This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the current state of underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) degrees in Spain. It offers an overview of the situation across autonomous communities in Spain, highlighting the evolving trends within the country, regional variations, and the distinctions between public and private universities. The research employs descriptive statistical methods to analyze data obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Universities, Eurostat, as well as recent literature reviews. Furthermore, the study contextualizes the evolution of female enrollments in Spain by comparing it with data from other European countries. The primary objective is to gain a thorough understanding of the broader Spanish landscape and suggest future research directions aimed at reducing the gender gap in CS studies., This research is part of the COST Action - European Network for Gender Balance in Informatics project (CA19122), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This work presents a thermodynamic model that characterizes 4th-generation hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs)-based refrigerants with the molecular-based soft-SAFT equation of state (Blas and Vega, 1998) as well as its application in process simulations for a selected refrigeration application. The evaluation of the HFOs has been done building on a molecular model transferred from the equivalent hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), taking advantage of the similarities between the two chemical families. The model has been used to calculate all thermophysical properties of the selected HFOs relevant for their application as refrigerants, including the saturated density, vapor pressure, heat capacity, speed of sound, surface tension and viscosity, providing good agreement with experimental available data. In addition, phase equilibria, interfacial behavior and viscosity calculations have been performed for blends between HFCs and the two most common HFOs, R1234yf and R1234ze(E). The obtained thermodynamic properties have been used for a process simulation of a vapor compression refrigeration system, comparing the 3rd generation refrigerant R410A with these 4th generation blends, including the Coefficient of Performance for different cases, in order to establish the best alternative to R410A. Overall, this work shows how molecular modeling tools can be used now a day, as a complementary tool to generate reliable data for process simulation, in this case related to the search for alternative refrigerants.

The stricter regulation regarding the use of fluorinated gases (F-gases), as a consequence of their high Global Warming Potential (GWP), represents a challenge for the refrigeration industry. The design of alternatives requires the recycling of the low to moderate GWP compounds from current refrigerant blends. However, there is not a developed and standardized technology available to recover them, and once the life cycle of the refrigeration equipment has ended, most gases are incinerated. Fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) can effectively perform as absorbents to the complex separation of F-gas mixtures. In this work, a methodology based on the COSMO-RS thermodynamic package integrated into an Aspen Plus process simulator was used to evaluate the performance of an FIL to recover difluoromethane (R-32) from the commercial blend R-407F. The environmental sustainability of the recovery process (circular economy scenario) was analyzed with a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, comparing the obtained results with the conventional R-32 production (benchmark scenario). The results reveal a 30% recovery of 98 wt % R-32 suitable for further reuse with environmental load reduction in the 86–99% range compared to the R-32 production. This study can guide the development of new F-gas recovery technologies to improve the environmental impacts of these compounds from a circular economy perspective., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This work presents a thermodynamic model that characterizes 4th-generation hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs)-based refrigerants with the molecular-based soft-SAFT equation of state (Blas and Vega, 1998) as well as its application in process simulations for a selected refrigeration application. The evaluation of the HFOs has been done building on a molecular model transferred from the equivalent hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), taking advantage of the similarities between the two chemical families. The model has been used to calculate all thermophysical properties of the selected HFOs relevant for their application as refrigerants, including the saturated density, vapor pressure, heat capacity, speed of sound, surface tension and viscosity, providing good agreement with experimental available data. In addition, phase equilibria, interfacial behavior and viscosity calculations have been performed for blends between HFCs and the two most common HFOs, R1234yf and R1234ze(E). The obtained thermodynamic properties have been used for a process simulation of a vapor compression refrigeration system, comparing the 3rd generation refrigerant R410A with these 4th generation blends, including the Coefficient of Performance for different cases, in order to establish the best alternative to R410A. Overall, this work shows how molecular modeling tools can be used now a day, as a complementary tool to generate reliable data for process simulation, in this case related to the search for alternative refrigerants.

We assess the turbulent particle transport being responsible for the limitation of the confinement and, thus, the overall performance of the neoclassically optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. The radial particle transport is experimentally inferred from the evaluation of impurity injection into turbulence reduced and enhanced plasma scenarios revealing a completely different confinement behavior. The impact of the density gradient on the turbulent ion transport is theoretically estimated using large-scale non-linear gyro-kinetic simulations enabling, for the first time in Wendelstein 7-X, a quantitative comparison to the experimentally assessed impurity transport properties. We demonstrate that impurity transport in most of the Wendelstein 7-X discharges, up to now impossible to cover only with neoclassical estimations, is dominated by turbulence and can be modelled via gyro-kinetic simulations.

The increase of bacterial strains resistant to most of the available antibiotics shows a need to explore novel antibacterial targets to discover antimicrobial drugs. Bifunctional bacterial FAD synthetases (FADSs) synthesise the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). These cofactors act in vital processes as part of flavoproteins, making FADS an essential enzyme. Bacterial FADSs are potential antibacterial targets because of differences to mammalian enzymes, particularly at the FAD producing site. We have optimised an activity-based high throughput screening assay targeting Corynebacterium ammoniagenes FADS (CaFADS) that identifies inhibitors of its different activities. We selected the three best high-performing inhibitors of the FMN:adenylyltransferase activity (FMNAT) and studied their inhibition mechanisms and binding properties. The specificity of the CaFADS hits was evaluated by studying also their effect on the Streptococcus pneumoniae FADS activities, envisaging differences that can be used to discover species-specific antibacterial drugs. The antimicrobial effect of these compounds was also evaluated on C. ammoniagenes, S. pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures, finding hits with favourable antimicrobial properties., Peer Reviewed

Highly distorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are predicted to be attractive goals in nanoscience owing to the new properties they can exhibit. We have shown that a variety of functionalized distorted heptagon-containing nanographenes can be easily prepared from simple building blocks by a sequence of Co-catalyzed cyclotrimerization and cyclodehydrogenation reactions. The versatility of this strategy allows easy subsequent enlargement of these nanostructures by Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling and final cyclodehydrogenation reactions. Soluble extended distorted nanographenes 1 and 2 containing heptagon and an edge-shared pentagon-heptagon combination have been synthesized. High distortion of the polycyclic backbone of 2 caused by non-hexagonal rings and a helicene moiety was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Experimental data reveal promising optical and electronic properties for distorted PAHs with long fluorescence lifetimes (up to 14.5 ns) and low band gaps (down to 2.27 eV). This straightforward and versatile synthetic strategy, the observed long fluorescence lifetimes and the small optical and electrochemical band gaps for the presented compounds may promote the future implementation of distorted graphene molecules in electronic devices., This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC-2015-STG-677023 - NANOGRAPHOUT). We thank the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) (CTQ2014-53598-R, TEC2014-59730). A. G. C. and B. B. gratefully acknowledge funding from MINECO for RyC-2013-12943 and RYC-2012-10381 contracts. I. R. M. thanks MECD (Spain) for a predoctoral FPU fellowship. D. C. L. thanks Intramural CSIC project (201530E01). We also thank IZO-SGI SGIker of UPV/EHU for their technical and human support and computational resources provided by the RES and the CSIRC-Alhambra supercomputing facilities.

