BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Jellyfish is a compartment in the marine food web that often achieves high increases of
biomass and that it is starting to be explored for several human potential uses. In this paper, a
recently rediscovered large jellyfish, Rhizostoma luteum, is studied for the first time to describe its
organic compounds for the isolation and production of bioactive compounds in several fields of food,
cosmetics, or biomedical industries. The biogeochemical composition (Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur
content), protein and phenols content, together with their antioxidant activity, and the analysis of
lipid content (identifying each of the fatty acids presented) was analyzed. The results presented
here suggested this jellyfish has the highest antioxidant activity ever measured in a jellyfish, but
also with high content in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including the essential fatty acid
linoleic. The large natural biomass of Rhizostoma luteum in nature, the wide geographical spread,
the fact that already its life cycle has been completed in captivity, establishes a promising positive
association of this giant jellyfish species and the isolation of bioactive compounds for future use in
marine biotechnology.

11 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License, Seawater pH is undergoing a decreasing trend due to the absorption of atmospheric CO2, a
phenomenon known as ocean acidification (OA). Biogeochemical processes occurring naturally in the
ocean also change pH and hence, for an accurate assessment of OA, the contribution of the natural
component to the total pH variation must be quantified. In this work, we used 11 years (2005–2015)
of biogeochemical measurements collected at the Strait of Gibraltar to estimate decadal trends of
pH in two major Mediterranean water masses, the Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW)
and the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and assess the magnitude of natural and anthropogenic
components on the total pH change. The assessment was also performed in the North Atlantic Central
Water (NACW) feeding the Mediterranean Sea. Our analysis revealed a significant human impact on
all water masses in terms of accumulation of anthropogenic CO2. However, the decadal pH decline
found in the WMDW and the NACW was markedly affected by natural processes, which accounted for
by nearly 60% and 40% of the total pH decrease, respectively. The LIW did not exhibit a significant pH
temporal trend although data indicated natural and anthropogenic perturbations on its biogeochemical
signatures, Funding for this work was
provided by the European Commission through the projects CARBOOCEAN (FP6-511176), CARBOCHANGE
(FP7-264879), PERSEUS (FP7-287600) and COMFORT (H2020-820989) and by the Spanish Ministry of
Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2006-28141-E/MAR, CTM2016-75487-R). S.F acknowledges the financial
support of Canon Foundation in Europe Research Fellowships Program, Peer reviewed

This dataset is composed of 2 files: a database (in csv format) with 695 records of biogeochemical variables (temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, pH and total alkalinity) analyzed in water samples collected at the GIFT time series and a Readme (txt) file that includes a short description of the variables provided., If the dataset is used, please consider citing Flecha et al., (2019) (doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52084-x)., This data set includes recently published data used to assess the temporal evolution of pH in Atlantic and Mediterranean water masses exchanging at the Strait of Gibraltar (Long:-5.345, Lat: 36.137, Datum:WSG84) during the decade 2005-2015 and to calculate the magnitude of natural and anthropogenic components on total pH changes (Flecha et al., 2019).
The database provides measurements of carbon system parameters in water samples collected at 3 stations that form the marine time series GIFT during 26 oceanographic campaigns conducted over the decade 2005–2015. Geographic coordinates of sampling stations are provided. Some physical data (i.e. pressure, temperature and salinity) are also included.
During the cruises, a temperature and salinity profile in each station was obtained with a Seabird 911 Plus CTD probe connected to a rosette sampler. Conductivity measurements were converted into practical values of the salinity scale with the UNESCO equation (1986). Seawater was subsequently collected for biogeochemical analysis using Niskin bottles immersed in the oceanographic rosette at variable depths (from 5 to 8 levels) depending on the instant position of the interface between the Atlantic and Mediterranean flows that was identified by CTD profiles. The biogeochemical variables shown in the database are pH in total scale at 25 °C (pHT25), total alkalinity (AT), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and inorganic nutrients (nitrate, NO3− and Silicate, SiO44−). pHT25 data were obtained by the spectrophotometric method with m-cresol purple as indicator (Clayton & Byrne 1993) with an addition of 0.0047 (DelValls & Dickson, 1998). Samples were taken directly from the oceanographic bottles in 10 cm path-length optical glass cells and measurements were carried out with a Shimadzu UV-2401PC spectrophotometer containing a 25 °C-thermostated cells holder. Samples for AT analysis were collected in 500-ml borosilicate bottles, and poisoned with 100 μl of HgCl2-saturated aqueous solution and stored until measurement in the laboratory. AT was measured by potential titration according to Mintrop et al. (2000) with a Titroprocessor (model Metrohm 794). DO concentration was obtained through automated potentiometric modification of the original Winkler method using the Titroprocessor. Upon collection, flasks were sealed, stored in darkness and measured within 24 h. Water samples (5 mL, two replicates) for inorganic nutrients determination were taken, filtered immediately (Whatman GF/F, 0.7 μm) and stored frozen for later analyses in the shore-based laboratory. Nutrients concentrations were measured with a continuous flow auto-analyzer using standard colorimetric techniques (Hansen & Koroleff 1999). More details on procedures and data structure are given in a single README file (txt). The data are provided as [space] delimitated plain text files., Plan Estatal de I+D+i, European Commission, CSIC. CARBOOCEAN (FP6-511176), SESAME (FP6-036949), CARBOCHANGE (FP7-264879), PERSEUS (FP7-287600), COMFORT (H2020-820989), CTM2006-28141-E/MAR, CTM2016-75487-R., 1 data csv‘GIFT_carbonparameteres_2005_2015.csv’ file and 1 readme.txt file., Peer reviewed

