BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

14 Pags.- Figs.- Fots. Copia de la presentación expuesta (Comunicación oral) por la primera autora en el II Spanish Symposium on Cereal Physiology and Breeding of Cereals. Este simposio fue organizado por el Rectorado de la Universidad de Córdoba (UCO) como parte de las actividades de la Red de Excelencia científica «Fisiología del Rendimiento y Calidad para la Mejora de Cereales» (FiRCMe). http://sefimec.csic.es/ Under Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)., The Spanish Barley Core Collection (SBCC) presents a wide range of adaptation traits to Mediterranean environments. Some of the SBCC lines have shown good performance in low productivity sites and, thus, they could be good candidates to introgress drought adaptation to commercial cultivars. To that purpose, two backcross populations (BC2F5) were developed using two SBCC landraces (SBCC042 and SBCC073) as donor parents and the elite cultivar Cierzo as recurrent parent. Genotyping of 264 lines of each backcross was carried out using the Barley Illumina iSelect 50k SNPchip, which provided a good genome coverage for both populations. We carried out three years of field trials, in Zaragoza (Spain), the last one of them used for QTL validation. The use of two distinct populations led us to find interesting hotspots. Among them, QTL for test weight and kernel weight open the possibility of exploiting the Spanish landraces as source of variability for agronomic and quality traits.
On chromosome 1H, we found a region in 503 – 526 Mb, which involved flowering time, kernel weight and test weight, co-locating with the locus Thresh-1 (threshability1) and an arabinoxylan content QTL2. In addition, a plant height and kernel weight QTL on 5H coincided with a region for grain plumpness reported in the literature3. Another important region was found on 6H, related with yield and quality traits. The confidence interval of this hotspot covered a long extension of the chromosome, overlapping yield, height and kernel weight. For this QTL region, lower productivity was concurrent with taller plants and heavier kernels, all contributed by the landrace allele. Strategies to use the QTL found for breeding and pre-breeding purposes will be discussed., This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness grants AGL2013-48756-R, AGL2016-80967-R, RFP2012-00015-00-00, RFP2015 00006-00-00, and RTA2012-00033-C03-02. AM was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness grant no. BES-2014-069266 (linked to project AGL2013-48756-R)., Peer reviewed

17 Pags.- 3 Figs.- 2 Tabls. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license., Early vigor has been proposed as a favorable trait for cereals grown in drought-prone
environments. This research aimed at characterizing early stage shoot and root growth of three
Spanish barley landraces compared with three modern cultivars. Genotypes were grown in an
automated phenotyping platform, GrowScreen-Rhizo, under well-watered and drought conditions.
Seminal and lateral root length, root system width and depth were recorded automatically during
the experiment. Drought induced greater growth reduction in shoots (43% dry weight reduction)
than in roots (23% dry weight). Genotypic differences were larger under no stress, partly due to a
more profuse growth of landraces in this treatment. Accession SBCC146 was the most vigorous for
shoot growth, whereas SBCC073 diverted more assimilates to root growth. Among cultivars, Cierzo
was the most vigorous one and Scarlett had the least root dry weight of all genotypes, under both
conditions. Root growth was redirected to lateral roots when seminal roots could not progress further
in dry soil. This study reveals the presence of genetic diversity in dynamics of early growth of barley.
The different patterns of growth observed for SBCC073 and SBCC146 should be explored further, to
test if they affect field performance of barley in drought-prone environments., This research was supported by the Transnational Access capacities of the European Plant Phenotyping
Network (EPPN, grant agreement no. 284443) funded by the FP7 Research Infrastructure Programme of the
European Union, and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Competitiveness (MINECO, including FEDER
funds) projects AGL2013-487656-R, AGL2016-80967-R and and RFP2012 00015-00-00. RB was supported by a
scholarship from CIHEAM, and from a travel grant (Chercheurs en formation a l’étranger) from the Ministry of
Higher Education and Scientific Research of Algeria., Peer reviewed

