BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

We show that there exist c-generated algebras (and dense in C (a)([0, 1])) every nonzero element of which is a nowhere Gevrey differentiable function. This leads to results of dense algebrability (and, therefore, lineability) of functions enjoying this property. In the process of proving these results we also provide a new construction of nowhere Gevrey differentiable functions., The fourth author was supported by CNPq Grant 401735/2013-3 (PVE - Linha 2).

[EN] The purpose of this study is to improve the spray characteristics of a direct injection Diesel nozzle. Spray
atomization of the multi-hole atomization enhancement nozzle, which was invented in previous studies, is explored.
The aim is to improve and obtain excellent spray characteristics. The effects of different nozzle geometries and
dimensions on spray characteristics are investigated, including chamfered and rounded nozzle hole inlets and a
multi-hole atomization enhancement nozzles. It is found that the multi-hole atomization enhancement nozzle with
a rounded chamfered inlet is effective in achieving a high-dispersion spray, a large spray angle and small droplets.
However, it should be noted that the spray is significantly atomized and a large number of small droplets as
suspended as a mist. The photographic images of the spray are taken against a white background and the
boundaries between the ejected spray and the background are indistinct. Furthermore, the breakup length is short
at 3 mm for a hole diameter of 0.3 mm, the spray angle is about 70° and the Sauter mean diameter decreases
dramatically to 15 μm at a low injection pressure of 10 MPa, This research was partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (C) Grant Number 15K05847 and also partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEWT) MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities. The authors wish to express their thanks for the supporting for this research.

[EN] The Spanish coast preserves many watchtowers as an important cultural heritage. They testify the insecurity of this maritime border in different historical periods, especially during the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, when it was attacked regularly by what has come to be known as Berber piracy.
The territory of Vélez-Málaga was not alien to this process and, after the Castilian conquest of the Axarquía region in the late fifteenth century, the western border between the Christian and the Islamic
kingdoms of the western Mediterranean moved to the southeaster coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
The municipal district of Vélez-Málaga has an important architectural and archaeological heritage
from different origins, including its defensive structures. They belong to a broader military system in the
territory that consisted of coastal and inland watchtowers, farmstead towers, fortified enclosures in addition to the castle and the urban walls of Vélez-Málaga.
This paper presents the first data obtained from the diagnosis of this heritage in the frame of the programme of conservation of the defensive architecture from the municipality of Vélez-Málaga., Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del
Proyecto I+D+i “Las atalayas que defendieron el
reino de nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)” (Programa Estatal
de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y
Técnica de Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, HAR2016-
79689-P, 2017-2020), convocatoria de 2016, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER. El estudio de las
torres conservadas en este término municipal ha
permitido la realización de la diagnosis de estas
torres dentro del programa de arquitectura defensiva del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de VélezMálaga (EDUSI O.T.6 – 0.E.6.3.4 Rehabilitación y Promoción del Patrimonio Histórico,
VM-OT6-LA1).

[EN] In the last decades, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become increasingly attractive to medical applications due to their unique properties such as small size, biocompatibility, immunity to electromagnetic interferences, high sensitivity and multiplexing capability. FBGs have been employed in the development of surgical tools, assistive devices, wearables, and biosensors, showing great potentialities for medical uses. This paper reviews the FBG-based measuring systems, their principle of work, and their applications in medicine and healthcare. Particular attention is given to sensing solutions for biomechanics, minimally invasive surgery, physiological monitoring, and medical biosensing. Strengths, weaknesses, open challenges, and future trends are also discussed to highlight how FBGs can meet the demands of next-generation medical devices and healthcare system., This work was supported in part by INAIL (the Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accident at Work), through the BRIC (Bando ricerche in collaborazione) 2018 SENSE-RISC (Sviluppo di abiti intelligENti Sensorizzati per prevenzione e mitigazione di Rischi per la SiCurezza dei lavoratori) Project under Grant ID10/2018, in part by the UCBM (Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma) under the University Strategic HOPE (HOspital to the PatiEnt) Project, in part by the EU Framework Program H2020-FETPROACT-2018-01 NeuHeart Project under Grant GA 824071, by FCT/MEC (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) under the Projects UIDB/50008/2020 - UIDP/50008/2020, and by REACT (Development of optical fiber solutions for Rehabilitation and e-Health applications) FCT-IT-LA scientific action.

[EN] Purpose Preterm birth represents one of the main causes of neonatal morbimortality and a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. Appropriate predictive methods for preterm birth outcome, which consequently would facilitate prevention programs, are needed. We aim to predict birth date in women with a threatened preterm labour (TPL) based on stress response to TPL diagnosis, cumulative life stressors, and relevant obstetric variables. Methods A prospective cohort of 157 pregnant women with TPL diagnosis between 24 and 31 weeks gestation formed the study sample. To estimate the stress response to TPL, maternal salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase levels, along with anxiety and depression symptoms were measured. To determine cumulative life stressors, previous traumas, social support, and family functioning were registered. Then, linear regression models were used to examine the effect of potential predictors of birth date. Results Lower family adaptation, higher Body Mass Index (BMI), higher cortisol levels and TPL diagnosis week were the main predictors of birth date. Gestational week at TPL diagnosis showed a non-linear interaction with cortisol levels: TPL women with middle- and high-cortisol levels before 29 weeks of gestation went into imminent labour. Conclusion A combination of stress response to TPL diagnosis (salivary cortisol) and cumulative life stressors (family adaptation) together with obstetric factors (TPL gestational week and BMI) was the best birth date predictor. Therefore, a psychosocial therapeutic intervention program aimed to increase family adaptation and decrease cortisol levels at TPL diagnosis as well as losing weight, may prevent preterm birth in symptomatic women., Prior to study initiation, a grant was awarded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/01352). To achieve this grant, the project was assessed by an external peer review panel, guaranteeing scientific quality and ethical integrity. MV acknowledges PI17/0131 grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) (ISCIII; Plan Estatal de I + D + I 2013-2016) and co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund "A way to achieve Europe" (ERDF); and RETICS funded by the PN 2018-2011 (Spain), ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), RD16/0022/0001.VD acknowledges PI18/01352 grant from the ISCIII. CC-P acknowledges a "Miguel Servet I" grant (CP16/00082) from the ISCIII. AG-B acknowledges a "Juan Rodes" grant (JR17/00003) and a health research project (PI18/01352) from the ISCIII. LC-B acknowledges a "Rio Hortega" grant (CM20/00143) from the ISCIII.