X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - Gasteiz, EPOS (the European Plate Observation System, https://www.epos-ip.org/) es una infraestructura electrónica de ESFRI, el Foro Estratégico Europeo sobre Infraestructuras de Investigación (https://www.esfri.eu/), dirigido a facilitar y promover el uso integrado de datos, productos de datos, servicios e instalaciones de infraestructuras de investigación distribuidas internacionalmente dedicadas a investigar la Tierra Sólida. Esta infraestructura electrónica está comprometida en abordar soluciones viables para los retos científicos de la Tierra Sólida. Es un plan a largo plazo que integra las infraestructuras de investigación de diferentes países europeos en una única plataforma interoperable a través de diferentes servicios centrales temáticos (por ejemplo, sismología, datos satelitales, observaciones de volcanes y laboratorios multiescala). El nodo EPOS español está coordinado por el CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) que alberga su propio repositorio institucional, DIGITAL.CSIC (https://digital.csic.es/). EPOS gestiona los archivos de datos siguiendo los principios FAIR:hallable, accesible, interoperable y reutilizable. Por lo tanto, los datos son ampliamente accesibles para su reutilización para otros investigadores, industria, enseñanza, formación y para el público en general., EPOS (the European Plate Observation System, https://www.epos-ip.org/) is an e-infrastructure of ESFRI, the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (https://www.esfri.eu/), aimed at facilitating and promoting the integrated use of
data, data products, services and facilities from internationally distributed research infrastructures for Solid Earth Science. This e-infrastructure is greatly committed to tackle viable solutions for Solid Earth challenges. It is a long-term plan that integrates research infrastructures of different European countries into a single inter-operable platform through different thematic core services (e.g., Seismology, Satellite data, Volcano Observations, and Multi-Scale Laboratories). The Spanish EPOS node is coordinated by CSIC (the Spanish National Research Council) that hosts its own institutional repository, the DIGITAL.CSIC (https://digital.csic.es/). EPOS supports that data archives follow the FAIR principles of data management: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. Therefore, data are broadly accessible to reuse for other researchers, industry, teaching, and training and for the general public, Este trabajo es una contribución del Proyecto EPOS Sustainability Phase (EPOS-SP), financiado por la Comisión Europea (Acuerdo de subvención nº: 871121 - EPOS SP-H2020-INFRADEV-2018-2020 / H2020-INFRADEV-2019-2).

17 pags., 9 figs., 1 tab., Repair of injured DNA relies on nucleosome dismantling by histone chaperones and de-phosphorylation events carried out by Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Typical histone chaperones are the Acidic leucine-rich Nuclear Phosphoprotein 32 family (ANP32) members, e.g. ANP32A, which is also a well-known PP2A inhibitor (a.k.a. IPP2A). Here we report the novel interaction between the endogenous family member B—so-called ANP32B—and endogenous cytochrome c in cells undergoing camptothecin-induced DNA damage. Soon after DNA lesions but prior to caspase cascade activation, the hemeprotein translocates to the nucleus to target the Low Complexity Acidic Region (LCAR) of ANP32B; in a similar way, our group recently reported that the hemeprotein targets the acidic domain of SET/Template Activating Factor-Iβ (SET/TAF-Iβ), which is another histone chaperone and PP2A inhibitor (a.k.a. IPP2A). The nucleosome assembly activity of ANP32B is indeed unaffected by cytochrome c binding. Like ANP32A, ANP32B inhibits PP2A activity and is thus herein referred to as IPP2A. Our data demonstrates that ANP32B-dependent inhibition of PP2A is regulated by respiratory cytochrome c, which induces long-distance allosteric changes in the structured N-terminal domain of ANP32B upon binding to the C-terminal LCAR. In agreement with the reported role of PP2A in the DNA damage response, we propose a model wherein cytochrome c is translocated from the mitochondria into the nucleus upon DNA damage to modulate PP2A activity via its interaction with ANP32B., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (BFU2012-31670, BFU2015-71017, PGC2018-096049- BI00), Spanish Ministry of Education and Professional Training (FPU013/04373 to FRR, FPU016/01513 to AVC), Regional Government of Andalusia (BIO198, US-1254317 US/JUNTA/FEDER,UE, US- 1257019 US/JUNTA/FEDER,UE, P18-FR-3487 and P18–HO-4091), Ramon Areces Foundation, Biointeractomics Platform (cicCartuja, Seville) and the Microscopy and NMR Services at CITIUS (University of Seville). MPG is funded by a postdoctoral grant from the Spanish Association Against Cancer Scientific Foundation (FC AECC)

17 Pág.
8º Congreso Forestal Español
Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Se ha evaluado la biomasa y el carbono secuestrado en un área cubierta por un monte bajo de Quercus pyrenaica Willd. asociado principalmente a Cistus laurifolius L. recuperado tras el incendio forestal de Chequilla (Guadalajara, España) de 2012. Se han utilizado imágenes Sentinel-2 junto con inventarios que incluyen parcelas de biomasa total en peso seco de entre 5 y 14 Mg*ha-1. Se han utilizado métodos no lineales y no paramétricos de regresión por procesos gaussianos para relacionar los valores de reflectividad de las imágenes Sentinel-2 con la biomasa total de los arbustos.
Con un inventario de 33 parcelas para 136 ha se puede evaluar la biomasa total con un RMSE de
1,58 Mg*ha-1 y un sesgo de 0,05 consiguiendo un error entre el 11,2 y el 28,8% para la biomasa
estudiada, lo que supone una buena evaluación asociada a una baja intensidad y coste de inventario
forestal. Los resultados indican una metodología apta para la gestión forestal, siendo asequible en
términos de tiempo, coste, esfuerzos y capacidad de cálculo que puede ser replicada para analizar el
balance de carbono en zonas sin gestión tras un incendio., Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el proyecto Interreg SUDOE REMAS - SOE3/P4/E0954
"Gestión del riesgo de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en los incendios forestales" (2019-
2022), cofinanciado por el Programa Interreg Sudoe a través del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo
Regional (FEDER), Peer reviewed

