BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Understanding biological processes, such as growth, is crucial to development management and sustainability plans for bivalve populations. Von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models have been commonly used to fit bivalve growth. These models assume that individual growth is only determined by size, overlooking the effects of environmental and intrinsic conditions on growth patterns. The comparison between classical models and nonparametric GAM (generalized additive models) fits conducted in this work shows that the latter provide a more realistic approach of mussel growth measured in terms of shell length, and dry weight of hard and soft tissues. GAM fits detected a reduction in growth during the cold season, under unfavourable nutritional conditions. These fits also captured the decoupling between hard and soft tissue growth, widely addressed in the literature but not incorporated in growth models. In addition a GAM fit of condition index allowed us to explain annual changes in resources allocation, identifying the asymptotic growth of shell and the effects of the reproductive cycle on soft tissue fluctuations., This study was funded by PIE project (CSIC 201540E107), EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039), and PROINSA-CSIC contract-project (CSIC0704101100001).

Climate change is already impacting fisheries with species moving across fishing areas, crossing institutional borders, and thus creating conflicts over fisheries management. In this scenario, scholars agree that adaptation to climate change requires that fisheries increase their social, institutional, and ecological resilience. The resilience or capacity of a fishery to be maintained without shifting to a different state (e.g., collapse) is at stake under climate change impacts and overexploitation. Despite this urgent need, applying the resilience concept in a spatially explicit and quantitative manner to inform policy remains unexplored. We take a resilience approach and operationalize the concept in industrial fisheries for two species that have been observed to significantly shift distribution in European waters: hake (Merluccius merluccius) and cod (Gadus morhua), in the context of the European Union institutional settings. With a set of resilience factors from the literature and by means of contemporary and historic data, we select indicators that are combined into an index that measures resilience on the ecologic, socioeconomic, and institutional dimensions of the fishery. We find that the resilience index varies among species and countries, with lower resilience levels in the socioeconomic dimension of the fisheries. We also see that resilience largely depends on the overexploitation status of the fishery. The results highlight the need to address social and institutional settings to enhance fisheries adaptation to climate change and allow to inform on climate resilient adaptation pathways for the fisheries.

11 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablas.-- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Identifying the environmental factors driving larval settlement processes is crucial to understand the population dynamics of marine invertebrates. This work aims to go a step ahead and predict larval presence and intensity. For this purpose we consider the influence of solar irradiance, wind regime and continental runoff on the settlement processes. For the first time, we conducted a 5-years weekly monitoring of Mytilus galloprovincialis settlement on artificial suspended substrates, which allowed us to search for interannual variability in the settlement patterns. Comparison between the seasonal pattern of larval settlement and solar irradiance, as well as the well-known effect of solar irradiance on water temperature and food availability, suggest that solar irradiance indirectly influences the settlement process, and support the use of this meteorological variable to predict settlement occurrence. Our results show that solar irradiance allows predicting the beginning and end of the settlement cycle a month in advance: Particularly we have observed that solar irradiance during late winter indirectly drives the timing and intensity of the settlement onset, Finally, a functional generalise additive model, which considers the influence of solar irradiance and continental runoff on the settlement process, provides an accurate prediction of settlement intensity a fortnight in advance, This study was funded by PROINSA-CSIC contract-project (CSIC0704101100001), CSIC- PIE project (CSIC 201540E107) and EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039)., Peer reviewed

7 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla, Eastern boundary coastal upwelling ecosystems (EBUEs) are highly sensitive to climate variability, particularly to coastal wind change. Here, we test the response of the flesh yield of blue mussels cultured in the northern boundary of the Iberian–Canary current EBUE to climate-related variables. Significant relationships were found between the annual mean, seasonal build-up and phenology of the mussel flesh yield with meteorological variables such as continental runoff, intensity and direction of coastal winds, and solar radiation. Our analysis shows that better flesh yields occur during years characterised by dry winters, accompanied by early springs and followed by summers dominated by strong northerly winds that produce intense upwelling. Compared with other EBUEs, upwelling has weakened in the study area over the last fifty years, implying an overall decrease in mussel flesh yield. However, future climate scenarios suggest that coastal upwelling will intensify over the 21th century, particularly during the summer months, which would lead to a recovery of mussel flesh yield, This study was funded by the EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039), PROINSA-CSIC contract (CSIC0704101100001), and CSIC project (PIE 201540E107). V. Vinseiro was funded by contract CSIC-I3P-JAE Tech 2011, financed by the European Social Fund, Peer reviewed