[EN] The creative industry based mainly on cultural activities begins
to gain relevance due to its contribution to the economy of the
countries. Thus, in 2001, the term orange or creative economy
appears for the 3rst time. Since then the countries and by di4erent
ways try to foment this industry. This article presents the O-City
project, which consists in the design of a platform that allows the
promotion of the creative industry in Spain and in the European
countries that collaborate in the project through the impulse of the
entrepreneurial initiative and the training of professionals, putting in
value the cultural and natural heritage of cities as well as the
creation of intersectoral networks., [ES] La industria creativa basada principalmente en actividades
culturales empieza a cobrar relevancia debido a su contribución a la
economía de los países. Así en 2001 aparece por primera vez el
término de economía naranja o creativa. Desde entonces los países y
por diferentes vías intentan fomentar esta industria. Este artículo
presenta el proyecto O-City, que consiste en el diseño de una
plataforma que permite fomentar la industria creativa en España y
en los países europeos que colaboran en el proyecto a través del
impulso de la iniciativa emprendedora y la formación de
profesionales, poniendo en valor el patrimonio cultural y natural de
las ciudades así como la creación de redes intersectoriales.

[EN] O-City is a non-profit project funded by European Union with the aim of promoting Orange Economy throughout education and collaboration among municipalities, educational entities and businesses. This project has two main assets, the O-City e-learning platform and the O-City World platform. This paper presents the technical aspects of the O-City World platform, which is a digital application that allows interaction among cities, educators and professionals. This platform has a role-based access control with seven different users able to perform different functionalities. Thanks to the collaboration among these stakeholders the platform is growing exponentially., This work has been funded by European Commission inside the Erasmus Plus Projects - KA2: Cooperation for
innovation and the exchange of good practices - Knowledge Alliances under Project Number 600963-EPP-1-2018-
1-ES-EPPKA2-KA.

[EN] STUDY QUESTION: Does in vitro fertilization (IVF) affect the course of anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as physiological stress from pregnancy to postpartum period?, MV funded by FIS PI17/0131 grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and RETICS funded by the PN 2018-2011, and the European Regional Development Fund, reference RD16/0022/0001; AG-B funded by a 'Juan Rodes' Grant (JR17/00003) from the ISCIII. CC-P funded by a 'Miguel Servet I' Grant (CP16/00082) from the ISCIII.

A detailed study is presented of a 15.3-m-thick Pleistocene coastal terrace located on the Cantabrian coast (northern Spain). Stratigraphic, sedimentological, topographic and micropalaeontological information is combined with a chronology based on luminescence dating to characterize the deposits. The sedimentary succession records: (i) a basal transgressive system, consisting of a wave-cut surface covered by a lower layer of beach gravels and upper beach pebbly sands; and (ii) a thicker upper highstand system (aggrading), comprising medium to very fine aeolian sands interbedded with thin palustrine muds. Luminescence dating involved a detailed sampling strategy (36 samples and two modern analogues) and the use of both quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence single aliquot regeneration protocols; feldspar results were used to confirm the completeness of bleaching of the quartz OSL signal. The quartz OSL luminescence age depth relationship shows significant dispersion, but nevertheless two rapid phases of deposition can be clearly identified: one at ~130 ka [Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] and one at ~100 ka (MIS 5c). The top of the succession is dated to ~70 ka. The MIS 5e marine maximum flooding surface is identified at an elevation of 6.85 m above mean seal level. This elevation provides evidence of a regional sea-level highstand for this sector of the Cantabrian coast. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd., This work was co‐funded by projects Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad – MINECO (CGL2013‐41083‐P and RTI2018‐095678‐B‐C21, MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE), Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea – UPV/EHU (UFI11/09), Eusko Jaurlaritza – EJ GV−1 (IT365‐10, IT767‐13 and IT976‐16) and Fundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia, with FEDER and COMPETE 2020 funds, through project UID/MAR/04292/2020 – MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre). Susi Fernández (Mendi Topografia, Spain) determined the topographic location of the samples. The Geology Group of the University of Cantabria (A. Cendrero, J. R. Diaz de Terán, J. Remondo and V. Bruschi) suggested the scientific interest of the Oyambre deposit to the authors. Manu Monge‐Ganuzas and Eduardo Leorri assisted in the field. Haizea Quintas revised the foraminiferal samples. Dr Natasha Barlow and another anonymous reviewer greatly improved the original manuscript with their comments and constructive suggestions. This is contribution 44 of the Geo‐Q Zentroa Research Unit (Joaquín Gómez de Llarena Laboratory). J.‐P. Buylaert received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC‐2014‐StG 639904 – RELOS.

Vespa velutina has been rapidly expanding throughout Galicia since 2012. It is causing human health risks and well-known losses in the beekeeping sector. Control methods are scarce, unspecific, and ineffective. Semiochemicals are insect-derived chemicals that play a role in communication and they could be used an integrated pest management tool alternative to conventional pesticides. A previous determination of the organic chemical profile should be the first step in the study of these semiochemicals. HS-SPME in living individuals and the sting apparatus extraction followed by GC-MS spectrometry were combined to extract a possible profile of these compounds in 43 hornets from Galicia. The identified compounds were hydrocarbons, ketones, terpenes, and fatty acid, and fatty acid esters. Nonanal aldehyde appeared in important concentrations in living individuals. While pentadecane, 8-hexyl- and ethyl oleate were mainly extracted from the venom apparatus. Ketones 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone and 7-nonen-2-one, 4,8-dimethyl- were identified by both procedures, as was 1,7-Nonadiene, 4,8-dimethyl-. Some compounds were detected for the first time in V. velutina such as naphthalene, 1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl). The chemical profile by caste was also characterized., Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2018/059, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB / 00690/2020, European Union | Ref. EAPA_800 / 2018 — Atlantic-POSitive