In dark-matter annihilation channels to hadronic final states, stable particles — such as positrons, photons, antiprotons, and antineutrinos — are produced via complex sequences of phenomena including QED/QCD radiation, hadronisation, and hadron decays. These processes are normally modelled by Monte Carlo (MC) event generators whose limited accuracy imply intrinsic QCD uncertainties on the predictions for indirect-detection experiments like Fermi-LAT, Pamela, IceCube or Ams–02. In this article, we perform a comprehensive analysis of QCD uncertainties, meaning both perturbative and nonperturbative sources of uncertainty are included — estimated via variations of MC renormalization-scale and fragmentation-function parameters, respectively — in antimatter spectra from dark-matter annihilation, based on parametric variations of the Pythia 8 event generator. After performing several retunings of light-quark fragmentation functions, we define a set of variations that span a conservative estimate of the QCD uncertainties. We estimate the effects on antimatter spectra for various annihilation channels and final-state particle species, and discuss their impact on fitted values for the dark-matter mass and thermally-averaged annihilation cross section. We find dramatic impacts which can go up to O(40) GeV for uncertainties on the dark-matter mass and up to O(10%) for the annihilation cross section. We provide the spectra in tabulated form including QCD uncertainties and code snippets to perform fast dark-matter fits, in this github repository.

Stainless steel (SS) alloys are prevalent in many industries, household appliances or other commodities, where a strict control of surface properties is required to tailor their interaction with the environment. In this work we report a new procedure of stainless steel surface processing that provides a multifunctional response including superhydrophobicity, omniphobicity, self-cleaning, anti-fouling and effective anti-icing capacity, while still preserving a corrosion resistance similar to that of this material in compact form. The method consists of a first nanostructuration step followed by a low fluorination. The nanostructured surfaces presented a dual scale roughness of hierarchical character. The liquid free approach developed in this work to get this singular surface nanostructuration entails a first laser treatment of stainless steel flat substrates, followed by the deposition of a nanostructured thin layer of this material by electron beam evaporation in an oblique angle configuration. The resulting hierarchical surfaces were subjected to fluorination by: (i) the plasma-assisted deposition of a thin Teflon-like coating or (ii) the grafting of fluorinated molecules. The self-cleanable, anti-adherent and ice repellent character of the resulting low fluorinated surfaces outperformed the behaviour of classical slippery surfaces obtained by the infusion of high amounts of fluorinated liquids. These hierarchical SS surfaces withstood mild abrasion tests and the effect of water jets. Moreover, the corrosion behaviour of the fluorinated surfaces determined through their potentiodynamic analysis revealed a similar corrosion resistance than the flat SS substrates. Outstandingly, after these corrosion tests, the fluorinated samples obtained by grafting preserved their surface functionalities without significant degradation. The high mechanical and chemical stability of these low fluorinated samples support their usage for a large variety of applications., The project leading to this article has received funding from the EU H2020 program under grant agreement 899352 ( FETOPEN-01-2018-2019-2020 – SOUNDofICE ). The authors thank projects TED2021-130916B-I00 , and PID2022-143120OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF (FEDER) A way of making Europe, Fondos NextgenerationEU and Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia”, by the “European Union". FNG and CLS thanks to the “ VII Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia” of the Universidad de Sevilla. CLS thanks the support of the Ramon y Cajal Spanish National programs funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 . We thank particularly Juan Carlos Sanchez for the Confocal microscopy support at Institute of Materials Science of Seville (Spain), and Elmar Bonaccurso for the rain erosions test in Airbus Central R&T Materials laboratory- Munich (Germany)., Peer reviewed

Context: In mammals, reproductive strategies and movement behavior can differ between sexes, influenced by biological and environmental factors. Whereas males typically adopt a “roam-to-mate” strategy, increasing movement to locate females, females may also adjust their behavior to enhance mating opportunities. Habitat and human disturbance can further shape the spatial structure of mating encounters. Objectives: This study investigates sex-specific habitat use during mating in brown bears. We test (1) which habitats facilitate initial male–female encounters, and (2) how habitat use differs between solitary and consorting individuals, focusing on sex-based differences and responses to anthropogenic features. Methods: We used GPS data from 70 unique adult brown bears (44 females, 26 males) during the mating season in Sweden (2006–2016). We contrasted initial encounter areas of male–female pairs with surrounding available habitat to assess encounter site preferences, accounting for natural and anthropogenic landscape features. Additionally, we compared habitat use for each sex when solitary versus consorting. Results: Bears most often encountered the opposite sex in clearcuts and young forests. When consorting, males moved farther away from anthropogenic areas than when solitary and increased their use of clearcuts, whereas females reduced their use of young and old forests, in contrast to males. Both sexes approached roads more when consorting. Conclusion: This study revealed distinct sex-specific habitat preferences during brown bear consorting behavior, supporting the evidence of female “roam-to-mate” behavior by adjusting to males’ habitat use. Our findings emphasize the importance of managing anthropogenic landscapes for conservation efforts, especially if they disrupt mating behaviors., Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Norwegian Environment Agency; Austrian Science Fund; Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management; European Union Center (US); Ministerio de Universidades (España); Universidad de Oviedo; German Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chair program; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España); University of South-Eastern Norway

