7 páginas, 1 figura y 3 tablas., Antioxidant activity (AA) of black maize kernels attributed mainly to polyphenols has potential effects on health and possible defense functions against pests. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of maize polyphenols and AA in survival and growth of larvae of the corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides. We carried out two bioassays with S. nonagrioides larvae grown in artificial diet with white and black maize flour and control. AA was tested spectrophotometrically on each of the diets using four methods. The different measurements of AA were strongly correlated, indicating that these measurements were highly reliable. The control diet, the whitemaize-diet and black-maize-diet with vitamin C and without H2 O2 had the highest antioxidant activity. The processing of the maize flour altered the AA of the polyphenols. The control treatment had the highest AA, and vitamin C had stronger AA than polyphenols. AA of vitamin C hides that of polyphenols probably due to environmental effects, dilution of polyphenols, or interactions with other substances. Larvae grew more in the control diet and the addition of H2 O2 had not significant effects on weight. There was a weak rank
correlation between AA and larval weight. Mortality was lowest for the control diet with or without H2
O2 followed by white maize with or without H2 O2 and black maize without H2 O2 Effects of polyphenols depend on other substances that might interact with them. The results indicate that antioxidant activity has insecticide effects on young larvae and, as the larvae grow, antioxidants have positive effects on larvae., Cofounded by the Spanish National Plan for Research and Development, and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (grants AGL2013-48852-C3-1-R and AGL2016-77628-R)., Peer reviewed

4 páginas, 1 figura y 1 tabla.- Trabajo presentado en el IX Congreso de Mejora Genética de Plantas celebrado en Murcia entre el 18 y el 20 de septiembre de 2018., Las plantas stay Green (SG) retienen las hojas verdes más tiempo después la floración que las no-stay green (NSG); esto puede prolongar la tasa fotosintética y aumentar el rendimiento. En seis líneas puras de maíz (Zea mays L.), dos SG (PHP38 y PHW79) y cuatro NSG (B73, NC292, PHM10 y PHT11), se evaluaron parámetros fisiológicos y agronómicos, como la tasa fotosintética, la concentración de clorofila, rendimiento de grano y biomasa. Las líneas SG tuvieron valores más altos de tasa fotosintética y clorofila, caracteres que se mantuvieron por más tiempo en comparación a las líneas NSG. Las líneas SG también presentaron mayor rendimiento de biomasa y de grano, así como mayor humedad del grano y biomasa que las NSG. De estos datos podemos concluir que las líneas PHP38 y PHW79 mostraron características de stay Green funcional, que se traduce en mayor rendimiento de grano y biomasa frente a las líneas NSG., Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Plan Nacional de I+D+i y FEDER (AGL2016-77628-R)., Peer reviewed

4 páginas, 1 tabla.- Trabajo presentado en el IX Congreso de Mejora Genética de Plantas celebrado en Murcia entre el 18 y el 20 de septiembre de 2018., La definición de patrones heteróticos es crucial para capitalizar las poblaciones locales argelinas de maíz (Zea mays L.) como fuentes de tolerancia a la sequía en mejora genética. En este trabajo cruzamos seis poblaciones del Sahara en un dialelo y también las cruzamos con tres poblaciones representativas de los patrones heteróticos templados. Encontramos efectos varietales significativos para vigor temprano, floración y rendimiento. Existe una gran diversidad genética entre poblaciones de maíz argelino y entre el maíz argelino y el del Corn Belt de EEUU y el europeo. Estas poblaciones, particularmente AOR, IGS e IZM, pueden ser mejoradas con programas inter o intra-poblacionales o usadas para la obtención de líneas puras tolerantes a la sequía., Investigación financiada por École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Argel y
el Plan Nacional de I+D español y FEDER (AGL2016-77628-R). A. Djemel agradece un
contrato Juan De La Cierva-2014 del gobierno español., Peer reviewed