The stricter regulation regarding the use of fluorinated gases (F-gases), as a consequence of their high Global Warming Potential (GWP), represents a challenge for the refrigeration industry. The design of alternatives requires the recycling of the low to moderate GWP compounds from current refrigerant blends. However, there is not a developed and standardized technology available to recover them, and once the life cycle of the refrigeration equipment has ended, most gases are incinerated. Fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) can effectively perform as absorbents to the complex separation of F-gas mixtures. In this work, a methodology based on the COSMO-RS thermodynamic package integrated into an Aspen Plus process simulator was used to evaluate the performance of an FIL to recover difluoromethane (R-32) from the commercial blend R-407F. The environmental sustainability of the recovery process (circular economy scenario) was analyzed with a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, comparing the obtained results with the conventional R-32 production (benchmark scenario). The results reveal a 30% recovery of 98 wt % R-32 suitable for further reuse with environmental load reduction in the 86–99% range compared to the R-32 production. This study can guide the development of new F-gas recovery technologies to improve the environmental impacts of these compounds from a circular economy perspective., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This work presents a thermodynamic model that characterizes 4th-generation hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs)-based refrigerants with the molecular-based soft-SAFT equation of state (Blas and Vega, 1998) as well as its application in process simulations for a selected refrigeration application. The evaluation of the HFOs has been done building on a molecular model transferred from the equivalent hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), taking advantage of the similarities between the two chemical families. The model has been used to calculate all thermophysical properties of the selected HFOs relevant for their application as refrigerants, including the saturated density, vapor pressure, heat capacity, speed of sound, surface tension and viscosity, providing good agreement with experimental available data. In addition, phase equilibria, interfacial behavior and viscosity calculations have been performed for blends between HFCs and the two most common HFOs, R1234yf and R1234ze(E). The obtained thermodynamic properties have been used for a process simulation of a vapor compression refrigeration system, comparing the 3rd generation refrigerant R410A with these 4th generation blends, including the Coefficient of Performance for different cases, in order to establish the best alternative to R410A. Overall, this work shows how molecular modeling tools can be used now a day, as a complementary tool to generate reliable data for process simulation, in this case related to the search for alternative refrigerants.

We analyze the properties of networks obtained from the trajectories of unimodal maps at the transi- tion to chaos via the horizontal visibility (HV) algorithm. We find that the network degrees fluctuate at all scales with amplitude that increases as the size of the network grows, and can be described by a spectrum of graph-theoretical generalized Lyapunov exponents. We further define an entropy growth rate that describes the amount of information created along paths in network space, and find that such en- tropy growth rate coincides with the spectrum of generalized graph-theoretical exponents, constituting a set of Pesin-like identities for the network.

El presente artículo pretende describir el desarrollo de una nueva metodología no invasiva de documentación digital de petroglifos y pinturas rupestres pertenecientes al paleolítico, a través de técnicas y herramientas del tratamiento digital de imágenes para optimizar materiales y tiempos en la obtención de información gráfica, representativa y de precisión.
Abstract: This article aims to describe the development of a new non-invasive methodology, through techniques and tools of digital image processing to optimize materials and time in obtaining graphical representative and accurate information from petroglyphs and rock paintings belonging to Paleolithic.

An important part of human intelligence, both historically and operationally, is our ability to communicate. We learn how to communicate, and maintain our communicative skills, in a society of communicators – a highly effective way to reach and maintain proficiency in this complex skill. Principles that might allow artificial agents to learn language this way are in completely known at present – the multi-dimensional nature of socio-communicative skills are beyond every machine learning framework so far proposed. Our work begins to address the challenge of proposing a way for observation-based machine learning of natural language and communication. Our framework can learn complex communicative skills with minimal up-front knowledge. The system learns by incrementally producing predictive models of causal relationships in observed data, guided by goal-inference and reasoning using forward-inverse models. We present results from two experiments where our S1 agent learns human communication by observing two humans interacting in a realtime TV-style interview, using multimodal communicative gesture and situated language to talk about recycling of various materials and objects. S1 can learn multimodal complex language and multimodal communicative acts, a vocabulary of 100 words forming natural sentences with relatively complex sentence structure, including manual deictic reference and anaphora. S1 is seeded only with high-level information about goals of the interviewer and interviewee, and a small ontology; no grammar or other information is provided to S1 a priori. The agent learns the pragmatics, semantics, and syntax of complex utterances spoken and gestures from scratch, by observing the humans compare and contrast the cost and pollution related to recycling aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspaper, plastic, and wood. After 20 hours of observation S1 can perform an unscripted TV interview with a human, in the same style, without making mistakes.

In this communication we report a direct immunoassay for detecting dengue virus by means of a label-free interferometric optical detection method. We also demonstrate how we can optimize this sensing response by adding a blocking step able to significantly enhance the optical sensing response. The blocking reagent used for this optimization is a dry milk diluted in phosphate buffered saline. The recognition curve of dengue virus over the proposed surface sensor demonstrates the capacity of this method to be applied in Point of Care technology.

This paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates a compact and scalable approach for high-order UWB pulses based on phase-to-intensity conversion by means of a FBG photonic superstructure. In this scheme, we have designed a customized FBG assemblage that permits lineal combination of UWB low-order derivatives to generate high order pulse generation. Experimental results are depicted from the preliminary design of the array. The generated pulses are presented in both time and frequency domain, revealing a proper fit in terms of the FCC settled mask and hence, optimal efficiency percentages.

In this work, a scheme that relies on phase-to-intensity (PM-IM) conversion for high order UWB pulses generation is proposed and demonstrated by using a customized optical filter. The obtained triplet pulse reveals high efficiency and proper fitting for FCC standards.

La delimitación de parcelas agrícolas a gran escala juega un papel primordial en los estudios relacionados con el manejo y la gestión de las explotaciones agrícolas. Por ello, es necesario el diseño de métodos computacionales que realicen esta labor de forma automática, rápida y precisa. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar un marco que permita la correcta delimitación de las parcelas. La metodología propuesta emplea un consenso de segmentaciones a diferentes escalas para proporcionar información acerca de los bordes más significativos correspondientes a las parcelas agrícolas presentes en una imagen de muy alta resolución espacial.

Direct optical modulation of a 1.55 ?m three-section Master Oscillator Power Amplifier has been demonstrated. The temporal response, the optical spectra and the optical modulation amplitude have been analyzed as a function of the frequency and the modulating amplitude. For low modulation amplitude, no spectral broadening was observed up to 1.5 GHz. However, at 12.5 MHz an optical broadening of ~ 4 pm was observed for high modulation amplitudes. At this frequency an extinction ratio of 42 dB has been achieved. The modulation amplitude degrades for frequency values higher than 30 MHz. The device performance under modulation at 12.5 MHz is interesting for its application as laser source for CO2 detection by differential absorption LIDAR operating in the Continuous Wave Random Modulation mode.

This paper is aimed to explain the radiation test in temperature performed on the radiofrequency assembly (RFA) of the Medium Gain Antenna (MGA) of ESA BepiColombo mission. The goal of this mission is to observe and study Mercury and its surroundings in a very demanding and stringent environment in terms of temperature and radiation. The paper presents the measurement set-up for the qualification campaign of the antenna, where it was necessary to characterize the antenna in a representative thermal environment.