8 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla, Understanding biological processes, such as growth, is crucial to development management and sustainability plans for bivalve populations. Von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models have been commonly used to fit bivalve growth. These models assume that individual growth is only determined by size, overlooking the effects of environmental and intrinsic conditions on growth patterns. The comparison between classical models and nonparametric GAM (generalized additive models) fits conducted in this work shows that the latter provide a more realistic approach of mussel growth measured in terms of shell length, and dry weight of hard and soft tissues. GAM fits detected a reduction in growth during the cold season, under unfavourable nutritional conditions. These fits also captured the decoupling between hard and soft tissue growth, widely addressed in the literature but not incorporated in growth models. In addition a GAM fit of condition index allowed us to explain annual changes in resources allocation, identifying the asymptotic growth of shell and the effects of the reproductive cycle on soft tissue fluctuations, This study was funded by PIE project (CSIC 201540E107), EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039), and PROINSA-CSIC contract-project (CSIC0704101100001), Peer reviewed

13 page, 5 figures, 1 table.-- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited, Determining the magnitude and causes of intrinsic variability is a main issue in the analysis of bivalve growth. Inter-individual variability in bivalve growth has been attributed to differences in the physiological performance. This hypothesis has been commonly tested comparing the physiological rates of fast and slow growers after size differentiation has occurred. This experimental design may detect a link between growth and physiological performance, but we cannot interpret the posterior physiological performance as a driver for the prior growth variability. Considering these limitations, this work introduces a new methodological framework for the analysis of bivalve growth variability. We have conducted sequential measurements of size and physiological performance (feeding, digestion and metabolic rates) in even-sized mussels growing under homogeneous environmental conditions. This experimental design allows us to distinguish between changes over time within individuals, i.e. growth and trends in the physiological rates, from differences between individuals with respect to a baseline level. In addition, Functional Data Analysis provides powerful tools to summarize all the information obtained in the exhaustive sampling scheme and to test whether differences in the physiological performance enhance growth dispersion. Our results report an increasing dispersion in both size and physiological performance over time. Although mussels grew during the experiment, it is difficult to detect any increasing or decreasing temporal pattern in their feeding, digestion and metabolic rates due to the large inter-individual variability. Comparison between the growth and physiological patterns of mussels with final size above (fast growers) and below (slow growers) the median found that fast growers had larger feeding and digestion rates and lower metabolic expenditures during the experimental culture than mussels with slow growth, which agrees with the hypothesis of a physiological basis for bivalve growth variability, This study has been funded by project FIGEBIV (AGL2013-49144-C3-2-R), EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039) and CSIC- PIE project (CSIC 201540E107), Peer reviewed

23 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, Understanding and modelling bivalve growth dynamics under variable environmental conditions are crucial for the development of management and sustainability aquaculture plans. This work proposes a new dynamic bivalve growth model that combines net production Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory and the species-specific growth dynamics of the Ecophysiological Model for Mussels (EMMY). In our approach, the assimilated energy is first used for metabolic requirements, and the surplus partitioned between shell formation, somatic growth, reserves and reproduction. We also incorporate site-specific estimates for feeding and spawning. We compare the performance of our model with a standard DEB model for the simulation of mussel growth in a low seston environment (Ría de Ares-Betanzos, NW Spain). Our model provides realistic estimations of shell and soft tissue growth, while the standard DEB model overestimates soft tissue growth. Indeed the Relative Mean Square Error (RMSE), which measures the discrepancy between field and simulated shell-soft tissue relationships, of our model is below 10% of that obtained with the standard DEB. Our model also captures the different effects of environmental variability on shell and flesh growth, This study has been funded by EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039) and CSIC- PIE project (CSIC 201540E107), Peer reviewed