Maize is used in bakery and gluten free food for celiac patients. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of maize mutants with high-amylopectin (waxy1) or quality protein (opaque2) in dough bread by using near-isogenic maize hybrids for waxy1 (wx1) and opaque2 (o2). Differences between wx1 and its wild type allele (Wx1) were significant more often than for o2. Agronomic performance was low for o2 and fair for wx1 hybrids. Among the meal traits, wx1decreased flotation, onset pasting temperature, maximum and final viscosity, trough, breakdown, total set back, and area under the apparent viscosity curve, and increased water binding capacity. Concerning bread traits, o2 had no significant mean effects, while wx1 increased reddish crumb color, retarded recovery elasticity and cohesiveness, and reduced hardness, chewiness and instant recovery speed. Therefore, we can use waxy maize for improving maize bread quality, and the choice of the maize genotype could significantly affect the final results., Research supported by the Spanish Plan for Research and Development (project codes AGL2016-77628-R and AGL2014-52928-C2-1-R), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), and the European Regional Development Fund(FEDER)., Peer reviewed

© 2020 by the authors., In this review, we present a comprehensive revisit of past research and advances developed on the stay-green (SG) paradigm. The study aims to provide an application-focused review of the SG phenotypes as crop residuals for bioenergy. Little is known about the SG trait as a germplasm enhancer resource for energy storage as a system for alternative energy. Initially described as a single locus recessive trait, SG was shortly after reported as a quantitative trait governed by complex physiological and metabolic networks including chlorophyll efficiency, nitrogen contents, nutrient remobilization and source-sink balance. Together with the fact that phenotyping efforts have improved rapidly in the last decade, new approaches based on sensing technologies have had an impact in SG identification. Since SG is linked to delayed senescence, we present a review of the term senescence applied to crop residuals and bioenergy. Firstly, we discuss the idiosyncrasy of senescence. Secondly, we present biological processes that determine the fate of senescence. Thirdly, we present the genetics underlying SG for crop-trait improvement in different crops. Further, this review explores the potential uses of senescence for bioenergy crops. Finally, we discuss how high-throughput phenotyping methods assist new technologies such as genomic selection in a cost-efficient manner., Part of this research was funded by the Spanish Plan for Research and Development (AGL2016-77628-R) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)., Peer reviewed

© 2020 by the authors., Maize (Zea mays L.) from the Algerian Sahara was adapted to arid conditions and has been used for food and feed. The objective of this work was to assess the potential value of Saharan maize for saccharification and nutritive value under drought conditions. Eighteen maize populations from the Algerian Sahara were evaluated under drought and control conditions and representative samples of those populations were taken for nutrients and saccharification analyses. The evaluation of saccharification was made in one Spanish trial under drought and control conditions. Differences among Algerian populations for nutritive value were significant for starch and ash, but not for lipids and proteins. Drought-reduced saccharification yield and differences among populations were significant for saccharification potential under drought conditions, and for saccharification yield under both drought and control conditions. The Algerian populations PI527465 and PI542689 had high grain starch and low ash, PI527469 and PI527474 had a balanced nutritional value, and PI527475 and PI542683 had low grain starch and moderately high ash. Besides high nutritional value, the drought-tolerant population PI542683 had high saccharification under drought conditions. Most agronomic traits had no significant effects on saccharification, and some grain nutrients affected saccharification and agronomic performance. Therefore, improving the nutritive value of grain and saccharification of stover, while maintaining agronomic performance, could be feasible, attending to the weak interactions between them., This work was financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER), UE (project code AGL2016-77628-R and RTI2018–096776-B-C22), and the École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (Algeria)., Peer reviewed