In this paper the effect of truck traffic on road safety has been analyzed through simulation study. The main objective of the study is to quantify the effect of the decreasing average annual daily traffic of heavy duty vehicles (trucks) on road safety. As the road safety indicators the frequency road accidents is considered. The data used in the study were collected from one of the most crowded routes in Spain which connects Almeria (southeast) with Barcelona (northeast). The observed data covers year 2010 and were classified into 2 road types: dual carriageways and toll roads. The estimation was carried out using negative binomial model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Using the estimation results new traffic scenarios were proposed where the traffic flow is assumed to change its values. A total of 33 scenarios were proposed and new accidents data were generated through MCMC sampling. The comparison of the simulated and observed accident data shows that the effect of decreasing truck traffic flow could meliorate road safety in the route. The simulation tool could be applied to evaluate the effects of freight modal shift from road to rail.

This paper describes the main findings of a coordinated study performed by INSIA-UPM aimed to assess the potential influence of several autonomous emergency braking systems (AEB) in vehicle-pedestrian collisions through reconstruction of real-world accidents occurred in the city of Madrid (Spain). A total number of 43 vehicle-pedestrian collisions have been in-depth investigated following a common methodology, including on the spot data collection, analysis and reconstruction to estimate the collision speed and the pedestrian kinematics. Every single case has been virtual simulated six times using PC-Crash® software: the first is a reconstruction of the real accident and the following times are simulations in which the operation of AEB systems are emulated. The AEB systems emulated in this paper through computer simulations are based on commercial solutions.

Los robots híper-redundantes son aquellos que disponen de un elevado número de grados de libertad, por lo que presentan numerosas ventajas frente a los robots convencionales. En este proyecto se ha diseñado un robot llamado KYMA (“onda” en griego). Se trata de un manipulador híper-redundante de tipo continuo y blando, por lo que presenta ventajas como una gran versatilidad, facilidad para sortear obstáculos, tolerancia a fallos y armonía y seguridad en sus movimientos. Con este robot se pretende realizar tareas como lectura de sensorización, inspección de zonas de difícil acceso, recolección de muestras puntuales, inspección visual o interacción con elementos estructurales simples.
El diseño del robot es de autoría propia y de carácter innovador. Su estructura está formada por un conjunto de fuelles a los que se les acopla una serie de discos intermodulares accionados mediante motores y con transmisión por cables. Dispone de 12 GdL repartidos de tres en tres a lo largo de cuatro módulos. Tiene una longitud ligeramente superior a un metro y es capaz de doblarse sobre sí mismo hasta 360º. Se ha realizado un primer estudio del movimiento del robot en lazo abierto, con el fin de observar sus capacidades y limitaciones. Durante las pruebas el robot se ha desplazado de forma precisa y en condiciones de seguridad dentro de su espacio de trabajo. Se espera que este robot suponga un avance sustancial en el campo de la robótica híper-redundante y blanda.

Transport is a major user of carbon-based fuels and is seen as crucial intervention sector for meeting CO2 emission reduction targets. While the academic literature has traditionally focused more on correlating built environment factors (i.e. urban density, trip distance, etc.) and production of CO2 in the transport sector, only limited attention has been paid to the influence of lifestyle factors. This paper examines the effects of lifestyle and built environments factors on transport CO2 emissions generated by the daily commutes to and from the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) in Greater Barcelona (Spain). The analysis revealed that lifestyle choices were as relevant as the built environment for understanding the emitting sources and CO2 volume. Accordingly, the study provides insights how the design of efficient transport policy packages can integrate lifestyle factors as a central focal point.

The new generation HTS satellites operate based on the multibeam concept, one of the main advantages of the HTS satellites is the reduction of the cost of available satellite capacity. The method proposed in this paper for the optimization of the costs of a HTS satellite network and it has as focus the analysis of downlink during the forward link depending on the number of beams used and the G/T ratio of the user station. The methodology presented in this paper achieves the best system for the highest capacity achievable according to a set of technical and cost requirements and constraints for different scenarios.

The importance of implementing the use of the Ka and Q/V bands in the Feeder Link lies in the saturation that exists in other frequency bands. The new generation of HTS/VHTS satellites operates based on multibeam coverage; one of the main advantages of the HTS/VHTS satellites is the reduction of the cost of available satellite capacity. The method proposed in this paper for the optimization of the costs of a HTS satellite network focuses on the analysis of the forward link depending on the number of beams used and the G/T ratio of the user station. The methodology presented in this paper achieves the optimal trade-off solution for the highest capacity achievable according to a set of technical and cost requirements and constraints for different scenarios.

The analysis of experimental drop size distributions (DSDs) is useful to characterize rainfall phenomena in order to provide improved attenuation predictions, particularly at millimeter-wave frequencies. The DSD has a strong dependence on the characteristics of the rain event, thus an event classification obtained from easily measured parameters is recommendable. In this study, data from a Micro Rain Radar (MRR), and some auxiliary extra equipment, as a pluviometer and a disdrometer, are used to classify the rain events that took place in Madrid in 2015. Then statistics of DSD are obtained.

Atmospheric phenomena, like rain or clouds, play an important role in global climatic processes, and in open space communications. Their presence can involve additional signal attenuation that can lead to the appearance of errors or even unavailability of the deployed links. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review about the use of millimetric radar for cloud characterization is made. The main complications, like drizzle or ice particles are listed. Then, procedures for obtaining water content are shown, for liquid and iced particles. Finally, Doppler techniques, capable of separate the different contributions to the spectra are presented.

This paper presents several design possibilities for full integration of phase control with a LTCC-printed radiating element. The target is to define a high-efficient, low-profile, low-priced radiating element with phase control for using in T/R active phased-array antennas for satellite communications in the K/Ka-band (18-20GHz/28-30GHz). Mobile satellite communications and internet links, mainly for commercial aircrafts, are the applications for these elements to be used. The phase control is done by varactor diodes, though some different options have been considered. All the design proposals implement a three-bit phase control in order to change not only phase, but circular polarization as well. The feeding network consists of a microstrip transmission line, suitable for soldering phase-shift components. The radiating element is a double-stacked circular printed patch in LTCC substrate to reduce losses.

