the coverage percentage of biological soil covers and select the type of habitat where the transect took place. The transect is complete when all three pictures and their respective information are uploaded.

The data presented here contains the records from SoilSkin participants, which mainly include a characterization of the cover patterns of biological soil covers, the type of habitat and the coordinates where each record was taken. The data set is composed by 279 unique records taken by 37 unique users from 28/11/2019 to 12/12/2020, across the Iberian Peninsula. These records specifically detail the percentage of cover occupied by three types of lichen growth forms (crustose, foliose and fruticose); liverworts; two types of moss growth forms (acrocarpous and pleurocarpous); algae; and soil. Moreover, each record also contains a description of the main type of habitat where the transect took place, that was selected from a list contained in the app with the following habitats:

Dense forest - Habitat characterized by trees of more than 2 meters tall and canopy over 60%.
Open forest – Habitat characterized by trees with more than 2 meters tall and a canopy below 60%.
Shrubland – Habitat characterized by woody vegetation with less than 2 meters tall.
Grassland – Habitat characterized by herbaceous plants.
Agricultural land – Habitat characterized by temporary or woody crops.
Coastal habitat – Habitat characterized by a landscape where land is in contact with the sea, creating a visibly different landscape from inner terrestrial one’s.
Urban green spaces – Habitat characterized by a landscape in which man-made structures are present.
The database was revised to correct any possible mistakes (e.g., miscalculation of total percentages; habitat missing in some registers; removal of invalid registers)., Funding/Grants: FECyT FCT-18-13511; AEI PID2019-106840GB-C21 Con la colaboración de la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación., Peer reviewed