A high carotenoid content is important for the production of pasta from durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and yellow alkaline noodle from common wheat (T. aestivum L.). Carotenoid esters are more stable than free carotenoid during storage and processing, and thus they allow a higher retention through the food chain. Chromosome 7D carries gene(s) for lutein esterification. The aim of this study was the physical mapping of the gene(s) for lutein esterification on chromosome 7D and the identification of candidate genes for this trait. We developed crosses between a set of deletion lines for chromosome 7D in Chinese Spring (CS) background and the CS–Hordeum chilense substitution line CS(7D)7Hch. The F2 progeny derived from the deletion line 7DS4 produced a lower amount of lutein esters, which indicates that the main gene for lutein esterification is in the region of chromosome 7D lacking in 7DS4. Other gene(s) are contributing to lutein esterification because small amounts of lutein esters are produced in 7DS4. Genotyping by DArTSeq revealed that 7DS4 lacks a 127.7 Mb region of 7DS. A set of 10 candidate genes for lutein esterification was identified by using the wheat reference genome sequence along with the Wheat Expression Browser. This region contains the Lute locus previously identified in a different genetic background. Four genes with acyltransferase or GDSL esterase/lipase activity were identified in the vicinity of Lute. Our results indicate that the gene TraesCS7D01G094000 is a likely candidate for Lute but the gene TraesCS7D01G093200 cannot be ruled out. The candidate genes reported in this work are worthy for further investigation., This research was funded by Grants AGL2014-53195-R from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and AGL2017-85368-P from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Both projects are cofounded by FEDER. DHM is member of CaRed Network funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2015-71703-REDT and BIO2017-90877-REDT) and participates in EUROCAROTEN COST Action (CA15136). CMA and SGA are members of FiRCMe Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2016-81855-REDT)., Peer reviewed

68 Páginas, Carotenoid pigments are responsible for the yellow, orange and red colours of most fruits and vegetables, and also of some animal food sources, including fish, crustaceans and birds. In fruits, the most common native state for the majority of hydroxy-xanthophylls (i.e. carotenoids containing hydroxyl functional groups) is as xanthophyll esters. The in vivo esterification process of xanthophylls is an important part of post-carotenogenesis metabolism and mediates the accumulation of these molecules in plants. Although our understanding of the esterification of xanthophylls with fatty acids is increasing, it is still relatively scarce when compared to the free counterparts. In addition, the biochemical and genetic characterisation of the xanthophyll esterification process is still an open question in the carotenoid field. This chapter presents a compilation of relevant data on the occurrence of xanthophyll esters in foods from plant and animal origins with the aim of contributing to our understanding of this important natural process., This work was supported by funding from the ‘Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades’ (Spanish Government, Projects AGL2014-53195R and AGL2017-85368-P)., Peer reviewed

3 Figuras, Tritordeums show a significant proportion of lutein esters which increases carotenoid stability and retention throughout the food chain. Esterification is a common means of carotenoid sequestration. A putative association between lutein esters formation acting as a metabolic sink during early stages of grain development and the high carotenoid content of tritordeums is analyzed in this work.

Compared to wheat, tritordeums accumulated significantly higher lutein contents from 20 days post anthesis (dpa) but lutein esters were not detected until 36 dpa. Thus esterification is not acting as a metabolific sink before 36 dpa. The presence of lutein esters at late stages of grain development may have a complementary role in carotenoid accumulation by reducing and/or counteracting their catabolism. The differences for lutein esterification among tritordeums suggest the existence of diversity for xanthophyll acyl transferases that could be exploited to increase lutein retention in this cereal and through the food chain., This research was funded by Grants AGL2014-53195-R from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and AGL2017-85368-P from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Both projects are cofounded by FEDER. DHM is member of CaRed Network funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2015-71703-REDT and BIO2017-90877-REDT) and participates in EUROCAROTEN COST Action (CA15136). SGA is member of FiRCMe Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (AGL2016-81855-REDT). M.G.M. was recipient of a fellowship from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BES-2012-055961)., Peer reviewed

Hornero-Méndez D. (2020) A Routine Method for the Extraction and HPLC-DAD Profiling of Major Plant and Food Carotenoids. In: Rodríguez-Concepción M., Welsch R. (eds) Plant and Food Carotenoids. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2083. Humana, New York, NY, Carotenoids are ubiquitously present in Nature, and especially in plants and derived foods. The carotenoid profiling is necessary to understand relevant aspects in relation to their biochemistry and genetics, as well as their important roles on human health and animal ecophysiology. Here we propose a simple methodology for the routine extraction and efficient HPLC separation of the most common plant and food carotenoids from plant and animal origins., The author thanks to the Spanish Government (projects AGL2017-85368P and CaRed Network BIO2015-71703-REDT and BIO2017-90877-REDT) for financial support.