En la actualidad, la sociedad demanda un incremento del nivel de se-guridad de las presas. En muchos países esta realidad se ha traducido en una mayor exigencia en las normativas técnicas aplicables. En estas circunstancias, el caso par-ticular de la seguridad hidrológica adquiere aún más importancia debido al recrudecimiento de las avenidas extremas provocado por el cambio climático. Ante este escenario, se requieren respuestas que tengan en consideración el efecto sobre la disminución del riesgo realmente alcanzado y la limitación de los recursos económicos disponibles. Todo ello ha dado como resultado un cambio de paradigma a nivel internacional y que se comiencen a utilizar soluciones novedosas como los aliviaderos no convencionales, los aliviaderos fusibles, los aliviaderos de emergencia o las protecciones del cuerpo de la presa, que consigan evitar o reducir a niveles aceptables los daños en el mismo en el caso de que se produzca un vertido por coronación por la falta de capacidad del aliviadero. El artículo pretende dar una visión global sobre el estado actual de la técnica, mostrando casos de estudio existentes y algunos de los avances desarrollados en nuestro país en proyectos de investigación aplicada desarrollados por los autores.

El proyecto minero de Cobre Las Cruces, en Sevilla evoluciona en estos momentos a la extracción y tratamiento de la zona primaria de mineral del yacimiento. El presente trabajo realizado en el año 2017 se ha desarrollado bajo el amparo del proyecto europeo AMCO (Automated Microscopic Characterization of Ores, Programa H2020, EIT15039 / UE), coordinado por UPM. Este ha consistido en el estudio y caracterización geometalúrgica de 13 muestras recogidas en la mina, litoteca de sondeos y planta piloto mediante el sistema CAMEVA de microscopia óptica automatizada, el cual ha demostrado ser de gran utilidad al aportar descripción y cuantificación de las fases minerales y sus alteraciones químicas o estructurales. Utilizando parámetros o índices metálicos de sulfuros en especial de cobre se ha llegado a las conclusiones y recomendaciones para el diseño y construcción de la planta real. Estas no son otras que realizar blending previo a la alimentación de la planta debido a la gran variedad composicional de las muestras, la presencia casi total de gangas silicatadas en detrimento de carbonatadas y la baja presencia de paragénesis de menas oxidadas y moderada de zonas de cementación, incluso en la zona de contacto con el mineral secundario previamente explotado, aunque en ocasiones alta de elementos traza como el Bi, Sb, As perjudiciales en el refinado electrolítico posterior. ABSTRACT The copper project Las Cruces, in Seville is currently evolving to the extraction and treatment of the primary ore zone of the deposit. The present work, made in the year 2017 has been developed under the umbrella of the European project AMCO (Automated Microscopic Characterization of Ores, Program H2020, EIT15039 / UE), coordinated by UPM. This has consisted in the study and geometallurgical characterization of 13 samples collected in the mine, drill core library and pilot processing plant through CAMEVA system of automated optical microscopy, which has proved to be very useful when providing description and quantification of mineral phases and its chemical or structural changes. Using parameters or metal indicators of sulfides, especially copper, have been reached to the conclusions and recommendations for the design and construction of the real plant. These are not other than blending prior to feeding the plant due to the great compositional variety of the samples, the almost total presence of silicates rocks in detriment of carbonated and the low presence of oxidized ores even in the contact area with the secondary mineral previously exploited, although it has trace elements such as Bi, Sb, As harmful in the subsequent electrolytic refining.