© 2020 by the authors., Seminal roots are known to play an important role in crop performance, particularly under drought conditions. A set of 37 durum wheat cultivars and local landraces was screened for variation in architecture and size of seminal roots using a laboratory setting, with a filter paper method combined with image processing by SmartRoot software. Significant genetic variability was detected for all root and shoot traits assessed. Four rooting patterns were identified, with landraces showing overall steeper angle and higher root length, in comparison with cultivars, which presented a wider root angle and shorter root length. Some traits revealed trends dependent on the genotypes’ year of release, like increased seminal root angle and reduced root size (length, surface, and volume) over time. We confirm the presence of a remarkable diversity of root traits in durum wheat whose relationship with adult root features and agronomic performance should be explored., This study was funded by University of Alcalá Project CCGP2017-EXP/007. E.I. and A.M.C. acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Project AGL2016–80967-R), and the European Regional Development Fund., Peer reviewed

3 Pags.- 2 Figs. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Dixon et al. (2020) report a novel role for the TB1 transcription factor gene in wheat, controlling plant height. This gene and its orthologues have long been known to affect branching in a number of crops and plant species. Its involvement in the determination of plant height opens up new avenues for the modification of this key trait, which affects multiple agronomic aspects of annual crops, from emergence to harvest index., The authors receive strategic funding from the Government of Aragón,
research group A08-17R, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
[AGL2016-80967-R], the UK Biosciences and Biotechnology Research
Council [BB/P016855/1], the National Sciences Foundation [1127112],
and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory., Peer reviewed

31 Pags.- 4 Figs.- 6 Tabls. © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made., The optimization of phenology is a major goal of plant breeding addressing the production of high-yielding varieties adapted to changing climatic conditions. Flowering time in cereals is regulated by genetic networks that respond predominately to day length and temperature. Allelic diversity at these genes is at the basis of barley wide adaptation. Detailed knowledge of their effects, and genetic and environmental interactions will facilitate plant breeders manipulating flowering time in cereal germplasm enhancement, by exploiting appropriate gene combinations. This review describes a catalogue of alleles found in QTL studies by barley geneticists, corresponding to the genetic diversity at major flowering time genes, the main drivers of barley phenological adaptation: VRN-H1 (HvBM5A), VRN-H2 (HvZCCTa-c), VRN-H3 (HvFT1), PPD-H1 (HvPRR37), PPD-H2 (HvFT3), and eam6/eps2 (HvCEN). For each gene, allelic series, size and direction of QTL effects, interactions between genes and with the environment are presented. Pleiotropic effects on agronomically important traits such as grain yield are also discussed. The review includes brief comments on additional genes with large effects on phenology that became relevant in modern barley breeding. The parallelisms between flowering time allelic variation between the two most cultivated Triticeae species (barley and wheat) are also outlined. This work is mostly based on previously published data, although we added some new data and hypothesis supported by a number of studies. This review shows the wide variety of allelic effects that provide enormous plasticity in barley flowering behavior, which opens new avenues to breeders for fine-tuning phenology of the barley crop., This research was supported by the contract “Iberia region hybrid barley variety development and understanding effects of adaptation genes in hybrids”, between CSIC and Syngenta Crop Protection AG, which included funding for MFC PhD scholarship, and by grants AGL2016-80967-R and PID2019-111621RB-I00 (Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain), SUSCROP ERA-NET project BARISTA, PCI2019-103758, and the Government of Aragón (group A08_20R)., Peer reviewed