Trabajo presentado en el II Spanish Symposium on Physiology and Breeding of Cereals (II SEFiMeC), celebrado en Córdoba (España) el 6 y 7 de marzo de 2019.-- Organized by excellence network AGL2016-81855-REDT., Carotenoids are important for the production of yellow alkaline noodle from common wheat, pasta from durum wheat and tritordeum derived products. These pigments become more stable during storage and processing when esterified with fatty acids. Thus, carotenoid esterification allows a higher retention through the food chain.
In this work we developed crosses between a set of deletion lines for chromosome 7D in common wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) and CS-Hordeum chilense substitution line CS(7D)7Hch. The F2 progenies of these crosses were genotyped and used for carotenoid analyses. As expected, the presence of chromosome 7Hch in the hybrids increased the carotenoid content. Besides, the simultaneous presence of 7Hch and 7D also raised the amount of lutein esters in all cases but one, which means that genes for lutein esterification in 7D are located in this missing region. Using DArTSeq genotyping, the Wheat Reference Genome and the Wheat Expression Browser we identified ten candidate genes annotated as related to esterification processes in this region of chromosome 7D. Furthermore, two of these genes could be related to the Lute locus identified in a different background. The synteny between H. chilense and wheat makes interesting further study of these candidate genes in H. chilense to increase lutein esterification., This research was funded by Grants AGL2014-53195-R from Ministerio de Economía and Competitividad and AGL2017-85368-P from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Both projects are cofounded by FEDER. DHM is member of CaRed Network funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2015-71703-REDT and BIO2017-90877-REDT) and participates in EUROCAROTEN COST Action (CA15136). CMA and SGA are members of FiRCMe Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2016-81855-REDT)., Peer reviewed

Trabajo presentada en la II reunión nacional sobre Carotenoides en Microorganismos, Plantas, Alimentos y Salud, celebrada en Granada el 7 y 8 de noviembre de 2019.

Carotenoids are essential in human diet, so that the development of programs toward carotenoid enhancement has been promoted in several crops. The cereal tritordeum, the amphiploid derived from the cross between Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schulz. and durum wheat has a remarkable carotenoid content in the endosperm. Besides, a high proportion of these carotenoids are esterified with fatty acids. The identification of the gene(s) responsible for xanthophyll esterification would be useful for breeding as esterified carotenoids show an increased ability to accumulate within plant cells and have a higher stability during post-harvest storage. In this work, we analyzed five genes identified as candidates for coding the xanthophyll acyltransferase (XAT) enzyme responsible for lutein esterification in H. chilense genome. All these genes were expressed during grain development in tritordeum, but only HORCH7HG021460 was highly upregulated. Sequence analysis of HORCH7HG021460 revealed a G-to-T transversion, causing a Glycine to Cysteine substitution in the protein of H290 (the only accession not producing quantifiable amounts of lutein esters, hereinafter referred as zero-ester) of H. chilense compared to the esterifying genotypes. An allele-specific marker was designed for the SNP detection in the H. chilense diversity panel. From the 93 accessions, only H290 showed the T allele and the zero-ester phenotype. Furthermore, HORCH7HG021460 is the orthologue of XAT-7D, which encodes a XAT enzyme responsible for carotenoid esterification in wheat. Thus, HORCH7HG021460 (XAT-7Hch) is a strong candidate for lutein esterification in H. chilense and tritordeum, suggesting a common mechanism of carotenoid esterification in Triticeae species. The transference of XAT-7Hch to wheat may be useful for the enhancement of lutein esters in biofortification programs., This research was funded by grant AGL2017-85368-P from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, and co-funded by FEDER. MR-R was recipient of a fellowship from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PRE2018-084037). DH-M is member of CaRed Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2017-90877-REDT) and participated in EUROCAROTEN COSTAction (CA15136). SA is member of FiRCMe Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (AGL2016-81855-REDT)., Peer reviewed