Estudios recientes han demostrado que la suplementación de alimentos con Arthrospira sp. tiene un efecto beneficioso sobre la salud y el crecimiento de los peces, pero se sabe poco acerca de sus posibles efectos sobre la capacidad de respuesta al estrés, o cómo la administración de suplementos afecta al microbiota intestinal o la calidad de la carne. En el primer estudio, se administró alimento suplementado con Arthrospira platensis (CP 9108) al 0 % y al 1 % en alevines de Oreochromis niloticus, de aproximadamente 10 mg de peso vivo al inicio del período experimental. Estos se dividieron en dos tratamientos (n = 16 tanques, 8 tanques / tratamiento, 25 alevines / tanque). Ambas dietas fueron isocalóricas e isonitrogenadas (5,00 / 4,98 kcal / g MS y 44,6 / 44,8 CP% MS, respectivamente). La tasa de alimentación fue del 6% de peso vivo con cuatro comidas al día durante 50 días. Los tanques usados funcionaban bajo un sistema de recirculación. El aumento de peso por tanque, la tasa de crecimiento específica y la tasa de conversión alimenticia fueron similares entre los tratamientos, pero la suplementación con A. platensis aumentó significativamente la supervivencia (p <0.05). Tras el tratamiento se midió la respuesta al estrés en todos los peces de 12 de los tanques. Mediante una prueba no invasiva de “two-choice” (dos opciones). Para ello se necesitan dos tanques unidos por un canal, donde se presentan diferentes estímulos, y se observa la respuesta de los alevines a la situación. La prueba inicia colocando todos los peces de un mismo tanque (n = 6 por tratamiento), en el tanque A sombreado (situación favorable), mientras que el otro tanque B es iluminado (estresante). Seguidamente, se fue disminuyendo lentamente la concentración de O2 en el tanque A. Los peces alimentados con A. platensis se mantuvieron significativamente (P = 0,001) más tiempo en el tanque A (30,20 min ± 13,22) que los controles (17,35 min ± 8,32), lo que sugiere una menor capacidad de respuesta al estrés y una mayor tolerancia a la hipoxia. En el segundo estudio, se administró alimento suplementado con A. platensis (CP 9108) al 3% a juveniles de en torno a 109 g de O. niloticus durante un período de 50 días, y se comparó parámetros sanguíneos y de calidad de carne con los controles. Los niveles de triglicéridos y cortisol fueron mayores en los peces suplementados, aunque dentro de los parámetros normales aceptados para la especie. El crecimiento diario promedio fue mayor en los peces suplementados (P <0,05). El rigor mortis se resolvió antes en peces suplementados (P <0,05) indicando una posible vida útil más corta del producto. Todos estos datos sugieren un aumento del metabolismo de los peces suplementados con A. platensis. Por otro lado, el color de la carne de los peces suplementados, fue más intenso a las 24 h post-mortem en el rango de 470-500 nm y 620-660 nm, lo que corresponde con un perfil de aumento de β-caroteno y ficocianina en los peces alimentados con A. platensis. Finalmente, se tomaron 16 muestras (n=8 por tratamiento) de intestino de los peces utilizados en la segunda prueba para realizar su microbiota intestinal. Se obtuvieron un total de 5.470.272 lecturas de las 16 muestras, una diversidad gamma de 1563 especies. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos; Los patrones de diversidad alfa fueron similares (media ± SE, Simpson 0,80 ± 0,08, Shannon 2,68 ± 0,53, Margalef 38,07 ± 8,65, Caos 560,9 ± 113,3). El patrón del microbiota en el nivel de phylum observado se compone de 36,58% de Proteobacterias, y 32,85% de Fusobacterias, seguido de 9,24% de Actinobacterias. Esto sugiere que la suplementación con un 3% de A. platensis no afecta al microbiota intestinal de O. niloticus. ----------ABSTRACT---------- Several recent studies have shown that adding Arthrospira sp. to feed can have beneficial effects on the health and growth of fish, but less is known about its possible effects on the ability to respond to stress, or how supplementation affects gut microbiota or the quality of the meat. In the first trial, feed was supplemented with 0% or 1% Arthrospira platensis (CP 9108) and fed to Oreochromis niloticus fry, of approximately 10 mg live weight. in two treatments (n = 16 tanks, 8 tanks / treatment, 25 fry / tank). Both diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous (5.00 / 4.98 kcal / g MS and 44.6 / 44.8 CP% MS, respectively). The feeding rate was 6 % live weight, four meals a day for 50 days. Fish were kept in tanks in a recirculating system. The increase in weight per tank, the specific growth rate and the feed conversion rate were similar between treatments, but supplementation with A. platensis significantly increased survival (p <0.05). At the end of the trial, the stress response was measured in all the fish from 12 tanks. using a non-invasive "two-choice" test, where two tanks were joined by a tunnel, and different stimuli were presented, and the response of the fry was observed. The test started by placing all the fish in tank A (n = 6 per treatment) which was shaded (favourable situation), while the other tank B was lit (stressful). Then, the concentration of O2 in the shaded tank was slowly decreased, forcing the fish to choose between stressful situations It was observed that the fish fed with A. platensis stayed significantly (P = 0,001) longer in tank A (30.20 min ± 13.22) than the controls (17.35 min ± 8.32), which suggests a lower capacity to respond to stress and a greater tolerance to hypoxia. During the second trial, feed supplemented with A. platensis (CP 9108) at 3% was administered to juveniles of around 109 g of O. niloticus during a period of 50 days, and blood and meat quality parameters were compared with controls. Significant differences were obtained in blood triglyceride and cortisol levels, which were higher in A. platensis fish, although within the normal parameters accepted for the species. The average daily growth was higher in the supplemented fish (P <0.05). Rigor mortis was resolved earlier in A. platensis fish (P <0.05) indicating a possible shorter shelf life of the product. All these data suggest an increase in the metabolism of fish supplemented with A. platensis. On the other hand, the meat colour of the supplemented fish was more intense at 24 h post-mortem was higher in the range of 470-500 nm and 620-660 nm, which corresponds to an increase profile of β -carotene and phycocyanin in fish fed A. platensis. Finally, 16 samples (n = 8 per treatment) were taken from the intestine of the fish used in the second test, to perform a gut microbiota test. A total of 5,470,272 readings were obtained from the 16 samples, a gamma diversity of 1563 species. No significant differences were found between the treatments; The alpha diversity patterns were similar (mean ± SE, Simpson 0.80 ± 0.08, Shannon 2.68 ± 0.53, Margalef 38.07 ± 8.65, Chaos 560.9 ± 113.3). The microflora pattern at the level of phylum observed is composed of 36.58% of Proteobacteria, and 32.85% of Fusobacteria, followed by 9.24% of Actinobacteria. This shows that supplementation with 3% of A. platensis does not affect the intestinal microbiota of O. niloticus.

Este PFG aporta una herramienta, en forma de app, que funciona en dispositivos móviles (iOS y Android), y que permite medir determinadas dimensiones en el funcionamiento del equipo, valorarlas, y poder actuar sobre ellas en caso de que se considere adecuado. Estas dimensiones han sido identificadas, a través de la literatura, como esenciales en las comunidades transformadoras. Mediante la app se toman medidas que incluyen parámetros fisiológicos de los miembros del equipo, como la frecuencia cardiaca a través de wearables, que se relacionan con la sincronía fisiológica, la calidad de la colaboración, y la eficacia del equipo, relacionados con la inteligencia colectiva, medidas de características individuales, utilizando “Reading the mind in the eyes” y por último, nivel de equipo, aplicando “Team Diagnostic Survey” que analiza varios factores, como la estructura y la eficacia del equipo [Wageman].

Ontolex-lemon is the de facto standard to represent lexica relative to ontologies and it can be used to encode term banks as RDF. Amulti-lingual, multijurisdictional term bank of copyright-related concepts has been published as linked data based on the ontolex-lemon model. The terminology links information from WIPO (concepts and definitions), IATE (multilingual terms, usage notes) and other sources as Creative Commons (multilingual definitions) or DBpedia (general concepts). The terms have been hierarchically arranged, spanning multiple languages and targeting different jurisdictions. The term bank has been published as a TBX dump file and is publicly accessible as linked data. The term bank has been used to annotate common licenses in the RDFLicense dataset.

The analysis of brain network topological features has served to better understand these networks and reveal particular characteristics of their functional behavior. The distribution of brain network motifs is particularly useful for detecting and describing differences between brain networks and random and computationally optimized artificial networks. In this paper we use a multi-objective evolutionary optimization approach to generate optimized artificial networks that have a number of topological features resembling brain networks. The Pareto set approximation of the optimized networks is used to extract network descriptors that are compared to brain and random network descriptors. To analyze the networks, the clustering coefficient, the average path length, the modularity and the betweenness centrality are computed. We argue that the topological complexity of a brain network can be estimated using the number of evaluations needed by an optimization algorithm to output artificial networks of similar complexity. For the analyzed network examples, our results indicate that while original brain networks have a reduced structural motif number and a high functional motif number, they are not optimal with respect to these two topological features. We also investigate the correlation between the structural and functional motif numbers, the average path length and the clustering coefficient in random, optimized and brain networks.

This paper investigates the use of empirical and Archimedean copulas as probabilistic models of continuous estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs). A method for learning and sampling empirical bivariate copulas to be used in the context of n-dimensional EDAs is first introduced. Then, by using Archimedean copulas instead of empirical makes possible to construct n-dimensional copulas with the same purpose. Both copula-based EDAs are compared to other known continuous EDAs on a set of 24 functions and different number of variables. Experimental results show that the proposed copula-based EDAs achieve a better behaviour than previous approaches in a 20% of the benchmark functions.