11 Pags.- 3 Figs.- 3 Tabls. © 2021 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license, Response to vernalization and photoperiod are the main determinants controlling the time to flowering in temperate cereals. While the individual genes that determine a plant’s response to these environmental signals are well characterized, the combinatorial effect on flowering time of allelic variants for multiple genes remains unresolved. This study investigated the genetic control of flowering-time in a biparental population of spring barley, derived from a wide cross between a late-flowering European and an early-flowering North-American cultivar. While the major flowering time genes are not segregating in the Beka × Logan cross, large variation in flowering was observed. We identified five QTL, with both parents found to contribute early alleles. The catalog of QTL discovered aligns with several candidate genes affecting flowering time in barley. The combination of particular alleles at HvCEN, HvELF3 and HvFT1 in Logan are responsible for the earliness of this cultivar. Interestingly, earliness for flowering could be further enhanced, with Beka found to contribute three early alleles, including a QTL co-locating with a HvFD-like gene, suggesting that there are diverse aspects of the flowering-time pathway that have been manipulated in these two cultivars. Epistatic interactions between flowering-time QTL or candidate genes were observed in field data and confirmed under controlled conditions. The results of this study link photoperiod-dependent flowering-time genes with earliness per se genes into a single model, thus providing a unique framework that can be used by geneticists and breeders to optimize flowering time in barley., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant numbers AGL2010-21929 and AGL2013-48756-R), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and the European Regional Development Fund (grant number AGL2016–80967-R), and Government of Aragon (Research Group A08_20R)., Peer reviewed

[EN] This Excel file contains the raw data of the experiment reported in the article “Responses of Barley to High Ambient Temperature Are Modulated by Vernalization”, published in Frontiers in Plant Science, and referenced as Supplementary Table 7. Data are phenological development variables and yield-related variables for eight genotypes of barley grown in growth chambers, under four treatments combining presence/absence of vernalization and normal/high temperatures == [ES] Archivo excel con los datos de un experimento incluido en la publicación Ochagavía et al., en Frontiers in Plant Science. La primera hoja contiene la explicación de los datos, recogidos en la segunda hoja del archivo., Raw data (Supplementary Table 7) of article by Ochagavía et al., published in Frontiers in Plant Science., Funding of this research was provided was provided by
project AGL2016-80967-R (Agencia Estatal de Investigación,
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), project PID2019-
111621RB-I00 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación), grants
A08_17R and A08_20R (Government of Aragón), and project
GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00029 (Economic Development Programs
of the Hungarian Ministry of Finance)., Peer reviewed

14 Pág., Light quality influence on barley development is poorly understood. We exposed three barley genotypes with either sensitive or insensitive response to two light sources producing different light spectra, fluorescent bulbs, and metal halide lamps, keeping constant light intensity, duration, and temperature. Through RNA-seq, we identified the main genes and pathways involved in the genotypic responses. A first analysis identified genotypic differences in gene expression of development-related genes, including photoreceptors and flowering time genes. Genes from the vernalization pathway of light quality-sensitive genotypes were affected by fluorescent light. In particular, vernalization-related repressors reacted differently: HvVRN2 did not experience relevant changes, whereas HvOS2 expression increased under fluorescent light. To identify the genes primarily related to light quality responses, and avoid the confounding effect of plant developmental stage, genes influenced by development were masked in a second analysis. Quantitative expression levels of PPD-H1, which influenced HvVRN1 and HvFT1, explained genotypic differences in development. Upstream mechanisms (light signaling and circadian clock) were also altered, but no specific genes linking photoreceptors and the photoperiod pathway were identified. The variety of light-quality sensitivities reveals the presence of possible mechanisms of adaptation of winter and facultative barley to latitudinal variation in light quality, which deserves further research., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects AGL2013-48756-R, including scholarship BES-2014-069266, granted to AM, and AGL2016-80967-R), Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-111621RB-I00), and Department of Innovation, Research and Universities of the Government of Aragon (A08-20R). The contribution of the Hungarian partners was funded by a research grant from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH-FK-134234) and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of TK from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (BO/00396/21/4), Peer reviewed