The perovskite-type oxide Li3xLa2/3-xTiO₃ (LLTO) is a promising solid electrolyte but suffers from high grain-boundary resistance. This study compares B-site substitutions (M = Ta⁵⁺, Zr⁴⁺, V5 +) in Li0.3La0.57Ti0.99M0.01O3 prepared via the sol–gel method to improve dopant incorporation and assess their impact on grain-boundary resistance. X-ray diffraction confirms a cubic perovskite (Pm-3m) with dopant-dependent lattice changes: Ta5+ and Zr4+ expand the unit cell, whereas V5+ causes slight contraction and conversion to tetragonal perovskite (P4/mmm). Raman spectroscopies reveal systematic shifts of the A1g/Eg modes, indicative of modified TiO6 octahedral distortion and bonding. Densification for Ta- and Zr-doped LLTO ceramics is achieved at 1300 °C, while V-doped LLTO tends to form a more porous morphology. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that Ta⁵⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ incorporation markedly lowers grain-boundary (GB) resistances, enhancing overall ionic transport, while V⁵⁺ deteriorates both bulk and intergranular pathways. The corresponding activation energies confirm facilitated bulk transport for Ta (Ea,G = 0.212 eV) and Zr (0.237 eV). Collectively, the structural–spectroscopic–electrochemical evidence establishes a clear structure–transport correlation and identifies Ta5+ as effective dopants to simultaneously enhance bulk conductivity and intergranular connectivity in LLTO electrolytes. © 2026 The Authors, The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided
by the Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Minciencias) through project No. (Contract No. 2023–0685). Additional support was received from the project “Development of scientific
capabilities for the investigation of infrastructure deterioration processes
in renewable ene rgy systems in the department of Choc´o (Colombia)”
(BPIN 2020000100330), conducted by the Technological University of
Choc´o “Diego Luis CÓrdoba” and the Center for Research in Renewable
Energies and Climatology (CIER), and funded by the Science, Technology
and Innovation Fund (STIF) of the General System of Grants (GSG)
of Choc´o, Colombia. Financial assistance from the Elisa project
(CNS2023–145494) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the European
Union through the “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR initiative, is also gratefully
acknowledged, as well as additional support from the 2024ICT207
and COOPB23103 projects of CSIC. Maycol F. Mena acknowledges
Minciencias for the Doctoral Scholarship 2020 (BPIN 2020000100391),
and Robin Picca acknowledges the Erasmus+ Programme for supporting
the educational training internship (Agreement No. 177941–2023). The
authors also wish to thank Sara Serena, Pamela Vargas, and Felipe
Cuasquer from ICV-CSIC, for their invaluable assistance with experimental
measurements and technical support, which were essential to the
success of this research. The authors thank the Research Support Services
of the University of Extremadura (SACSS-SAIUEx). Special thanks
to Dr. Liliana T. L´opez of CIDEMAT-AdeA and Dr. H´ector D. Agudelo of
GIERMET-UTCH for their support in analyzing the XRD and XPS results, Peer reviewed

Context. Starbursts are one of the main contributors to the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. However, mechanisms governing the interaction between the recent star formation and the surrounding gas are not fully understood. Because of their a priori simplicity, the subgroup of Hii galaxies constitute an ideal sample to study these mechanisms. Aims.A detailed 2D study of the central region of NGC 5253 has been performed to characterize the stellar and ionized gas structure as well as the extinction distribution, physical properties and kinematics of the ionized gas in the central ∼210 pc × 130 pc. Methods.We utilized optical integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data obtained with FLAMES. Results.A detailed extinction map for the ionized gas in NGC 5253 shows that the largest extinction is associated with the prominent Giant Hii region. There is an offset of ∼0.′5 between the peak of the optical continuum and the extinction peak in agreement with findings in the infrared.We found that stars suffer less extinction than gas by a factor of ∼0.33. The [S ii]λ6717/[S ii]λ6731 map shows an electron density (Ne) gradient declining from the peak of emission in H-Á (790 cm-3) outwards, while the argon line ratio traces areas with Ne ∼ 4200.6200 cm-3. The area polluted with extra nitrogen, as deduced from the excess [Nii]λ6584/Hλ, extends up to distances of 3.′3 (∼60 pc) from the maximum pollution, which is offset by ∼1.′5 from the peak of continuum emission. Wolf-Rayet features are distributed in an irregular pattern over a larger area (∼100 pc × 100 pc) and associated with young stellar clusters. We measured He+ abundances over most of the field of view and values of He++/H + <∼ 0.0005 in localized areas which do not coincide, in general, with the areas presenting W-R emission or extra nitrogen. The line profiles are complex. Up to three emission components were needed to reproduce them. One of them, associated with the giant Hii region, presents supersonic widths and [Nii]λ6584 and [S ii]λλ6717,6731 emission lines shifted up to 40 km s.1 with respect to Hλ. Similarly, one of the narrow components presents offsets in the [Nii]λ6584 line of <∼ 20 km s.1. This is the first time that maps with such velocity offsets for a starburst galaxy have been presented. The observables in the giant Hii region fit with a scenario where the two super stellar clusters (SSCs) produce an outflow that encounters the previously quiescent gas. The south-west part of the FLAMES IFU field is consistent with a more evolved stage where the star clusters have already cleared out their local environment. © 2010 ESO., Based on observations carried out at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal (Chile), programme 078.B-0043(A). This paper uses the plotting package jmaplot, developed by Jesús Maíz-Apellániz, http://dae45.iaa.csic.es:8080/ jmaiz/software. This research made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A.M.I. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) under the program ``Specialization in International Organisations'', Ref. ES2006-0003. This work has been partially funded by the Spanish PNAYA, projects ESTALLIDOS (grants AYA2007-7765-C01 and C02) and CSD2006 - 00070 ''1st Science with GTC'' from the CONSOLIDER 2010 programme of the Spanish MICINN.

This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the current state of underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) degrees in Spain. It offers an overview of the situation across autonomous communities in Spain, highlighting the evolving trends within the country, regional variations, and the distinctions between public and private universities. The research employs descriptive statistical methods to analyze data obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Universities, Eurostat, as well as recent literature reviews. Furthermore, the study contextualizes the evolution of female enrollments in Spain by comparing it with data from other European countries. The primary objective is to gain a thorough understanding of the broader Spanish landscape and suggest future research directions aimed at reducing the gender gap in CS studies., This research is part of the COST Action - European Network for Gender Balance in Informatics project (CA19122), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union., Peer Reviewed

Information Technology (IT) plays a key role in the world we live in. As such, its relation to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) stated by the United Nations to improve lives and health of the people and the planet is inexorable. In particular, the SDG 5 aims to enforce gender equality and states 9 Targets that drive the actions to achieve such goals. The lack of women within IT has been a concern for several years. In this context, the objective of this study is to get an overview of the state of the art on gender equality in IT processes. To do so, we conducted a Systematic Mapping Study to investigate the addressed targets, challenges, and potential best practices that have been put forward so far. The results we have obtained demonstrate the novelty of this field, as well as a set of opportunities and challenges that currently exist in this regard, such as the lack of best practices to address gender equality in IT processes and the need to develop proposals that solve this problem. All of this can be used as a starting point to identify open issues that help to promote research on this field and promote and enhance best practices towards a more socially sustainable basis for gender equality in and by IT., This work is result of a postdoc from the ERCIM “Alain Bensoussan” Fellowship Program conducted at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). This research is also part of the COST Action - European Network for Gender Balance in Informatics project (CA19122), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union., Peer Reviewed

Co-IPs for proteomic analysis (mass spectrometry) were carried out by incubation of 1 mg of protein lysates with protein G-coated magnetic beads coupled with either the monoclonal antibody P4A4 anti-endoglin (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, The University of Iowa, US) or an isotype-matched (IgG2b) control antibody (Immunostep, Salamanca, Spain). An additional control with protein G magnetic beads in the absence of antibodies was also included. After extensive washing with PBS, immunoprecipitates were then subjected to mass spectrometry analysis.