Neural systems network-based representations are useful tools to analyze numerous phenomena in neuroscience. Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) give a concise and still rich representation of complex systems from different domains, including neural systems. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of a bidirectional relationship between networks-based representations and PGMs. We show the way in which this relationship can be exploited introducing a number of methods for the solution of classification, inference and optimization problems. To illustrate the applicability of the introduced methods, a number of problems from the field of neuroscience, in which ongoing research is conducted, are used.

Infertility is currently considered an important social problem that has been subject to special interest by medical doctors and biologists. Due to ethical reasons, different legislative restrictions apply in every country on human assisted reproduction techniques such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF). An essential problem in human assisted reproduction is the selection of suitable embryos to transfer in a patient, for which the application of artificial intelligence as well as data mining techniques can be helpful as decision-support systems. In this chapter we introduce a new multi-classification system using Gaussian networks to combine the outputs (probability distributions) of standard machine learning classification algorithms. Our method proposes to consider these outputs as inputs for a superior-level and to apply a stacking scheme to provide a meta-level classification result. We provide a proof of the validity of the approach by employing this multi-classification technique to a complex real medical problem: The selection of the most promising embryo-batch for human in-vitro fertilization treatments.

The interoperability of educational systems, encouraged by the development of specifications, standards and tools related to the Semantic Web is limited to the exchange of information in domain and student models. High system interoperability requires that a common framework be defined that represents the functional essence of educational systems. To address this need, we developed a generic model of educational systems that we called Cognitive Ontology of Educational Systems (COES) and we encoded it as functional reference ontology. It generalizes the educational system architecture, taking into account the cognitive perspective. This framework ranges from the usual e-learning systems to complex cognitive and adaptive hypermedia systems. This article describes the part of the COES related to domain knowledge representation and proposes an implementation called Generic Educational Knowledge (GEK). The GEK model is structured in a flexible way that allows the authors to codify instructional and semantic levels as needed. In order to test its feasibility, the model was applied in a distance learning course using two educational-knowledge models, GEK and ADLSCORM, and two educational systems, a traditional Web-Based Adaptive Hypermedia System and a Rich Internet Application with dialog interaction and cognitive monitoring.

Lecturers, especially those in technical or science degrees, require a basic and continuous raining focusing on their skills as teachers in higher education. In order to facilitate the design of these training programs and to define objective criteria to guide the faculty’s individual training, two taxonomies have been established. These are the result of 40 years of teaching training experience at the Institute for Educational Sciences of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Two classifications have been agreed on, that depict the training activities and the lecturers’ skills. They may be dynamically adjusted facilitating this way the monitoring and offer of the training activities. The skills classification enables the creation of scope and update coefficients which define a training reference profile at the university, allowing to calculate a fit index. The viability of this index has been confirmed, permitting the generation of individual training recommendations for lecturers.

We assess the turbulent particle transport being responsible for the limitation of the confinement and, thus, the overall performance of the neoclassically optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. The radial particle transport is experimentally inferred from the evaluation of impurity injection into turbulence reduced and enhanced plasma scenarios revealing a completely different confinement behavior. The impact of the density gradient on the turbulent ion transport is theoretically estimated using large-scale non-linear gyro-kinetic simulations enabling, for the first time in Wendelstein 7-X, a quantitative comparison to the experimentally assessed impurity transport properties. We demonstrate that impurity transport in most of the Wendelstein 7-X discharges, up to now impossible to cover only with neoclassical estimations, is dominated by turbulence and can be modelled via gyro-kinetic simulations.

The increase of bacterial strains resistant to most of the available antibiotics shows a need to explore novel antibacterial targets to discover antimicrobial drugs. Bifunctional bacterial FAD synthetases (FADSs) synthesise the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). These cofactors act in vital processes as part of flavoproteins, making FADS an essential enzyme. Bacterial FADSs are potential antibacterial targets because of differences to mammalian enzymes, particularly at the FAD producing site. We have optimised an activity-based high throughput screening assay targeting Corynebacterium ammoniagenes FADS (CaFADS) that identifies inhibitors of its different activities. We selected the three best high-performing inhibitors of the FMN:adenylyltransferase activity (FMNAT) and studied their inhibition mechanisms and binding properties. The specificity of the CaFADS hits was evaluated by studying also their effect on the Streptococcus pneumoniae FADS activities, envisaging differences that can be used to discover species-specific antibacterial drugs. The antimicrobial effect of these compounds was also evaluated on C. ammoniagenes, S. pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures, finding hits with favourable antimicrobial properties., Peer Reviewed

Highly distorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are predicted to be attractive goals in nanoscience owing to the new properties they can exhibit. We have shown that a variety of functionalized distorted heptagon-containing nanographenes can be easily prepared from simple building blocks by a sequence of Co-catalyzed cyclotrimerization and cyclodehydrogenation reactions. The versatility of this strategy allows easy subsequent enlargement of these nanostructures by Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling and final cyclodehydrogenation reactions. Soluble extended distorted nanographenes 1 and 2 containing heptagon and an edge-shared pentagon-heptagon combination have been synthesized. High distortion of the polycyclic backbone of 2 caused by non-hexagonal rings and a helicene moiety was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Experimental data reveal promising optical and electronic properties for distorted PAHs with long fluorescence lifetimes (up to 14.5 ns) and low band gaps (down to 2.27 eV). This straightforward and versatile synthetic strategy, the observed long fluorescence lifetimes and the small optical and electrochemical band gaps for the presented compounds may promote the future implementation of distorted graphene molecules in electronic devices., This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC-2015-STG-677023 - NANOGRAPHOUT). We thank the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) (CTQ2014-53598-R, TEC2014-59730). A. G. C. and B. B. gratefully acknowledge funding from MINECO for RyC-2013-12943 and RYC-2012-10381 contracts. I. R. M. thanks MECD (Spain) for a predoctoral FPU fellowship. D. C. L. thanks Intramural CSIC project (201530E01). We also thank IZO-SGI SGIker of UPV/EHU for their technical and human support and computational resources provided by the RES and the CSIRC-Alhambra supercomputing facilities.