The dataset contains 1) bibliographic data from all published literature on genetic association (GWAS) in barley; 2) methodological data on procedures of analysis, traits analyzed, size of genotypic and molecular marker panels; 3) marker and trait information, including genome position (physical and genetic), extracted by the authors from the articles and from the barley reference genome sequence. The set of 144 articles were downloaded from the Web of Science and Scopus databases using appropriate keywords, and selected after inspection by the authors., © The Authors. Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)., Dataset summarizing procedures and main findings of all studies to date devoted to genome-wide association studies in barley., Funding from grant “Descubrimiento y aplicación de QTL, genes y caracteres para la mejora genética de la cebada. Mecanismos de adaptación al clima”. Funding agency: MINECO, AGL2016-80967-R, Plan Nacional I+D+I (Ciencias Agrarias). Ernesto Igartua Arregui – Ana Mª Casas Cendoya., Peer reviewed

[Background] In winter barley plants, vernalization and photoperiod cues have to be integrated to promote flowering. Plant development and expression of different flowering promoter (HvVRN1, HvCO2, PPD-H1, HvFT1, HvFT3) and repressor (HvVRN2, HvCO9 and HvOS2) genes were evaluated in two winter barley varieties under: (1) natural increasing photoperiod, without vernalization, and (2) under short day conditions in three insufficient vernalization treatments. These challenging conditions were chosen to capture non-optimal and natural responses, representative of those experienced in the Mediterranean area., [Results] In absence of vernalization and under increasing photoperiods, HvVRN2 expression increased with day-length, mainly between 12 and 13 h photoperiods in our latitudes. The flowering promoter gene in short days, HvFT3, was only expressed after receiving induction of cold or plant age, which was associated with low transcript levels of HvVRN2 and HvOS2. Under the sub-optimal conditions here described, great differences in development were found between the two winter barley varieties used in the study. Delayed development in ‘Barberousse’ was associated with increased expression levels of HvOS2. Novel variation for HvCO9 and HvOS2 is reported and might explain such differences., [Conclusions] The balance between the expression of flowering promoters and repressor genes regulates the promotion towards flowering or the maintenance of the vegetative state. HvOS2, an ortholog of FLC, appears as a strong candidate to mediate in the vernalization response of barley. Natural variation found would help to exploit the plasticity in development to obtain better-adapted varieties for current and future climate conditions., Study financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Projects AGL2013–48756-R, including a scholarship granted to AM, and AGL2016–80967-R). The funding body did not play any role in the design of the study, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data or in writing the manuscript. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

51 Pags.- 4 Tabls.- 6 Figs. © 2019 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The definitive version is available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1365294x, Landraces are local populations of crop plants adapted to a particular environment. Extant landraces are surviving genetic archives, keeping signatures of the selection processes experienced by them until settling in their current niches. This study intends to establish relationships between genetic diversity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces collected in Spain and the climate of their collection sites. A high‐resolution climatic data set (5 × 5 km spatial, 1‐day temporal grid) was computed from over 2,000 temperature and 7,000 precipitation stations across peninsular Spain. This data set, spanning the period 1981–2010, was used to derive agroclimatic variables meaningful for cereal production at the collection sites of 135 barley landraces. Variables summarize temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, potential vernalization and frost probability at different times of the year and time scales (season and month). SNP genotyping of the landraces was carried out combining Illumina Infinium assays and genotyping‐by‐sequencing, yielding 9,920 biallelic markers (7,479 with position on the barley reference genome). The association of these SNPs with agroclimatic variables was analysed at two levels of genetic diversity, with and without taking into account population structure. The whole data sets and analysis pipelines are documented and available at https://eead-csic-compbio.github.io/barley-agroclimatic-association. We found differential adaptation of the germplasm groups identified to be dominated by reactions to cold temperature and late‐season frost occurrence, as well as to water availability. Several significant associations pointing at specific adaptations to agroclimatic features related to temperature and water availability were observed, and candidate genes underlying some of the main regions are proposed., This work was supported by the FACCE ERA-NET Plus project ClimBar (618105) and by Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación projects CGL2014-52135-C3-3-R, AGL2013-48756-R, AGL2016-80967-R and RFP2015-00006-00-00. BCM was funded by Fundación ARAID., Peer reviewed