The stricter regulation regarding the use of fluorinated gases (F-gases), as a consequence of their high Global Warming Potential (GWP), represents a challenge for the refrigeration industry. The design of alternatives requires the recycling of the low to moderate GWP compounds from current refrigerant blends. However, there is not a developed and standardized technology available to recover them, and once the life cycle of the refrigeration equipment has ended, most gases are incinerated. Fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) can effectively perform as absorbents to the complex separation of F-gas mixtures. In this work, a methodology based on the COSMO-RS thermodynamic package integrated into an Aspen Plus process simulator was used to evaluate the performance of an FIL to recover difluoromethane (R-32) from the commercial blend R-407F. The environmental sustainability of the recovery process (circular economy scenario) was analyzed with a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, comparing the obtained results with the conventional R-32 production (benchmark scenario). The results reveal a 30% recovery of 98 wt % R-32 suitable for further reuse with environmental load reduction in the 86–99% range compared to the R-32 production. This study can guide the development of new F-gas recovery technologies to improve the environmental impacts of these compounds from a circular economy perspective., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This work proposes a systematic procedure to report the differences between heart rate variability time series obtained from alternative measurements reporting the spread and mean of the differences as well as the agreement between measuring procedures and quantifying how stationary, random and normal the differences between alternative measurements are. A description of the complete automatic procedure to obtain a differences time series (DTS) from two alternative methods, a proposal of a battery of statistical tests, and
a set of statistical indicators to better describe the differences in RR interval estimation are also provided. Results show that the spread and agreement depend on the choice of alternative measurements and that the DTS cannot be considered generally as a white or as a normally distributed process. Nevertheless, in controlled measurements the DTS can be considered as a stationary process., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Information Technology (IT) plays a key role in the world we live in. As such, its relation to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) stated by the United Nations to improve lives and health of the people and the planet is inexorable. In particular, the SDG 5 aims to enforce gender equality and states 9 Targets that drive the actions to achieve such goals. The lack of women within IT has been a concern for several years. In this context, the objective of this study is to get an overview of the state of the art on gender equality in IT processes. To do so, we conducted a Systematic Mapping Study to investigate the addressed targets, challenges, and potential best practices that have been put forward so far. The results we have obtained demonstrate the novelty of this field, as well as a set of opportunities and challenges that currently exist in this regard, such as the lack of best practices to address gender equality in IT processes and the need to develop proposals that solve this problem. All of this can be used as a starting point to identify open issues that help to promote research on this field and promote and enhance best practices towards a more socially sustainable basis for gender equality in and by IT., This work is result of a postdoc from the ERCIM “Alain Bensoussan” Fellowship Program conducted at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). This research is also part of the COST Action - European Network for Gender Balance in Informatics project (CA19122), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Bone spacers are exclusively used for replacing the tissue after trauma and/or diseases. Ceramic materials bring positive opportunities to enhance greater osteointegration and performance of implants, yet processing of porous geometries can be challenging. Additive Manufacturing (AM) opens opportunities to grade porosity levels in a part; however, its productivity may be low due to its batch processing approach. The paper studies the biological responses yielded by hydroxyapatite with ß-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) ceramic porous bone spacers manufactured by robocasting 2-layer meshes that are rolled in green and sintered. The implants are assessed in vitro and in vivo for their compatibility. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached, proliferated and differentiated on the bone spacers produced. Cells on the spacers presented alkaline phosphatase staining, confirming osteogenic differentiation. They also expressed bone-specific COL1A1, BGAP, BSP, and SPP1 genes. The fold change of these genes ranged between 8 to 16 folds compared to controls. When implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits, they triggered collagen fibre formation and mild fibroblastic proliferation. In conclusion, rolled AM-meshes bone spacers stimulated bone formation in vitro and were biocompatible in vivo. This technology may give the advantage to custom produce spacers at high production rates if industrially upscaled., Postprint (published version)

Catecholamines (CA) are considered to play key roles in acute stress responses, but they also regulate important functions of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems and are essential for body homeostasis and health. In Swiss mice (an outbred strain) with haploinsufficiency of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene (Th, TH-HZ), which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, impairments in homeostatic system functions and a reduced lifespan have been reported. Moreover, these homeostatic alterations are exacerbated when these animals are exposed to acute restraint stress. Nonetheless, the effects of this genetic modification on an inbred strain, such as C57BL/6J, are undetermined. Given that the genetic background of mice can affect the phenotype of any genetic modification, this work aimed to characterize how behavioral responses, immunity, and the oxidative state in C57BL/6J mice are altered by Th haploinsufficiency under basal conditions after being subjected to 10 min of acute restraint stress. Sex differences were also considered. Compared with their WT counterparts, TH-HZ C57BL/6J animals exhibit behavioral impairments, immunosenescence, and oxidative stress under basal conditions. After stress, TH-HZ animals (both sexes) exhibit deteriorated behavior and immune functions. Therefore, Th haploinsufficiency in the inbred C57BL/6J strain triggers impairments in behavior, immunity, and the redox state. These findings corroborate the role of CA in maintaining regulatory system functions and highlight the importance of mouse strains in basic research.

Inflammatory–oxidative stress is known to be pivotal in the pathobiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the involvement of this stress at the peripheral level in the disease’s onset has been scarcely studied. This study investigated the pro-inflammatory profile and oxidative stress parameters in peritoneal leukocytes from female triple-transgenic mice for AD (3xTgAD) and non-transgenic mice (NTg). Peritoneal leukocytes were obtained at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 15 months of age. The concentrations of TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10 released in cultures without stimuli and mitogen concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide presence were measured. The concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation, and Hsp70 were also analyzed in the peritoneal cells. Our results showed that although there was a lower release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by 3xTgAD mice, this response was uncontrolled and overstimulated, especially at a prodromal stage at 2 months of age. In addition, there were lower concentrations of GSH in leukocytes from 3xTgAD and higher amounts of lipid peroxides at 2 and 4 months, as well as, at 6 months, a lower concentration of Hsp70. In conclusion, 3xTgAD mice show a worse pro-inflammatory response and higher oxidative stress than NTg mice during the prodromal stages, potentially supporting the idea that Alzheimer’s disease could be a consequence of peripheral alteration in the leukocyte inflammation–oxidation state.