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8º Congreso Forestal Español
Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Se ha evaluado la biomasa y el carbono secuestrado en un área cubierta por un monte bajo de Quercus pyrenaica Willd. asociado principalmente a Cistus laurifolius L. recuperado tras el incendio forestal de Chequilla (Guadalajara, España) de 2012. Se han utilizado imágenes Sentinel-2 junto con inventarios que incluyen parcelas de biomasa total en peso seco de entre 5 y 14 Mg*ha-1. Se han utilizado métodos no lineales y no paramétricos de regresión por procesos gaussianos para relacionar los valores de reflectividad de las imágenes Sentinel-2 con la biomasa total de los arbustos.
Con un inventario de 33 parcelas para 136 ha se puede evaluar la biomasa total con un RMSE de
1,58 Mg*ha-1 y un sesgo de 0,05 consiguiendo un error entre el 11,2 y el 28,8% para la biomasa
estudiada, lo que supone una buena evaluación asociada a una baja intensidad y coste de inventario
forestal. Los resultados indican una metodología apta para la gestión forestal, siendo asequible en
términos de tiempo, coste, esfuerzos y capacidad de cálculo que puede ser replicada para analizar el
balance de carbono en zonas sin gestión tras un incendio., Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el proyecto Interreg SUDOE REMAS - SOE3/P4/E0954
"Gestión del riesgo de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en los incendios forestales" (2019-
2022), cofinanciado por el Programa Interreg Sudoe a través del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo
Regional (FEDER), Peer reviewed

We present an updated and improved global fit analysis of current flavour and electroweak precision observables to derive bounds on unitarity deviations of the leptonic mixing matrix and on the mixing of heavy neutrinos with the active flavours. This new analysis is motivated by new and updated experimental results on key observables such as V, the invisible decay width of the Z boson and the W boson mass. It also improves upon previous studies by considering the full correlations among the different observables and explicitly calibrating the test statistic, which may present significant deviations from a χ distribution. The results are provided for three different Type-I seesaw scenarios: the minimal scenario with only two additional right-handed neutrinos, the next to minimal one with three extra neutrinos, and the most general one with an arbitrary number of heavy neutrinos that we parametrise via a generic deviation from a unitary leptonic mixing matrix. Additionally, we also analyze the case of generic deviations from unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix, not necessarily induced by the presence of additional neutrinos. This last case relaxes some correlations among the parameters and is able to provide a better fit to the data. Nevertheless, inducing only leptonic unitarity deviations avoiding both the correlations implied by the right-handed neutrino extension as well as more strongly constrained operators is challenging and would imply significantly more complex UV completions.

In dark-matter annihilation channels to hadronic final states, stable particles — such as positrons, photons, antiprotons, and antineutrinos — are produced via complex sequences of phenomena including QED/QCD radiation, hadronisation, and hadron decays. These processes are normally modelled by Monte Carlo (MC) event generators whose limited accuracy imply intrinsic QCD uncertainties on the predictions for indirect-detection experiments like Fermi-LAT, Pamela, IceCube or Ams–02. In this article, we perform a comprehensive analysis of QCD uncertainties, meaning both perturbative and nonperturbative sources of uncertainty are included — estimated via variations of MC renormalization-scale and fragmentation-function parameters, respectively — in antimatter spectra from dark-matter annihilation, based on parametric variations of the Pythia 8 event generator. After performing several retunings of light-quark fragmentation functions, we define a set of variations that span a conservative estimate of the QCD uncertainties. We estimate the effects on antimatter spectra for various annihilation channels and final-state particle species, and discuss their impact on fitted values for the dark-matter mass and thermally-averaged annihilation cross section. We find dramatic impacts which can go up to O(40) GeV for uncertainties on the dark-matter mass and up to O(10%) for the annihilation cross section. We provide the spectra in tabulated form including QCD uncertainties and code snippets to perform fast dark-matter fits, in this github repository.

Stainless steel (SS) alloys are prevalent in many industries, household appliances or other commodities, where a strict control of surface properties is required to tailor their interaction with the environment. In this work we report a new procedure of stainless steel surface processing that provides a multifunctional response including superhydrophobicity, omniphobicity, self-cleaning, anti-fouling and effective anti-icing capacity, while still preserving a corrosion resistance similar to that of this material in compact form. The method consists of a first nanostructuration step followed by a low fluorination. The nanostructured surfaces presented a dual scale roughness of hierarchical character. The liquid free approach developed in this work to get this singular surface nanostructuration entails a first laser treatment of stainless steel flat substrates, followed by the deposition of a nanostructured thin layer of this material by electron beam evaporation in an oblique angle configuration. The resulting hierarchical surfaces were subjected to fluorination by: (i) the plasma-assisted deposition of a thin Teflon-like coating or (ii) the grafting of fluorinated molecules. The self-cleanable, anti-adherent and ice repellent character of the resulting low fluorinated surfaces outperformed the behaviour of classical slippery surfaces obtained by the infusion of high amounts of fluorinated liquids. These hierarchical SS surfaces withstood mild abrasion tests and the effect of water jets. Moreover, the corrosion behaviour of the fluorinated surfaces determined through their potentiodynamic analysis revealed a similar corrosion resistance than the flat SS substrates. Outstandingly, after these corrosion tests, the fluorinated samples obtained by grafting preserved their surface functionalities without significant degradation. The high mechanical and chemical stability of these low fluorinated samples support their usage for a large variety of applications.

This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the current state of underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) degrees in Spain. It offers an overview of the situation across autonomous communities in Spain, highlighting the evolving trends within the country, regional variations, and the distinctions between public and private universities. The research employs descriptive statistical methods to analyze data obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Universities, Eurostat, as well as recent literature reviews. Furthermore, the study contextualizes the evolution of female enrollments in Spain by comparing it with data from other European countries. The primary objective is to gain a thorough understanding of the broader Spanish landscape and suggest future research directions aimed at reducing the gender gap in CS studies., This research is part of the COST Action - European Network for Gender Balance in Informatics project (CA19122), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union., Peer Reviewed

Information Technology (IT) plays a key role in the world we live in. As such, its relation to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) stated by the United Nations to improve lives and health of the people and the planet is inexorable. In particular, the SDG 5 aims to enforce gender equality and states 9 Targets that drive the actions to achieve such goals. The lack of women within IT has been a concern for several years. In this context, the objective of this study is to get an overview of the state of the art on gender equality in IT processes. To do so, we conducted a Systematic Mapping Study to investigate the addressed targets, challenges, and potential best practices that have been put forward so far. The results we have obtained demonstrate the novelty of this field, as well as a set of opportunities and challenges that currently exist in this regard, such as the lack of best practices to address gender equality in IT processes and the need to develop proposals that solve this problem. All of this can be used as a starting point to identify open issues that help to promote research on this field and promote and enhance best practices towards a more socially sustainable basis for gender equality in and by IT., This work is result of a postdoc from the ERCIM “Alain Bensoussan” Fellowship Program conducted at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). This research is also part of the COST Action - European Network for Gender Balance in Informatics project (CA19122), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union., Peer Reviewed