13 pages, 2 figures, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000935, The ongoing digital revolution in the age of big data is opening new research opportunities. Culturomics and iEcology, two emerging research areas based on the analysis of online data resources, can provide novel scientific insights and inform conservation and management efforts. To date, culturomics and iEcology have been applied primarily in the terrestrial realm. Here, we advocate for expanding such applications to the aquatic realm by providing a brief overview of these new approaches and outlining key areas in which culturomics and iEcology are likely to have the highest impact, including the management of protected areas; fisheries; flagship species identification; detection and distribution of threatened, rare, and alien species; assessment of ecosystem status and anthropogenic impacts; and social impact assessment. When deployed in the right context with awareness of potential biases, culturomics and iEcology are ripe for rapid development as low-cost research approaches based on data available from digital sources, with increasingly diverse applications for aquatic ecosystems, This work was supported by J. E. Purkyně Fellowship of the Czech Academy of Sciences (https://www.avcr.cz) (IJ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science and the University of Helsinki (https://www.helsinki.fi/en/helsinki-institute-of-sustainability-science) (RAC), EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme funding (project grant No. 677039) (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en) (ATS), European Regional Development Fund / European Social Fund (ERDF/ESF) funding (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007417) (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/; https://ec.europa.eu/esf/home.jsp) (ATS), Austrian Science Foundation FWF (grant I 3757-B29) (https://www.fwf.ac.at) (FE), EU and the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany, grant MV-I.18-LM-004, B 730117000069) (https://www.government-mv.de/Mecklenburg%E2%80%93Vorpommern) (RA), German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) (https://www.bmbf.de) with the grants 01LC1826D and 033W046A (RA) and the “GLANCE” project (Global Change Effects in River Ecosystems; 01 LN1320A) (SCJ, GK), Czech Science Foundation (grant 19-05510S) (https://gacr.cz) (KD), Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 406/19) (https://www.isf.org.il) (UR), Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013 (https://www.fct.pt) (RR), Norwegian Research Council (https://www.forskningsradet.no) (RJL), Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Juan de la Cierva Incorporación; grant IJC2018-035389-I) (http://www.ciencia.gob.es) (VS), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (grant 435-2018-1018) (https://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca) (YC), Nova Scotia Graduate Scholarship (https://www.dal.ca/faculty/gradstudies/funding/appprocres/scholarshiprefs/nsgs.html) (YC), grant NAKI II DG18P02OVV057 (https://starfos.tacr.cz) (LK), TACR ZÉTA project (No. TJ02000012 (https://starfos.tacr.cz) (MŠ), With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI), Peer reviewed

12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table.-- This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license, Forecasting of climate change impacts on marine aquaculture production has become a major research task, which requires taking into account the biases and uncertainties arising from ocean climate models in coastal areas, as well as considering culture management strategies. Focusing on the suspended mussel culture in the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system, we simulated current and future mussel growth by means of a multistructural net production Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model. We considered two scenarios and three ocean climate models to account for climate uncertainty, and applied a bias correction to the climate models in coastal areas. Our results show that the predicted impact of climate change on mussel growth is low compared with the role of the seeding time. However, the response of mussels varied across climate models, ranging from a minor growth decline to a moderate growth increase. Therefore, this work confirms that an accurate forecasting of climate change impacts on shellfish aquaculture should take into account the variability linked to both management strategies and climate uncertainty, This study has been funded by EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039), Peer reviewed

20 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Production of wedge clam (Donax trunculus) has experienced a widespread decrease. Environmental conditions have been postulated as an important agent though the effects on reproduction are poorly understood. We here review the reproductive cycle and evaluate the influence of environmental conditions in Galicia (NW Iberian coast). We further contrast the variability of reproductive traits across the distribution range. Reproductive individuals dominate size classes between 20 and 30 mm, and spawning spans from April to July with a subsequent inactive period from September onwards. Length at first maturity (L50) was established at 19 mm. Oocyte size was unrelated to shell size or gonad occupancy, and realized fecundity averaged 8 × 105 eggs per female. Environmental conditions had significant effects on the gonadosomatic index and flesh yield which were lower in less productive waters. Furthermore, the interannual proportion of fully mature individuals during the spawning period maximized at high and low levels of coastal upwelling and continental runoff, respectively. Across the distribution range, water temperature and chlorophyll concentration defined the geographical differences on reproductive traits with lower L50 and longer spawning period occurring in warmer waters and the central month of spawning taking place earlier in the year in more productive waters, This study has been funded by Consellería do Mar (Xunta de Galicia) through the projects PGIDIT-CIMA 13/08 and CIMA 16/06. X.A.A.S. acknowledges the support of the EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039), Peer reviewed