The database provides laboratory data obtained from two experiments carried out during 2019 using polyps of the jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. The experiments considered current and ca. 2100 winter (Experiment 1) and summer (Experiment 2) conditions under the RCP8.5 scenario (IPCC, 2013). Experiment 1 conditions were 18ºC and two pH levels (current: 7.9 and, reduced: 7.7): and experiment 2 conditions were 24ºC and 30ºCand two pH levels (current: 8.0 and reduced: 7.7).
The database contains 3 datasets:
1) Survival and asexual reproduction:
Data of the survival and asexual reproduction of the polyps collected during the described experimental conditions. This first dataset includes the number of polyps, buds and polyps undergoing budding, and the number of ephyrae released by strobilation of polyps from the different temperature and pCO2 treatments. Each experiment last for 36 days and the number of replicates per treatment was 6 for experiment 1 and 3 for experiment 2. Seawater salinity was 38. AT was determined by potentiometric titration using a Metrohm 794 Titroprocessor and Fixanal (0.5 mol l-1 of HCl) as titrant (Mintrop et al. 2000). pH was measured spectrophotometrically (Clayton and Byrne 1993) using m-cresol purple as indicator, and consequently, values were expressed in total scale. pCO2 was derived from pH, AT nitrate and silicate using CO2SYS software (Lewis and Wallace 1998).
2) Ephyrae Measurements:
This dataset includes measurements of the ephyrae released from the mentioned experimental conditions measured under optical microscopy. The total body diameter of the ephyrae (long axis and short axis, BDL and BDW) and the total marginal lappet length and width were measured at 5x magnification. Rhopalia and statocyst (crystal conglomeration) length and width were measured at 40x magnification.
3) Statolith Measurements:
Includes the number of statoliths in each rhopalium. For each ephyra, the length (long axis) and width (short axis) of all statoliths in all rhopalia were measured on a computer screen using AxioVisionLE software at 100x magnification. The volume of each statolith was indirectly calculated from measurements of length and width, considering the statolith shape as a hexagonal prism., This data set includes data collected in 2019 from laboratory experiments using polyps of the jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata exposed to current and future seawater pH and temperature conditions. The dataset includes information of the survival and asexual reproduction of polyps under different experimental treatments as well as, data of the measurements of ephyrae and statoliths., This work was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under grant number CTM2016-75487-R for the project MED2CA. This work is a contribution to the CSIC interdisciplinary thematic platform, WATER:iOS and the Project Agreement "Sistema de Observación y Predicción de Medusas en el Mar Balear” among Govern des Illes Balears, SOCIB and CSIC., The database is composed by 3 datasest: 1) Survival and asexual reproduction 2) Ephyrae Measurements 3) Statolith Measurements, No

[EN]: The Australian white-spotted jellyfish, Phyllorhiza punctata had not been previously recorded in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Here, we present the first record of this species in the southwestern Atlantic coast of Spain, Cadiz. Particularly, ten specimens including juveniles and adults were collected in August and October 2018 during five field surveys conducted in a tidal creek (Rio San Pedro), communicated with the Bay of Cadiz. The origin of the organism is unknown although long-distance transport of polyps attached to ship hulls or expansion of jellyfish aquarium exhibitions can be considered as possible pathways of invasion. Future observations are required to assess if P. punctata has established a stable population in the region., [FR]: Premier signalement de Phyllorhiza punctata (Cnidaria: Rhizostomae: Mastiglidae) dans l'océan Atlantique nord-est. La méduse australienne, Phyllorhiza punctata n'a encore jamais été signalée dans le nord- est de l'océan Atlantique. Nous présentons ici le premier signalement de l'espèce sur la côte atlantique au sud- ouest de l'Espagne, à Cadix. Dix spécimens, comprenant des juvéniles et des adultes, ont été trouvés en août et octobre 2018, lors de cinq échantillonnages dans le chenal de marée du Rio San Pedro, communiquant avec la Baie de Cadix. Le transport à longue distance de polypes attachés aux coques de navires ou l'augmentation d'expositions d'aquarium de méduses sont des voies possibles d'invasion. Des observations futures seront nécessaires afin de montrer si une population de cette méduse s'établira de façon pérenne dans ce nouvel habitat., The Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades funded this research under grant number CTM2016-75487-R for the project MED2CA.AEN was financially sustained by a PhD fellowship from the MED2CA project.

