This file contains the data of the manuscript Enhanced Thermo-Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CH₄ over Cu-Modified TiO₂-Based Catalysts submitted for publication in Nanomaterials journal.

To produce hydrogen and revalorize lignocellulosic residues, Cu/TiO2 and Ni/TiO2 photocatalysts (metal loading 1 or 5 wt%), as-prepared and after thermal reduction treatment, were tested for the photoreforming of cellulose and almond shell derived-substrates. Net photoreforming contributions were quantified by subtracting the individual contributions of photodegradation and photocatalyzed water splitting. Only milled cellulose (MC) and the liquid from the hydrothermal carbonization of milled almond shell (HMAS-L2) substrates proved effective for photoreforming, yielding significantly higher hydrogen productions than those obtained from substrates photodegradation and water splitting. As-prepared Cu/TiO2 showed efficient photocatalytic activity due to the facile in-situ reduction of Cu species. Conversely, Ni/TiO2 photocatalysts became active only after the reduction treatment, when partial formation of Ni0 species enhanced charge separation. The presence of reduced metals significantly improved photoactivity by decreasing charge recombination. The highest hydrogen productions reached were 2320 μmol·gcat−1· h−1 and 2440 μmol·gcat−1·h−1 with MC_5Ni-P25-r and HMAS-L2_5Cu/P25-r, respectively, surpassing previously reported literature values. The H2/CO2 molar ratios, with values close to the theoretical stoichiometric ratio (≈2), confirmed the predominant photoreforming pathway, while deviations indicated concurrent photodegradation and/or photoinduced water splitting. Tests with scavengers confirmed the effective photoreforming with MC and HMAS-L2 substrates, in contrast to milled almond shell and its derived solids.

This file contains the data of the manuscript Activating Agent-Free Synthesis of N,P-Co-Doped Porous Carbons from Lignocellulosic Waste for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction submitted for publication in Sustainability journal.