Trabajo presentado en el III Spanish Symposium on Physiology and Breeding of Cereals (III Simposio Español de Fisiología y Mejora de Cereales, SEFiMeC), celebrado online el 17 y 18 de noviembre de 2020., Este trabajo cuenta con la financiación del proyecto AGL2017-85368-P del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades y cofinanciado con FEDER. MDR-R es beneficiaria de una beca FPI (PRE-2018-084037).

This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Unive sidades, grant
number AGL2017-85368-P and by Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera
(IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, grant number PP.AVA-AVA2019.020. Both grants are cofounded
by FEDER. D.H.-M. is member of CaRed Network funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
(BIO2017-90877-REDT) and participates in EUROCAROTEN COST Action (CA15136). S.G.A.
is member of FiRCMe Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad
(AGL2016-81855-REDT). M.D.R.-R. was recipient of a fellowship from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación
y Universidades (PRE2018-084037)., Peer reviewed

10 Páginas.-- 4 Figuras.-- 1 Tabla, Carotenoids are essential in the human diet for their important functions in health. Besides, they are responsible for the yellow pigments desirable for industrial quality in durum wheat. The remarkable carotenoid content of durum wheat endosperm is mostly due to lutein. However, lutein esters have not been previously detected in durum wheat as in other cereals such as common wheat, tritordeum or Hordeum chilense. Esterification increases carotenoid stability and allows greater retention and accumulation through the food chain. Therefore, carotenoid esterification is revealed as a new key target in breeding. We characterized the carotenoid profile of 156 accessions of the Spanish durum wheat collection, searching for landraces with esterification ability. Interestingly, four accessions produced lutein monoesters and diesters. Also, traces of lutein monoesters were detected in eleven accessions. The identification of the first durum wheat accessions with esterification ability reported herein is a remarkable advance for carotenoid biofortification. Furthermore, variation for the relative content of zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene was also observed. This diversity for the β,ε and β,β branches of the carotenogenic pathway also represents a new opportunity for breeding for specific carotenoids in biofortification programs., This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, grant number AGL2017-85368-P and by Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, grant number PP.AVA-AVA2019.020. Both grants are cofounded by FEDER. D.H.-M. is member of CaRed Network funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2017-90877-REDT) and participates in EUROCAROTEN COST Action (CA15136). S.G.A. is member of FiRCMe Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (AGL2016-81855-REDT). M.D.R.-R. was recipient of a fellowship from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PRE2018-084037).

This article belongs to the Special Issue Pre-breeding towards the Effective Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources., Hexaploid tritordeum is the amphiploid derived from the cross between the wild barley Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. This paper reviews the main advances and achievements in the last two decades that led to the successful development of tritordeum as a new crop. In particular, we summarize the progress in breeding for agronomic performance, including the potential of tritordeum as a genetic bridge for wheat breeding; the impact of molecular markers in genetic studies and breeding; and the progress in quality and development of innovative food products. The success of tritordeum as a crop shows the importance of the effective utilization of plant genetic resources for the development of new innovative products for agriculture and industry. Considering that wild plant genetic resources have made possible the development of this new crop, the huge potential of more accessible resources, such as landraces conserved in gene banks, goes beyond being sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the positive result of tritordeum also shows the importance of adequate commercialization strategies and demonstrative experiences aimed to integrate the whole food chain, from producers to end-point sellers, in order to develop new products for consumers., This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, grant number AGL2017-85368-P and cofounded by FEDER.

Trabajo presentado en el XLII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Genética (SEG2021), celebrado virtualmente del 14 al 18 junio de 2021., Esta investigación ha sido financiada por la subvención AGL2017-85368-P del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, y cofinanciada por FEDER. M.D.R-R ha recibido una beca del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PRE2018-084037).