Intraspecific variation in morphology has often been related to fitness differences through its effects on performance. In lizards, variation in hind limb length can be shaped by natural selection for increased locomotor performance, sexual selection on the number or size of femoral pores involved in chemical signalling, or both. Here, we analyze the selective forces involved in sexual dimorphism and differences in hind limb length between two populations of Psammodromus algirus living at different elevation. Males were more robust and had longer hind limbs and limb segments than females, and low-elevation lizards had longer limbs than high-elevation ones. However, differences in locomotor performance were small and non-significant, making natural selection for faster runs an unlikely explanation for the observed pattern. On the other hand, males had more femoral pores than females, and lizards had more pores at lower elevation, although the difference was significant only for males (which invest more in chemical signalling). In males, the number of pores, that remains constant along a lizard’s life, was not correlated with hind limb length. However, femur length was positively correlated with mean pore size, allowing low-elevation males to have larger than expected pores, which could increase the effectiveness with which they spread their signals in a dry and warm habitat where chemicals volatilize rapidly. Also, saturation of the sexual coloration of the head was higher for low elevation males, suggesting that sexual selection pressures may be more intense. Overall, our results indicate that sexual selection plays a significant role in shaping intraspecific variation in hind limb length.

Background: Cell adhesion molecule function is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and associated with memory consolidation. At the infragranular zone of the dentate gyrus, neurons expressing the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM PSA) transiently increase their frequency 12 hours after training in different tasks.

Methods: Using immunohistochemical procedures, we investigated NCAM polysialylation following training in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm that employed increasing shock intensities to separately model stressful and traumatic experiences in adult male Wistar rats.

Results: Fear conditioning with a stressful.4-mA stimulus resulted in an increased frequency of dentate polysialylated neurons, the magnitude of which was indistinguishable from that observed following water maze training. By contrast, training with a traumatic 1-mA stimulus resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of polysialylated neurons at the 12 hours posttraining time. Whereas sequential training in the water maze paradigm followed by fear conditioning resulted in potentiated consolidation of spatial information when conditioning involved a.4-mA stimulus, amnesia for spatial learning occurred when conditioning was performed with a 1-mA stimulus.

Conclusions: These results suggest traumatic fear conditioning suppresses NCAM-PSA-mediated plasticity and the concomitant inability to store the trace of recently acquired information.

La colaboración entre los reyes y los eclesiásticos más destacados e instruidos de la Edad Media hispana dio lugar a una serie de obras de arte que respondían a los programas político-religiosos del momento. La iniciativa para llevar a cabo tales empresas partió en unos casos del monarca y su entorno, y en otros del clérigo o de las instituciones eclesiásticas; sin embargo, la mayoría de las veces la instancia religiosa fue quien se encargó de su desarrollo, con el fin de acrecentar su propio poder y prestigio al mismo tiempo que se fortalecía la imagen regia.

En este volumen se reúnen una serie de estudios sobre las relaciones que establecieron los monarcas de los reinos de León y Castilla con los prelados, como punto de partida para la realización de empresas artísticas entre 1050 y 1500. Se intenta profundizar y hacer una relectura de las mismas en el marco de las conexiones descritas.

Tuberculosis (TB) in goats is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms that pose a great health and economic challenge for the caprine industry in some European and developing countries. It is also a zoonotic disease posing a risk for public health. The control programs of the disease are based on a test-and-slaughter strategy, and vaccination is not feasible with available vaccines due to its interferences with the current TB immunodiagnosis. There is still a need for the development of an effective TB vaccine and, concurrently, diagnostic methods that allow differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA approach). In this study, we investigated the interferences caused by the tuberculin (PPD)-based TB diagnostic tests in goats immunized by different mucosal and parenteral vaccination strategies: three single-dose strategies based on intranasal administration of BCG and two heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccines, and two prime-boost strategies based on parenteral BCG or HIMB priming and intranasal HIMB boosting. In addition, the defined antigens ESAT-6, CPF10, and EspC were evaluated as alternative diagnostic reagents to PPDs. At week 14 after prime vaccination of the animals, skin tests, IFN- γ release assay, and antibody detection assays were performed. The two prime-boosted and the single-dose intranasal BCG groups displayed greater cell-mediated immune responses to PPDs than the two single-dose intranasal HIMB vaccines. However, the use of reagents based on the defined antigens eliminated or reduced the vaccine-induced diagnostic interferences in all groups. Based on these results, the use of defined antigens in the current immunodiagnostic tests appears to be suitable in a future goat TB vaccination scenario.

In the education sector, media outlets have been increasingly active in reporting on standardized testing. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most recurrent discursive frames used by the Norwegian regional and local press when informing their readers about national standardized testing, and to explore whether differences over time and across geographical localities exist in the pervasiveness of frames. Our analysis is guided by framing theory, and builds on a corpus of 3,046 articles that focus on national testing, published by 155 Norwegian regional and local newspapers between 2004 and 2018. The analysis identifies four different discursive frames within Norwegian press coverage, namely the frame of 'performance', 'transparency and empowerment', 'misinterpretation and misuse', and 'criticism'. The four frames convey highly distinct causal and normative beliefs and realities about national standardized testing. While the dominance of the frames varies over time and across Norwegian counties, the frame of 'performance' is increasingly pervasive, something that potentially contributes to naturalize performative-oriented reporting and competition in education. The study highlights the importance of systematic media analyses to identify circulating principle beliefs on education, and of not limiting research to national newspapers in order to grasp geographical variation in media coverage.

Background: COVID-19 is one of the biggest pandemics in human history, along with other disease pandemics, such as the H1N1 influenza A, bubonic plague, and smallpox pandemics. This study is a small contribution that tries to find contrasted formulas to alleviate global suffering and guarantee a more manageable future. Objective: In this study, a statistical approach was proposed to study the correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 in Spain and search data provided by Google Trends. Methods: We assessed the linear correlation between Google Trends search data and the data provided by the National Center of Epidemiology in Spain-which is dependent on the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-regarding the number of COVID-19 cases reported with a certain time lag. These data enabled the identification of anticipatory patterns. Results: In response to the ongoing outbreak, our results demonstrate that by using our correlation test, the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic can be predicted in Spain up to 11 days in advance. Conclusions: During the epidemic, Google Trends offers the possibility to preempt health care decisions in real time by tracking people's concerns through their search patterns. This can be of great help given the critical, if not dramatic need for complementary monitoring approaches that work on a population level and inform public health decisions in real time. This study of Google search patterns, which was motivated by the fears of individuals in the face of a pandemic, can be useful in anticipating the development of the pandemic.