Understanding how biological systems evolve across changing conditions has been a crucial focus of research. Mutations change the genetic context in which genes are expressed and yet the mechanisms underlying mutation fitness are still unclear. We use the sweet corn mutant sugary1 (su1) as a model for understanding the genetic regulation of mutant fitness, focusing on the mutant × genotype interaction across diverse environments. In a previous work, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting fitness in a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between field corn (B73) × sweet corn (P39 or IL14h) parents; however, the epistatic effects of these QTLs on su1 fitness were not investigated. In the present study, we estimated fitness for two seed production environments. Viability of su1 is under genetic and environmental controls, regulated by multiple genes with minor contributions, and these genes depend on the genotype into which the mutation is introduced and on the environment. Some QTLs were in linkage disequilibrium with the maize gene Su1 and had epistatic effects on su1 fitness. These QTLs could be used by sweet corn breeders by combining the most favorable alleles associated with su1 viability in breeding new genotypes from field × sweet corn crosses. These results also have implications for mutagenesis breeding or genome editing because the epistatic effects of the target genome on the new alleles generated by these techniques could affect the success of the breeding program., This work was supported by the Spanish Plan for
Research and Development (grant number AGL2016-77628-R);
FEDER (grant number AGL2016-77628-R); and the College of
Agricultural and Life Sciences (University of WisconsinMadison)., Peer reviewed

Breeding for cold tolerance in maize is an important objective in temperate areas. The objective was to carry out a highly efficient study of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cold tolerance in maize. We evaluated 406 recombinant inbred lines from a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population in a growth chamber under cold and control conditions, and in the field at early and normal sowing. We recorded cold tolerance-related traits, including the number of days from sowing to emergence, chlorophyll content and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (F/F). Association mapping was based on genotyping with near one million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We found 858 SNPs significantly associated with all traits, most of them under cold conditions and early sowing. Most QTLs were associated with chlorophyll and F/F. Many candidate genes coincided between the current research and previous reports. These results suggest that (1) the MAGIC population is an efficient tool for identifying QTLs for cold tolerance; (2) most QTLs for cold tolerance were associated with F/F; (3) most of these QTLs were located in specific genomic regions, particularly bin 10.04; (4) the current study allows genetically improving cold tolerance with genome-wide selection., This research was supported by the Spanish Plan
for Research and Development (AGL2016-77628-R) and funded in part
by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The genotypic
data were provided by the Biotechnological Institute of the Cornell
University USA). Q Yi acknowledges a grant from the China Scholarship Council (CSC)., Peer reviewed

11 páginas, 3 tablas, 1 figura, The improvement of maize double cropping has become increasingly important in recent years. In order to establish breeding programs for sustainable maize production, the goals of the research were (i) to understand the correlations between grain and stover yield and saccharification efficiency, and (ii) to identify QTL and metabolic pathways to design of breeding programs in a double exploitation approach. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a metabolic pathway analysis using a panel of highly diverse maize inbreds. As results, we have obtained that the regulation of energetic and developmental pathways have been pointed out as key pathways related to stover quantity and utilization, while no specific pathways could be identified in relation to grain yield. However, due to the moderate high heritability of yields and their positive correlation a phenotypic selection approach would be adequate for the improvement of both yields, while for saccharification efficiency improvement upcoming genomic selection models are more advisable. Overall, breeding strategies that manage the dual use of maize are viable and will contribute to a more sustainable maize crop in the near future., This research was funded by subsequent coordinated projects financed by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE (RTI2018-096776-B-C21, RTI2018-096776-B-C22, PID2021-122196OB-C21 and PID2021-122196OBC22) and the project funded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE (AGL2016-77628-R), Peer reviewed