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Congreso Nacional Ciencias Hortícolas, celebrado en Córdoba (España) del 17 al 22 de octubre de 2021., El trigo duro (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn) es un cultivo importante para la alimentación humana con producciones anuales superiores a los 40 millones de toneladas. Las variedades locales atesoran una gran variabilidad esencial para su mejora, pero no todo este potencial puede ser aprovechado dadas varias limitaciones, entre ellas, una insuficiente evaluación fenotípica y la falta de herramientas eficientes para la transferencia de los caracteres de interés.
La colección española de trigo duro muestra una gran diversidad para caracteres agronómicos, morfológicos y relacionados con la calidad (Ruiz et al., 2012; Pascual et al., 2020, Requena-Ramírez et al., 2021) También se ha descrito variabilidad para resistencia a WWS (Cephus spp. and Trachelus spp.) en trigos de la península Ibérica (Cook et al., 2017) que está relacionada con las propiedades del tallo y la altura de la planta (Chen et al., 2005). Esta plaga produce pérdidas debido a que reduce la translocación de agua y nutrientes y debilita los tallos favoreciendo el encamado. Por otro lado, los caracteres relacionados con la sección del tallo determinan la robustez de la planta y su resistencia al encamado., Trabajo financiado por el proyecto AVA-AVA2019.020 del IPAFA, Junta de Andalucía, cofinanciado al 80% por fondos FEDER y proyecto AGL2017-85368-P financiado por MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. MDRR ha recibido la Ayuda PRE2018-084037 financiada por MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 y FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”.

6th Conference on Cereal Biotechnology and Breeding, jointly organized by EUCARPIA Cereals Section. Online Conference, 3–5 November 2021 / Budapest, Hungary., Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments essential in the human diet. In addition, carotenoids are responsible of the yellow colour of food, including the desired yellow color of durum wheat derived-products such as pasta or couscous. Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) has high content of carotenoids, being lutein the predominant carotenoid, representing over 90% of the carotenoids in the endosperm.
The esterification of carotenoids allows greater accumulation in plant tissues and increases its stability which leads to greater retention through the food chain. Therefore, the carotenoid esterification is being considered as a new target in breeding programs. However, carotenoid esters have never found in tetraploid wheats such as
durum wheat or emmer. In this work, 156 Spanish durum wheat landraces were characterized for carotenoid content and profile in order to identify accessions with the ability to produce xanthophyll esters., Project AGL2017‐85368‐P funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “ Una manera de hacer Europa ” . MDRR was supported by PRE2018‐084037 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”.

IX Congreso Científico de Investigadores en Formación de la Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, del 3 al 6 de mayo de 2021., Los carotenoides son responsables de muchos de los colores entre el amarillo y el rojo de frutas, verduras y flores. Tienen funciones esenciales en la recolección de luz, la protección contra el exceso de energía lumínica y el daño oxidativo. El consumo de carotenoides se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar algunas enfermedades y cánceres, pero los humanos no somos capaces de sintetizarlos, por lo que su suministro depende de la dieta.
El tritórdeo (×Tritordeum martinii A. Pujadas), anfiploide derivado del cruce entre Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schultz. y trigo duro, tiene un alto contenido de carotenoides en grano. Además, gran parte de esos carotenoides se encuentran esterificados con ácidos grasos, lo que incrementa su estabilidad durante el almacenamiento y su capacidad de acumulación en las células vegetales. Trabajos previos del grupo habían localizado el gen de esterificación en el cromosoma 7 de H. chilense y habían identificado genes candidatos para el control de este carácter en trigo harinero.
El objetivo es identificar el gen responsable de la esterificación de carotenoides en H. chilense mediante una estrategia de genes candidatos., Estudio financiado por el proyecto AGL2017-85368-P (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) y cofinanciado por FEDER. MDRR ha recibido una beca
predoctoral del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PRE2018-084837).

Trabajo presentado en el Symposium on Physiology and Breeding of Cereals, celebrado en Pamplona el 16 y 17 de diciembre de 2021., Project AGL2017‐85368‐P funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa ” . MDRR was supported by PRE2018‐084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”.