We thank Varese Salvador Timoteo for discussions. This work has been supported in part by the European Commission
under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action Co-fund 2016 EU project 754446 – Athenea3i and by the Spanish
MINECO’s Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación programme, Grant Agreement No. IJCI-2017-31531, FIS2017-8503-C2-
1-P and Junta de Andalucía (grant FQM225)., A Wilsonian approach based on the similarity renormalization group to ππ scattering is analyzed in the JI = 00, 11 and 02 channels in momentum space up to a maximal center-of-mass energy of s⎯⎯√=1.4 GeV. We identify the Hamiltonian by means of the 3D reduction of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the Kadyschevsky scheme. We propose a new method to integrate the SRG equations based in the Crank-Nicolson algorithm with a single step finite difference so that isospectrality is preserved at any step of the calculations. We discuss issues on the high momentum tails present in the fitted interactions hampering calculations., European Commission under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action Co-fund 2016 EU project
754446 - Athenea3i, Spanish MINECO's Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion programme
IJCI-2017-31531
FIS2017-8503-C21-P, Junta de Andalucia

FQM225

[EN] STUDY QUESTION: Does in vitro fertilization (IVF) affect the course of anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as physiological stress from pregnancy to postpartum period?, MV funded by FIS PI17/0131 grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and RETICS funded by the PN 2018-2011, and the European Regional Development Fund, reference RD16/0022/0001; AG-B funded by a &apos;Juan Rodes&apos; Grant (JR17/00003) from the ISCIII. CC-P funded by a &apos;Miguel Servet I&apos; Grant (CP16/00082) from the ISCIII.

[EN] Purpose Preterm birth represents one of the main causes of neonatal morbimortality and a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. Appropriate predictive methods for preterm birth outcome, which consequently would facilitate prevention programs, are needed. We aim to predict birth date in women with a threatened preterm labour (TPL) based on stress response to TPL diagnosis, cumulative life stressors, and relevant obstetric variables. Methods A prospective cohort of 157 pregnant women with TPL diagnosis between 24 and 31 weeks gestation formed the study sample. To estimate the stress response to TPL, maternal salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase levels, along with anxiety and depression symptoms were measured. To determine cumulative life stressors, previous traumas, social support, and family functioning were registered. Then, linear regression models were used to examine the effect of potential predictors of birth date. Results Lower family adaptation, higher Body Mass Index (BMI), higher cortisol levels and TPL diagnosis week were the main predictors of birth date. Gestational week at TPL diagnosis showed a non-linear interaction with cortisol levels: TPL women with middle- and high-cortisol levels before 29 weeks of gestation went into imminent labour. Conclusion A combination of stress response to TPL diagnosis (salivary cortisol) and cumulative life stressors (family adaptation) together with obstetric factors (TPL gestational week and BMI) was the best birth date predictor. Therefore, a psychosocial therapeutic intervention program aimed to increase family adaptation and decrease cortisol levels at TPL diagnosis as well as losing weight, may prevent preterm birth in symptomatic women., Prior to study initiation, a grant was awarded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/01352). To achieve this grant, the project was assessed by an external peer review panel, guaranteeing scientific quality and ethical integrity. MV acknowledges PI17/0131 grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) (ISCIII; Plan Estatal de I + D + I 2013-2016) and co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund &quot;A way to achieve Europe&quot; (ERDF); and RETICS funded by the PN 2018-2011 (Spain), ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), RD16/0022/0001.VD acknowledges PI18/01352 grant from the ISCIII. CC-P acknowledges a &quot;Miguel Servet I&quot; grant (CP16/00082) from the ISCIII. AG-B acknowledges a &quot;Juan Rodes&quot; grant (JR17/00003) and a health research project (PI18/01352) from the ISCIII. LC-B acknowledges a &quot;Rio Hortega&quot; grant (CM20/00143) from the ISCIII.

[EN] The purpose of this study is to improve the spray characteristics of a direct injection Diesel nozzle. Spray
atomization of the multi-hole atomization enhancement nozzle, which was invented in previous studies, is explored.
The aim is to improve and obtain excellent spray characteristics. The effects of different nozzle geometries and
dimensions on spray characteristics are investigated, including chamfered and rounded nozzle hole inlets and a
multi-hole atomization enhancement nozzles. It is found that the multi-hole atomization enhancement nozzle with
a rounded chamfered inlet is effective in achieving a high-dispersion spray, a large spray angle and small droplets.
However, it should be noted that the spray is significantly atomized and a large number of small droplets as
suspended as a mist. The photographic images of the spray are taken against a white background and the
boundaries between the ejected spray and the background are indistinct. Furthermore, the breakup length is short
at 3 mm for a hole diameter of 0.3 mm, the spray angle is about 70° and the Sauter mean diameter decreases
dramatically to 15 μm at a low injection pressure of 10 MPa, This research was partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (C) Grant Number 15K05847 and also partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEWT) MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities. The authors wish to express their thanks for the supporting for this research.

We show that there exist c-generated algebras (and dense in C (a)([0, 1])) every nonzero element of which is a nowhere Gevrey differentiable function. This leads to results of dense algebrability (and, therefore, lineability) of functions enjoying this property. In the process of proving these results we also provide a new construction of nowhere Gevrey differentiable functions., The fourth author was supported by CNPq Grant 401735/2013-3 (PVE - Linha 2).

[EN] The Spanish coast preserves many watchtowers as an important cultural heritage. They testify the insecurity of this maritime border in different historical periods, especially during the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, when it was attacked regularly by what has come to be known as Berber piracy.
The territory of Vélez-Málaga was not alien to this process and, after the Castilian conquest of the Axarquía region in the late fifteenth century, the western border between the Christian and the Islamic
kingdoms of the western Mediterranean moved to the southeaster coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
The municipal district of Vélez-Málaga has an important architectural and archaeological heritage
from different origins, including its defensive structures. They belong to a broader military system in the
territory that consisted of coastal and inland watchtowers, farmstead towers, fortified enclosures in addition to the castle and the urban walls of Vélez-Málaga.
This paper presents the first data obtained from the diagnosis of this heritage in the frame of the programme of conservation of the defensive architecture from the municipality of Vélez-Málaga., Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del
Proyecto I+D+i “Las atalayas que defendieron el
reino de nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)” (Programa Estatal
de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y
Técnica de Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, HAR2016-
79689-P, 2017-2020), convocatoria de 2016, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER. El estudio de las
torres conservadas en este término municipal ha
permitido la realización de la diagnosis de estas
torres dentro del programa de arquitectura defensiva del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de VélezMálaga (EDUSI O.T.6 – 0.E.6.3.4 Rehabilitación y Promoción del Patrimonio Histórico,
VM-OT6-LA1).