18 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.596797/full#supplementary-material.-- The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s, Eutrophication is one of the most important anthropogenic pressures impacting coastal seas. In Europe, several legislations and management measures have been implemented to halt nutrient overloading in marine ecosystems. This study evaluates the impact of freshwater nutrient control measures on higher trophic levels (HTL) in European marine ecosystems following descriptors and criteria as defined by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). We used a novel pan-European marine modeling ensemble of fourteen HTL models, covering almost all the EU seas, under two nutrient management scenarios. Results from our projections suggest that the proposed nutrient reduction measures may not have a significant impact on the structure and function of European marine ecosystems. Among the assessed criteria, the spawning stock biomass of commercially important fish stocks and the biomass of small pelagic fishes would be the most impacted, albeit with values lower than 2.5%. For the other criteria/indicators, such as species diversity and trophic level indicators, the impact was lower. The Black Sea and the North-East Atlantic were the most negatively impacted regions, while the Baltic Sea was the only region showing signs of improvement. Coastal and shelf areas were more sensitive to environmental changes than large regional and sub-regional ecosystems that also include open seas. This is the first pan-European multi-model comparison study used to assess the impacts of land-based measures on marine and coastal European ecosystems through a set of selected ecological indicators. Since anthropogenic pressures are expanding apace in the marine environment and policy makers need to use rapid and effective policy measures for fast-changing environments, this modeling framework is an essential asset in supporting and guiding EU policy needs and decisions, BM-K acknowledges funding from EU-H2020 project ClimeFish (grant agreement 677039), CL received support from the project CAMPUS funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and Defra (grant agreement NERC UK NE/RE007241/1). FM was funded by the SOMBEE project of the joint BiodivERsA and Belmont Forum call “BiodivScen 2018” (ANR-18-EBI4-0003-01). KD received support from the National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Gulf Research Program (Early Career Research Fellowship). MC acknowledges partial funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no 869300 (FutureMARES project). This work acknowledges institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Peer reviewed

11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Climate change is already impacting fisheries with species moving across fishing areas, crossing institutional borders, and thus creating conflicts over fisheries management. In this scenario, scholars agree that adaptation to climate change requires that fisheries increase their social, institutional, and ecological resilience. The resilience or capacity of a fishery to be maintained without shifting to a different state (e.g., collapse) is at stake under climate change impacts and overexploitation. Despite this urgent need, applying the resilience concept in a spatially explicit and quantitative manner to inform policy remains unexplored. We take a resilience approach and operationalize the concept in industrial fisheries for two species that have been observed to significantly shift distribution in European waters: hake (Merluccius merluccius) and cod (Gadus morhua), in the context of the European Union institutional settings. With a set of resilience factors from the literature and by means of contemporary and historic data, we select indicators that are combined into an index that measures resilience on the ecologic, socioeconomic, and institutional dimensions of the fishery. We find that the resilience index varies among species and countries, with lower resilience levels in the socioeconomic dimension of the fisheries. We also see that resilience largely depends on the overexploitation status of the fishery. The results highlight the need to address social and institutional settings to enhance fisheries adaptation to climate change and allow to inform on climate resilient adaptation pathways for the fisheries, This research is supported by the project CLOCK, under the European Horizon 2020 Program, ERC Starting Grant Agreement nº679812 funded by the European Research Council. E.O. thanks the Xunta the Galicia GAIN Oportunius programme and Consellería de Educación (Galicia, Spain) for additional financial support. I.F.-S. was funded by EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039). J.B.-P. was funded by EU H2020 (FutureMARES, contract no. 869300), Peer reviewed

1 file.-- The file includes metadata indicating units, the position of the selected stations and the origin of the data, File containing time series of daily values of coastal winds, upwelling index (offshore Ekman transport), continental runoff, solar irradiance and sea surface temperature for selected sites in the NW Galician coast (NW Spain). These data can be freely downloaded from the web sites of the Galician Meteorological Agency MeteoGalicia (http://www.meteogalicia.es), the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (http://www.indicedeafloramiento.ieo.es) and ICOADS (http://icoads.noaa.gov). We just put them together in a single file, European Commission: ClimeFish - Co-creating a decision support framework to ensure sustainable fish production in Europe under climate change (677039), No

1 file, Flesh yield of commercial mussels cultured in the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (A Coruña, NW Spain). The flesh yield is calculated as the percentage of the total weight of 1 kg of live mussels > 50 mm collected in a mussel raft that is meat weight after opening the valves with water vapour.

Flesh yield data have been aggregated monthly and the seasonal cycle of each year has been adjusted to the following harmonic function:

FY (%) = A1 + A2* cosine (2*Pi*t/12 + A3)

where A1 is the seasonal average value of FY, A2 is half the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of FY; and A3 is the month of the year when FY is halfway between the seasonal minimum and the seasonal maximum.

The values of A1, A2 and A3 for years 2002 to 2012 are reported for the two mussel cultivation areas of the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (Arnela and Lorbé)

These data have been published in X.A. Álvarez-Salgado, U. Labarta, V. Vinseiro and M.J. Fernández Reiriz (2017). Environmental drivers of mussels flesh yield in a coastal upwelling system. Ecological Indicators 79, 323-329., EU H2020 project ClimeFish (EU 677039), PROINSA-CSIC contract (CSIC0704101100001), and CSIC project (PIE 201540E107), No