13 páginas, 7 figuras, 3 tablas, The stay-green (SG) or delayed leaf senescence enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthetic capacity for a longer time after flowering. It is considered an important trait in maize breeding, which has contributed to gain in grain yield of modern varieties. It has been also used to improve the tolerance to drought and deficiencies in nitrogen fertilization (NF).However, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of water irrigation (WI), NF, and plant density (PD) on SG and the effect of SG on agronomic traits in maize. Four SG lines and four non¿stay-green (NSG) lines were evaluated in four contrasting environments under two WI, three NF, and two PD levels. As expected, the chlorophyll content of leaves at 45 days after flowering (Chlo45) was, on average, higher in the SG group of lines. The difference in Chlo45 between the SG and NSG genotypes was consistent across WI, NF, and PD and the environments. This is indicative that internal or developmental factors were more important than external signals in controlling the senescence. The effect of SG increasing thousand-kernel weight, stover yield at harvest, or moisture was not influenced by WI, NF, or PD but was altered by the background environment. Our results have implications for the application of SG as a secondary trait for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Future studies could consider a wider range of environmental conditions to assess the performance of SG traits under different climatic and soil conditions, The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the project AGL2016-77628-R, Spain; and IN 607A – Grupos de referencia competitiva (GRC) Xunta de Galicia, Spain.

10 páginas, 3 tablas, 2 figuras
The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07467., Hydroxycinnamates, like ferulate (FA) and p-coumarate (pCA), are important components of maize cell walls, which influence pest resistance, ruminal digestibility, and biofuel production. Increasing their concentration has been linked to increased pest resistance, but also may lead to a decrease in nutritional value or bioethanol production efficiency. Therefore, improving forage quality or biofuel production without compromising plant resistance and a thorough understanding of the biosynthesis and deposition of these compounds is necessary, especially in stover, which is the feedstock for second-generation biofuel production and determines animal forage quality. This study aimed to identify genomic regions associated with hydroxycinnamates and to develop genomic prediction models to determine the best selection approach to modify hydroxycinnamate content. Although heritability estimates for hydroxycinnamates were moderate, direct phenotypic selection is discouraged because hydroxycinnamate quantification is laborious and time-consuming. Negative genotypic correlations were observed between animal digestibility and pCA content and positive with diferulates content, suggesting differing effects compared to previous studies on maize pith. However, no colocalizations with digestibility QTLs were found, highlighting the need for further research. Given the moderate predictive capacity of GBLUP prediction models, genotypic selection is proposed as the most promising alternative for modifying hydroxycinnamate content., This research was funded by subsequent coordinated projects financed by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE (RTI2018-096776-B-C21, RTI2018-096776-B-C22, PID2021-122196OB-C21,and PID2021-122196OB-C22) and the project funded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE (AGL2016-77628-R)., Peer reviewed

Data Sheet 1 and table 1, The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1399072/full#supplementary-material, This research was funded by the project AGL2016-77628-R, Spain; and IN 607A – Grupos de referencia competitiva (GRC) Xunta de Galicia, Spain., Data Sheet 1: Supplementary Figure 1,2,3,4 and 5; Table 1: Supplementary Table 1, 2,3 and 4., Peer reviewed

The bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus is one of the major storage pests of dry bean. Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) is a great source of resistance against A. obtectus to improve dry bean production. We developed two F populations of Phaseolus spp. by crossing bean genotypes resistant to A. obtectus × susceptible, to (1) search for metabolites related to bean weevil resistance using an untargeted metabolomics approach and (2) understand the genetics of resistance to A. obtectus attack using the number of adults emerged from seeds as resistance criteria. The segregation of the number of adults emerged from seeds showed that the genetics of resistance (0 emerged adults = resistant, 1 or more emerged adults = susceptible) was controlled by a single dominant gene in two (resistant × susceptible) F populations. From nine metabolites detected, pipecolic acid concentration was significantly higher in the testa of resistant individuals than in the testa of susceptible individuals. From a breeding point of view, (P. Saltillo × T. amarillo) F is of special interest because it is derived from a cultivated tepary × cultivated common bean cross and showed 3:1 resistant vs susceptible segregation. Therefore, this F is a suitable base material for breeding programmes to obtain new bean lines with good agronomic performance, seed quality and resistance to insect attack. Pipecolic acid plays a role in resistance against A. obtectus., This research was funded by the Plan Estatal de Ciencia y Tecnología de España within the projects AGL2015-67313-C2-1-R and AGL2016-77628-R funded in part by the European Regional Development Fund.