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Congreso Nacional Ciencias Hortícolas, celebrado en Cördoba (España) del 17 al 22 de octubre de 2021., Los carotenoides son pigmentos lipofílicos con funciones esenciales en la recolección de la luz, la protección contra el exceso de energía lumínica y el daño oxidativo en plantas. El consumo de carotenoides se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar algunas enfermedades como la degradación macular del ojo y distintos tipos de cánceres. Dado que los humanos no somos capaces de sintetizar carotenoides, su suministro depende exclusivamente de la dieta. Los carotenoides también son de gran importancia para la calidad industrial del trigo duro ya que son responsables de la coloración amarilla necesaria para la pasta y el cuscús de alta calidad. De ahí que la acumulación de estos pigmentos en el grano y su retención en la cadena alimentaria sean relevantes para la mejora. La esterificación de los carotenoides aumenta la estabilidad durante el almacenaje y la capacidad de acumulación en las células de estos pigmentos. El trigo harinero y el tritórdeo producen ésteres de carotenoides pero se pensaba que el trigo duro era incapaz de sintetizar estos compuestos. El objetivo de este trabajo era explorar la diversidad del perfil de carotenoides de trigo duro de la colección de trigos duros de España para identificar variedades locales con capacidad de esterificar luteína., Proyecto AGL2017‐85368‐P financiado por MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” MDRR ha recibido la Ayuda PRE2018‐084037 financiada por MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 y FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”.

15 Páginas.-- 5 Figuras.-- 1 Tabla, Yellow pigment content is one of the main traits considered for grain quality in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). The yellow color is mostly determined by carotenoid pigments, lutein being the most abundant in wheat endosperm, although zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene are present in minor quantities. Due to the importance of carotenoids in human health and grain quality, modifying the carotenoid content and profile has been a classic target. Landraces are then a potential source for the variability needed for wheat breeding. In this work, 158 accessions of the Spanish durum wheat collection were characterized for carotenoid content and profile and genotyped using the DArTSeq platform for association analysis. A total of 28 marker-trait associations were identified and their co-location with previously described QTLs and candidate genes was studied. The results obtained confirm the importance of the widely described QTL in 7B and validate the QTL regions recently identified by haplotype analysis for the semolina pigment. Additionally, copies of the Zds and Psy genes on chromosomes 7B and 5B, respectively, may have a putative role in determining zeaxanthin content. Finally, genes for the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPPI) carotenoid precursor pathways were revealed as additional sources of untapped variation for carotenoid improvement., This research was funded by project AGL2017-85368-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, by ERDF “ERDF A way of making Europe” and by the Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, grant number AVA-AVA2019.020 cofounded at 80% by ERDF. M.D.R.-R. was supported by PRE2018-084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF “ESF investing in your future”., Peer reviewed

3 Figuras.-- 2 Tablas, Carotenoid esterification is a new target for cereal biofortification since esterification increases both accumulation and stability of carotenoids. A xanthophyll acyl transferase is responsible for carotenoid esterification in the endosperm of wheat and related cereals. In this chapter we describe the procedures for transferring the carotenoid esterification attribute into wheat using the wild barley Hordeum chilense as donor of the esterification trait, the outline of the breeding program and the protocols for marker assisted selection and the analysis of carotenoids in grain. Biofortified cereals with increased lutein ester content will help to reduce the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration in human populations with limited access to other dietary sources., This research was funded by project AGL2017-85368-P and by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER “Una Manera de hacer Europa.” M.D.R.-R. was supported by PRE2018-084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “EL FSE invierte en tu futuro.”, Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] Table S1. Carotenoid content and profile was determined by HPLC.
Table S2. Gene annotation information was retrieved from the public information available at Ensembl.Plants. https://plants.ensembl.org/Triticum_turgidum/Info/Index
Table S3. Passport information was retrieved from The Spanish Inventory of Plant Genetic Resources. Available online: https://https://bancocrf.inia.es/en/, Dataset published as supplementary material of Requena-Ramírez et al. (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11152065. This dataset includes the carotenoid content and profile of the durum wheat accessions analysed during two seasons in Córdoba (Spain) along with their basic passport data., This research was funded by project AGL2017-85368-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, by ERDF “ERDF A way of making Europe” and by the Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, grant number AVA-AVA2019.020 cofounded at 80% by ERDF. M.D.R.-R. was supported by PRE2018-084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF “ESF investing in your future”., Contains three tables: Table S1, Table S2, Table S3. Table S1. Carotenoid content and profile of durum wheat accessions during two seasons. Table S2. Svevo gene models matching marker-trait associations reported in this work Table S3. List of durum wheat accessions analized in this work. Further details can be found at the Spanish Inventory of Plant Genetic Resources. Available online: https://bancocrf.inia.es/en/, Peer reviewed