Ocean acidification and warming are challenging marine organisms and ecosystems around the world. The synergetic effects of these two climate change stressors on jellyfish remain still understudied. Here, we examine the independent and combined effects of these two environmental variables on polyp population dynamics of the Mediterranean jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. An experiment was conducted to examine asexual reproduction by budding and strobilation considering current and ca. 2100 winter (Trial 1, 36 days) and summer (Trial 2, 36 days) conditions under the RCP8.5 (IPCC 2013). In Trial 1, a temperature of 18°C and two pH levels (current: 7.9 and, reduced: 7.7) were tested. Trial 2 considered two temperature levels 24°C and 30°C, under current and reduced acidification conditions (8.0 and 7.7, respectively). Ephyrae size and statolith formation of released ephyrae from polyps exposed to summer temperatures under both acidification treatment was also analyzed. Zooxanthellae density inside the polyps throughout the experiment was measured. C. tuberculata polyps could cope with the conditions mimicked in all experimental treatments and no significant effect of pH, temperature, or the combination of both variables on the abundance of polyps was observed. At 18°C, strobilation was reduced under high PCO2 conditions. Under summer treatments (24°C and 30°C), percentage strobilation was very low and several released ephyrae suffered malformations and reduced size, as a consequence of reduced pH and elevated temperatures, separately. The number of statoliths was not affected by pH or temperature, however, bigger statoliths were formed at elevated temperatures (30°C). Finally, zooxanthellae density was not affected by experimental conditions, even if, the duration of the experiment significantly affected symbiont concentration. Our results show that even though polyps of C. tuberculata would thrive the future worst scenario predicted for the Mediterranean Sea, their capacity to undergo a proper strobilation and to produce healthy ephyrae will be more vulnerable to climate induced environmental conditions, thereby affecting medusae recruitment and, therefore, population dynamics of the species., This work was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (https://www.ciencia.gob.es) under grant number CTM2016-75487-R for the project MED2CA. AEN was financially sustained by a Ph.D. fellowship from the MED2CA project (https://med2ca.csic.es). This work is a contribution to the CSIC interdisciplinary thematic platform, WATER:iOS and the Project Agreement "Sistema de Observación y Predicción de Medusas en el Mar Balear” among Govern des Illes Balears, SOCIB and CSIC.

The dataset provides Rhizostoma pulmo newly released ephyrae statoliths measurements., The data set is provided as an Excel file within a compressed folder that also includes a single README file (in text format) containing a detailed description of the data structure., [METHODOLOGY] Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Six combinations of temperature and PCO2 (18, 24 and 30ºC with a PCO2 of 500 and 1000 ppm each) were applied during 32 days to different groups of polyps of Rhizostoma pulmo. From the released ephyrae during this period, three specimens from each treatment were randomly taken. From each ephyra, three of its eight statocysts were randomly selected and all the statoliths inside were counted and measured via inverted optical microscopy.-- Methods for processing the data: Data were analyzed using RStudio software. To obtain the variable "volume", its values were obtained using the formula for the volume of a regular hexagonal prism., This data set includes data collected from ICMAN-CSIC (Spain), consisting of measurements of the size and number of the statoliths present in newly released Rhizostoma pulmo ephirae under conditions of oceanic warming and acidification (IPCC SSP5-8.5 scenario). From each ephyra, three of its eight statocysts were randomly selected and all the statoliths inside were counted and measured., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant number CTM2016-75487-R “Respuesta de medusas mediterráneas al efecto interactivo de motores climáticos de impacto: supervivencia en un Mediterráneo más cálido y ácido”, proyect MED2CA), CSIC (grant number 202330E57 “Estudio de los efectos de motores de impacto del cambio climático sobre las dinámicas poblacionales de medusas mediterráneas”) and the Project Agreement “Detección de medusas en el mar Balear y su relación con las condiciones ambientales: hacia el desarrollo de un sistema de predicción pre-operacional” among Govern des Illes Balears, SOCIB and CSIC (Disposición 15052 del BOE núm. 310 de 2020). It was also financially sustainned by a Ph.D. fellowship (FPU22/03487) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades., Peer reviewed

Jellyfish is a compartment in the marine food web that often achieves high increases of biomass and that it is starting to be explored for several human potential uses. In this paper, a recently rediscovered large jellyfish, Rhizostoma luteum, is studied for the first time to describe its
organic compounds for the isolation and production of bioactive compounds in several fields of food, cosmetics, or biomedical industries. The biogeochemical composition (Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur content), protein and phenols content, together with their antioxidant activity, and the analysis oflipid content (identifying each of the fatty acids presented) was analyzed. The results presentedhere suggested this jellyfish has the highest antioxidant activity ever measured in a jellyfish, butalso with high content in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including the essential fatty acidlinoleic. The large natural biomass of Rhizostoma luteum in nature, the wide geographical spread,the fact that already its life cycle has been completed in captivity, establishes a promising positiveassociation of this giant jellyfish species and the isolation of bioactive compounds for future use in marine biotechnology., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under grant number CTM2016-75487-R for the project MED2CA and the CSIC under grant number 2017301072. The research stay of R.L.V. was funded by Erasmus + Program, Peer reviewed