16 páginas, 6 figuras, 7 tablas; The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study, data corresponding to the genotypic databases at V5 corresponding to the two evaluated populations: diversity panel and a multiparent advanced generation inter‐cross (MAGIC) population are available in the digital CSIC repository: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/390026., Genomic selection allows the prediction of genetic values using SNP markers distributed across the genome. Its effectiveness depends on factors such as trait heritability, genetic similarity between training and validation sets, and population structure. Although results in homogeneous populations have been promising, its application in diverse germplasm remains a challenge. This study evaluates the predictive capacity of genomic best linear unbiased prediction models applied to agronomic and biochemical-structural traits related to stover quality in two maize populations: a diversity panel and a multiparental advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population. Higher heritability was observed in the panel, especially for flowering traits (h ≥ 0.88), with high intra-population predictive abilities (PA = 0.15–0.75) for most traits, compared to MAGIC (PA = 0.14–0.37). However, when applying the models from one population to another (cross-population prediction), the predictive ability was drastically reduced for most traits (PA < 0.05), possibly due to differences in allele frequencies and phases of linkage disequilibrium. Combining both populations in a single training set did not improve prediction (PA = 0.13–0.74) and even reduced it in some cases. These results indicate that genetic heterogeneity and differences in linkage disequilibrium between populations compromise the stability of marker effects. Therefore, it is critical to optimize the training set composition by considering genetic relatedness and population structure to improve the efficiency of genomic selection in diverse germplasm., ANR; MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE, Grant/Award Numbers: AGL2016-77628-R, PID2021-122196OB-C22, RTI2018-096776-B-C21, RTI2018-096776-B-C22, PID2024-157743OB-I00

Introduction: The stay-green (SG) or delayed leaf senescence enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthetic capacity for a longer time after flowering. It is considered an important trait in maize breeding, which has contributed to gain in grain yield of modern varieties. It has been also used to improve the tolerance to drought and deficiencies in nitrogen fertilization (NF). However, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of water irrigation (WI), NF, and plant density (PD) on SG and the effect of SG on agronomic traits in maize.

Methods: Four SG lines and four non–stay-green (NSG) lines were evaluated in four contrasting environments under two WI, three NF, and two PD levels.

Results and discussion: As expected, the chlorophyll content of leaves at 45 days after flowering (Chlo45) was, on average, higher in the SG group of lines. The difference in Chlo45 between the SG and NSG genotypes was consistent across WI, NF, and PD and the environments. This is indicative that internal or developmental factors were more important than external signals in controlling the senescence. The effect of SG increasing thousand-kernel weight, stover yield at harvest, or moisture was not influenced by WI, NF, or PD but was altered by the background environment. Our results have implications for the application of SG as a secondary trait for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Future studies could consider a wider range of environmental conditions to assess the performance of SG traits under different climatic and soil conditions., The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the project AGL2016-77628-R, Spain; and IN 607A – Grupos de referencia competitiva (GRC) Xunta de Galicia, Spain., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: The stay-green (SG) or delayed leaf senescence enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthetic capacity for a longer time after flowering. It is considered an important trait in maize breeding, which has contributed to gain in grain yield of modern varieties. It has been also used to improve the tolerance to drought and deficiencies in nitrogen fertilization (NF). However, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of water irrigation (WI), NF, and plant density (PD) on SG and the effect of SG on agronomic traits in maize.

Methods: Four SG lines and four non–stay-green (NSG) lines were evaluated in four contrasting environments under two WI, three NF, and two PD levels.