The Spanish Barley Core Collection (SBCC) is a source of genetic variability of potential interest for breeding, particularly for adaptation to Mediterranean environments. Two backcross populations (BC2F5) were developed using the elite cultivar Cierzo as the recurrent parent. The donor parents, namely SBCC042 and SBCC073, were selected from the SBCC lines due to their outstanding yield in drought environments. Flowering time, yield and drought-related traits were evaluated in two field trials in Zaragoza (Spain) during the 2014-15 and 2015-16 seasons and validated in the 2017-18 season. Two hundred sixty-four lines of each population were genotyped with the Barley lllumina iSelect 50k SNP chip. Genetic maps for each population were generated. The map for SBCC042 x Cierzo contains 12, 893 SNPs distributed in 9 linkage groups. The map for SBCC073 x Cierzo includes 12, 026 SNPs in 7 linkage groups. Both populations shared two QTL hotspots. There are QTLs for flowering time, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and hectoliter weight on a segment of 23 Mb at similar to 515 Mb on chromosome 1H, which encompasses the HvFT3 gene. In both populations, flowering was accelerated by the landrace allele, which also increased the TKW. In the same region, better soil coverage was contributed by SBCC042 but coincident with a lower hectoliter weight. The second large hotspot was on chromosome 6H and contained QTLs with wide intervals for grain yield, plant height and TKW. Landrace alleles contributed to increased plant height and TKW and reduced grain yield. Only SBCC042 contributed favorable alleles for "green area, " with three significant QTLs that increased ground coverage after winter, which might be exploited as an adaptive trait of this landrace. Some genes of interest found in or very close to the peaks of the QTLs are highlighted. Strategies to deploy the QTLs found for breeding and pre-breeding are proposed.

Early vigor has been proposed as a favorable trait for cereals grown in drought-prone environments. This research aimed at characterizing early stage shoot and root growth of three Spanish barley landraces compared with three modern cultivars. Genotypes were grown in an automated phenotyping platform, GrowScreen-Rhizo, under well-watered and drought conditions. Seminal and lateral root length, root system width and depth were recorded automatically during the experiment. Drought induced greater growth reduction in shoots (43% dry weight reduction) than in roots (23% dry weight). Genotypic differences were larger under no stress, partly due to a more profuse growth of landraces in this treatment. Accession SBCC146 was the most vigorous for shoot growth, whereas SBCC073 diverted more assimilates to root growth. Among cultivars, Cierzo was the most vigorous one and Scarlett had the least root dry weight of all genotypes, under both conditions. Root growth was redirected to lateral roots when seminal roots could not progress further in dry soil. This study reveals the presence of genetic diversity in dynamics of early growth of barley. The different patterns of growth observed for SBCC073 and SBCC146 should be explored further, to test if they affect field performance of barley in drought-prone environments.

Roots are important for crop adaptation, particularly in dryland environments. We evaluated root development of 37 durum wheat genotypes (modern cultivars and landraces) in the field at the adult plant stage, through a shovelomics approach. Large genotypic variability was found for root traits. Differences between the landraces and modern cultivars were the main driver of this variation, with landraces showing higher plant vigor for roots and shoots. Nonetheless, genotypic variation within groups was also observed, related to different models of root growth, largely independent of total root length. These two models represented root growth were oriented either to occupy more soil volume, or to occupy less soil volume with increased density. The field results were then compared with root data previously collected in seedlings using a filter paper-based method, to assess whether early root anticipated adult root features. Field plants showed a narrower root angle than seedlings. In particular, landraces presented a narrower root angle than cultivars, but only at seedling stage. Potentially useful correlations were found between the two growth stages for root length and number. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.