Conjunto de 4 ficheros (3 tablas suplementarias y una figura suplementaria)., This research was funded by Grants AGL2014-53195-R from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and AGL2017-85368-P from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Both projects are cofounded by FEDER. DHM is member of CaRed Network funded byMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2015-71703-REDT and BIO2017-90877-REDT) and participates in EUROCAROTEN COST Action (CA15136). CMA and SGA are members of FiRCMe Network, funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2016-81855-REDT)., Peer reviewed

11 Páginas.-- 3 Figuras.-- 2 Tablas, Bread wheat has traditionally been selected for whitish derived flours. As a consequence, the current varieties carry carotenogenic alleles associated with low grain carotenoid. In contrast, high grain yellow pigment content (YPC) has been a major target in durum wheat programs since yellow colour is an important aesthetic factor for pasta production. Phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) genes have an important role in the determination of the carotenoid content in wheat. In this work, we have transferred the genes Psy1-A1 and Psy1-B1 from durum to bread wheat by inter-specific hybridization in order to evaluate the combined effect of these genes for the improvement of grain carotenoid content, as well as the development of carotenoid-enriched bread wheat lines. Inter-specific breeding coupled with a MAS approach based on Psy1-A1 and Psy1-B1 alleles has allowed the development of bread wheat pre-breeding lines with enhanced grain carotenoid content (16-23% mean). These biofortified lines have the potential to become new varieties or to be used as recurrent parents in bread wheat breeding programs., This research was funded by projects AGL2017-85368-P and PID2021-122152NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ERDF “ERDF A way of making Europe”. M.D.R.-R. was supported by PRE2018-084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF “ESF investing in your future”., Peer reviewed

This research was funded by project AGL2017-85368-P
(MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/), by ERDF “ERDF A
way of making Europe”. M.D.R.-R. was supported by
PRE2018-084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/
10.13039/501100011033 and ESF “ESF investing in your
future”.

Fifth Symposium on Cereal Physiology and Breeding, 8 – 9 May 2023, Lleida, Spain, This research was funded by project AGL2017-85368-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, by ERDF “ERDF A way of making Europe” and by the Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, grant number AVA- AVA2019.020 cofounded at 80% by ERDF. M.D.R.-R. was supported by PRE2018-084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

3rd International Wheat Congress, 22-27 September 2024, Perth (Australia)., Colour and colour stability are key characteristics for wheat grain quality. The yellow colour of the endosperm is a consequence of the accumulation of carotenoids, which are of major importance for human nutrition and health, as carotenoids are bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. Thus, grain carotenoid content has historically been an important trait considered in bread wheat (BW) and durum wheat (DW) breeding following different strategies. Inter-specific variability is a valuable resource for broadening the genetic base of wheat for breeding purposes. We present two inter-specific breeding strategies for increasing grain carotenoid content in wheat grain that are currently being implemented in our group., This research was financed by projects AGL2017-85368-P and PID2021-122152NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ERDF “ERDF A way of making Europe”., Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] foods-2286878-supplementary.xlsx. Carotenoid content and profile was determined according to Rodríguez-Suárez C, Requena-Ramírez MD, Hornero-Méndez D, Atienza SG (2022). Chapter 4. The breeder’s tool-box for enhancing the content of esterified carotenoids in wheat: From extraction and profiling of carotenoids to marker-assisted selection of candidate genes. En: Carotenoids: Carotenoid and apocarotenoid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. pp. 99-125. Editor. Eleanore T. Wurtzel. Book series: Methods in Enzymology. Editorial: Academic Press. Elsevier. Hardcover ISBN: 9780323913539., This research was financed by projects AGL2017-85368-P and PID2021-122152NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ERDF “ERDF A way of making Europe”. M.D.R.-R. was supported by PRE2018-084037 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF “ESF investing in your future”., foods-2286878-supplementary contains Table S1 (Detailed carotenoid content of parental lines used in the work) and Table S2 (Detailed carotenoid content of bread wheat lines obtained)., Peer reviewed