Results and discussion: As expected, the chlorophyll content of leaves at 45 days after flowering (Chlo45) was, on average, higher in the SG group of lines. The difference in Chlo45 between the SG and NSG genotypes was consistent across WI, NF, and PD and the environments. This is indicative that internal or developmental factors were more important than external signals in controlling the senescence. The effect of SG increasing thousand-kernel weight, stover yield at harvest, or moisture was not influenced by WI, NF, or PD but was altered by the background environment. Our results have implications for the application of SG as a secondary trait for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Future studies could consider a wider range of environmental conditions to assess the performance of SG traits under different climatic and soil conditions., The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the project AGL2016-77628-R, Spain; and IN 607A – Grupos de referencia competitiva (GRC) Xunta de Galicia, Spain., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: The stay-green (SG) or delayed leaf senescence enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthetic capacity for a longer time after flowering. It is considered an important trait in maize breeding, which has contributed to gain in grain yield of modern varieties. It has been also used to improve the tolerance to drought and deficiencies in nitrogen fertilization (NF). However, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of water irrigation (WI), NF, and plant density (PD) on SG and the effect of SG on agronomic traits in maize.

Methods: Four SG lines and four non–stay-green (NSG) lines were evaluated in four contrasting environments under two WI, three NF, and two PD levels.

Results and discussion: As expected, the chlorophyll content of leaves at 45 days after flowering (Chlo45) was, on average, higher in the SG group of lines. The difference in Chlo45 between the SG and NSG genotypes was consistent across WI, NF, and PD and the environments. This is indicative that internal or developmental factors were more important than external signals in controlling the senescence. The effect of SG increasing thousand-kernel weight, stover yield at harvest, or moisture was not influenced by WI, NF, or PD but was altered by the background environment. Our results have implications for the application of SG as a secondary trait for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Future studies could consider a wider range of environmental conditions to assess the performance of SG traits under different climatic and soil conditions., Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. AGL2016-77628-R, Xunta de Galicia | Ref. IN 607A

Maize (Zea mays L.) from the Algerian Sahara was adapted to arid conditions and has been used for food and feed. The objective of this work was to assess the potential value of Saharan maize for saccharification and nutritive value under drought conditions. Eighteen maize populations from the Algerian Sahara were evaluated under drought and control conditions and representative samples of those populations were taken for nutrients and saccharification analyses. The evaluation of saccharification was made in one Spanish trial under drought and control conditions. Differences among Algerian populations for nutritive value were significant for starch and ash, but not for lipids and proteins. Drought-reduced saccharification yield and differences among populations were significant for saccharification potential under drought conditions, and for saccharification yield under both drought and control conditions. The Algerian populations PI527465 and PI542689 had high grain starch and low ash, PI527469 and PI527474 had a balanced nutritional value, and PI527475 and PI542683 had low grain starch and moderately high ash. Besides high nutritional value, the drought-tolerant population PI542683 had high saccharification under drought conditions. Most agronomic traits had no significant effects on saccharification, and some grain nutrients affected saccharification and agronomic performance. Therefore, improving the nutritive value of grain and saccharification of stover, while maintaining agronomic performance, could be feasible, attending to the weak interactions between them., Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. AGL2016-77628-R, Ministerio de Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RTI2018–096776-B-C22

The improvement of maize double cropping has become increasingly important in recent years. In order to establish breeding programs for sustainable maize production, the goals of the research were (i) to understand the correlations between grain and stover yield and saccharification efficiency, and (ii) to identify QTL and metabolic pathways to design of breeding programs in a double exploitation approach. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a metabolic pathway analysis using a panel of highly diverse maize inbreds. As results, we have obtained that the regulation of energetic and developmental pathways have been pointed out as key pathways related to stover quantity and utilization, while no specific pathways could be identified in relation to grain yield. However, due to the moderate high heritability of yields and their positive correlation a phenotypic selection approach would be adequate for the improvement of both yields, while for saccharification efficiency improvement upcoming genomic selection models are more advisable. Overall, breeding strategies that manage the dual use of maize are viable and will contribute to a more sustainable maize crop in the near future., Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-096776-B-C21, Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-096776-B-C22, Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-122196OB-C21, Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-122196OB-C22, Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. AGL2016-77628-R