[eng] Autonomous systems have demonstrated high performance in several applications. One of the most important is localization systems, which are necessary for the safe navigation of autonomous cars or mobile robots. However, despite significant advances in this field, there are still areas open for research and improvement. Two of the most important challenges include the precise traversal of a bounded route and emergencies arising from the breakdown or failure of one or more sensors, which can lead to malfunction or system localization failure. To address these issues, auxiliary assistance systems are necessary, enabling localization for a safe return to the starting point, completing the trajectory, or facilitating an emergency stop in a designated area for such situations. Motivated by the exploration of applying Artificial Intelligence to pose estimation in a navigation system, this article introduces a Monocular Visual Odometry method that, through Teach and Repeat, learns and autonomously replicates trajectories. Our proposal can serve as either a primary localization system or an auxiliary assistance system. In the first case, our approach is applicable in scenarios where the traversing route remains unchanged. In the second case, the goal is to achieve a safe return to the starting point or to reach the end point of the trajectory. We initially utilized a publicly available dataset to showcase the learning capability and robustness under different visibility conditions to validate our proposal. Subsequently, we compared our approach with other well‐known methods to assess performance metrics. Finally, we evaluated real‐time trajectory replication on a ground robot, both simulated and real, across multiple trajectories of increasing complexity.

Abstract not available

[eng] Climate change is expected to reduce tourism demand at popular beach destinations due to rising temperatures. Recent research has employed climatic indices to overcome the limitations of relying on temperature exclusively. However, the performance of traditional tourism climate indices may be inaccurate for certain key market segments, especially under higher temperatures, potentially biasing future projections. Surprisingly, no research has yet compared objective climate indicators with tourists' actual perceptions and experiences of the weather. This study aims to validate the performance of climate indices by comparing them with the reported weather perceptions of 10,000 tourists who visited Mallorca (Spain), one of Europe's leading coastal destinations. Results revealed a significant mismatch between index values derived from traditional methodologies and the climate perceptions reported by tourists, highlighting the need to refine the methodology of tourism climate indices to more accurately reflect tourists' experiences of weather and climate conditions.

A detailed study is presented of a 15.3-m-thick Pleistocene coastal terrace located on the Cantabrian coast (northern Spain). Stratigraphic, sedimentological, topographic and micropalaeontological information is combined with a chronology based on luminescence dating to characterize the deposits. The sedimentary succession records: (i) a basal transgressive system, consisting of a wave-cut surface covered by a lower layer of beach gravels and upper beach pebbly sands; and (ii) a thicker upper highstand system (aggrading), comprising medium to very fine aeolian sands interbedded with thin palustrine muds. Luminescence dating involved a detailed sampling strategy (36 samples and two modern analogues) and the use of both quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence single aliquot regeneration protocols; feldspar results were used to confirm the completeness of bleaching of the quartz OSL signal. The quartz OSL luminescence age depth relationship shows significant dispersion, but nevertheless two rapid phases of deposition can be clearly identified: one at ~130 ka [Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] and one at ~100 ka (MIS 5c). The top of the succession is dated to ~70 ka. The MIS 5e marine maximum flooding surface is identified at an elevation of 6.85 m above mean seal level. This elevation provides evidence of a regional sea-level highstand for this sector of the Cantabrian coast. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd., This work was co‐funded by projects Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad – MINECO (CGL2013‐41083‐P and RTI2018‐095678‐B‐C21, MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE), Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea – UPV/EHU (UFI11/09), Eusko Jaurlaritza – EJ GV−1 (IT365‐10, IT767‐13 and IT976‐16) and Fundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia, with FEDER and COMPETE 2020 funds, through project UID/MAR/04292/2020 – MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre). Susi Fernández (Mendi Topografia, Spain) determined the topographic location of the samples. The Geology Group of the University of Cantabria (A. Cendrero, J. R. Diaz de Terán, J. Remondo and V. Bruschi) suggested the scientific interest of the Oyambre deposit to the authors. Manu Monge‐Ganuzas and Eduardo Leorri assisted in the field. Haizea Quintas revised the foraminiferal samples. Dr Natasha Barlow and another anonymous reviewer greatly improved the original manuscript with their comments and constructive suggestions. This is contribution 44 of the Geo‐Q Zentroa Research Unit (Joaquín Gómez de Llarena Laboratory). J.‐P. Buylaert received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC‐2014‐StG 639904 – RELOS.

Este comentario analiza la determinación de los daños morales
derivados de la vulneración del ejercicio colectivo del derecho de huelga a partir
de una reciente sentencia del Tribunal Supremo. Tras exponer sintéticamente los
problemas procesales y sustantivos abordados en la resolución, el trabajo se centra
en las dificultades conceptuales y metodológicas que plantea la identificación y
cuantificación de los daños morales en el ámbito laboral, especialmente cuando
el titular afectado es una organización sindical. Se sostiene que la privación del
ejercicio efectivo del derecho implica una afectación del estatuto jurídico del
sindicato como sujeto colectivo, lo que permite fundamentar la existencia de
un daño moral autónomo respecto de otros perjuicios específicos que pudieran
acreditarse. Desde esta perspectiva, se examinan críticamente los criterios utilizados
para determinar la cuantía de la indemnización y se defiende la necesidad de una
construcción dogmática más precisa que permita articular de manera coherente las
funciones resarcitoria y preventiva de la compensación económica., El autor agradece el apoyo financiero del Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2021-2027 y de la Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía (Proyecto FEDER – UCA-2024-A2-15 “La eficacia de los derechos fundamentales en el ámbito laboral: nuevos retos para la práctica jurídica”).

Vespa velutina has been rapidly expanding throughout Galicia since 2012. It is causing human health risks and well-known losses in the beekeeping sector. Control methods are scarce, unspecific, and ineffective. Semiochemicals are insect-derived chemicals that play a role in communication and they could be used an integrated pest management tool alternative to conventional pesticides. A previous determination of the organic chemical profile should be the first step in the study of these semiochemicals. HS-SPME in living individuals and the sting apparatus extraction followed by GC-MS spectrometry were combined to extract a possible profile of these compounds in 43 hornets from Galicia. The identified compounds were hydrocarbons, ketones, terpenes, and fatty acid, and fatty acid esters. Nonanal aldehyde appeared in important concentrations in living individuals. While pentadecane, 8-hexyl- and ethyl oleate were mainly extracted from the venom apparatus. Ketones 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone and 7-nonen-2-one, 4,8-dimethyl- were identified by both procedures, as was 1,7-Nonadiene, 4,8-dimethyl-. Some compounds were detected for the first time in V. velutina such as naphthalene, 1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl). The chemical profile by caste was also characterized., Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2018/059, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB / 00690/2020, European Union | Ref. EAPA_800 / 2018 — Atlantic-POSitive