Soccer is the most practiced team sport in the world. Due to the importance of nutrition in soccer performance, controlling the body composition and dietary guidelines of players takes place starting from lower categories. The objective of this study was to evaluate body composition and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of U12 players from a professional soccer team and to identify their dietary weak points. Seventy-one U12 male soccer players participated in the study. Weight, height, percentiles, skinfolds, and body fat were measured by a certified anthropometrist following the procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. The Mediterranean diet adherence test (KIDMED) was the questionnaire used to evaluate eating habits. In addition, a comparison was made among field positions. The results showed percentiles and body fat percentages appropriate for their age. Furthermore, the average score on the KIDMED test showed that the players generally adhered well to the Mediterranean diet, although they should improve their consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as avoid skipping breakfast. Moreover, goalkeepers and defenders had a higher percentile BMI and percentage of fat than midfielders and forwards. In addition, these players had lower KIDMED values than midfielders and forwards. Although U12 soccer players have an appropriate body composition and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, there are differences between the different field positions that should be assessed by coaches, doctors, and nutritionists/dietitians., This research received no external funding. G.S.-S. was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU grant (FPU16/02339). I.C.-C. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University (DOC_00587/2020).

Fermentation of orange juice (OJ) by Pichia kluyveri enhances the content of melatonin, a molecule with potent antioxidant effect. This study explores the levels of urine 6- sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT) in healthy subjects after fermented orange juice (FOJ) intake, and their association with antioxidant activity status. Nine participants ingested 500 mL of FOJ and their urine was collected at baseline and after 2, 5, 10, 15 and 24 h. After a two-week washout period, the intervention was repeated with OJ. 6-SMT levels were quantified by ELISA and antioxidant activity by TAC, FRAP and ORAC assays. A significant increase in both 6-SMT levels and antioxidant activity in urine was observed after FOJ ingestion compared to OJ. A positive correlation between TAC and 6-SMT levels was observed only after FOJ intake. This study shows for the first time that fermentation process increases melatonin bioavailability of OJ associated with an enhancement in antioxidant status., This research was funded by the Andalusian Government [project P09-AGR4814M] and the PAIDI Program from the Andalusian Government [CTS160, BIO311]. I.C.-C. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University [DOC_00587/2020]. G.S.-S. was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte [FPU16/02339]. N.A.-S. was supported by a fellowship from the National Net RETICEF for Aging Studies [RD12/0043/0012 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación]., Peer reviewed

Background: Recently, the study of hydrolysates from food proteins has been increasingly due to their wide range of biological activities. Hydrolysates contain peptides of 2–20 amino acids that are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein, but, once released after proteolytic processes, they exert numerous beneficial health effects. Hemp, the non-drug variety of Cannabis sativa, is known as an important source of bioactive peptides due to the high quality of hempseeds protein (20–25%) and well-balanced amino acid profile. For this reason, during the last decade, numerous investigations have searched to elucidate the beneficial effects on the health of these hempseed protein hydrolysates. Scope and approach: The aim of this review was to collect all the scientific evidence on the demonstrated beneficial effects of hempseed protein hydrolysates (HHs). Key findings and conclusions: HHs have showed to possess antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering capacities in vitro systems. All these effects have pointed out HHs as future ingredient for the development of functional foods or dietary supplements useful for the prevention of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes or hypertension. However, few studies have evaluated the in vivo effects of HHs. For this reason, further studies carried out in animal models or human are necessary to better exploit the use of HHs for the development of new dietary supplements., I.C.-C. was supported by the VI Program of Inner Initiative for Re- search and Transfer of the University of Seville (VIPPIT-2020-II.4) and by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University (DOC_00587/2020). G.S.-S. was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU16/02339) and by an Erasmus+ Mobility Programme. A.I.A.-L. was funded by Andalusian Government Ministry of Health (PI-0136-2019). E.P.-E. was supported by the VI Pro- gram of Inner Initiative for Research and Transfer of University of Seville., Peer reviewed

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) is one of the most promising sources of plant proteins. It contains approximately 24% (w/w) protein, and edestin accounts for approximately 60–80% (w/w) of its total proteins. In a framework of research aimed at fostering the proteins recovered from the press cake by-products generated after the extraction of hempseed oil, two hempseed protein hydrolysates (HH1 and HH2) were produced at an industrial level using a mixture of different enzymes from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Bacillus licheniformis for different times (5 h and 18 h). Using a combination of different direct antioxidant tests (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and ORAC assays, respectively), it has been demonstrated that HHs exert potent, direct antioxidant activity. A crucial feature of bioactive peptides is their intestinal bioavailability; for this reason, in order to solve this peculiar issue, the ability of HH peptides to be transported by differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells has been evaluated. Notably, by using mass spectrometry analysis (HPLC Chip ESI-MS/MS), the stable peptides transported by intestinal cells have been identified, and dedicated experiments confirmed that the trans-epithelial transported HH peptide mixtures retain their antioxidant activity, suggesting that these hempseed hydrolysates may be considered sustainable antioxidant ingredients to be exploited for further application, i.e., nutraceutical and/or food industries., Supported by the Fondazione Cariplo, project SUPER-HEMP: Sustainable Process for Enhanced Recovery of Hempseed Oil. I.C.-C. was supported by the VI Program of Inner Initiative for Research and Transfer of the University of Seville (VIPPIT-2020-II.4) and by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University (DOC_00587/2020). G.S.-S. was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU16/02339), and by an Erasmus and Mobility Programme., Peer reviewed

11 Páginas.-- 6 Figuras.-- 3 Tablas, Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases like
Parkinson¿s and Alzheimer¿s. Studies indicate the relationship between
oxidative stress and the brain damage caused by a high-fat diet. It is
previously found that a lupin protein hydrolysate (LPH) has antioxidant effects
on human leukocytes, as well as on the plasma and liver of Western diet
(WD)-fed ApoE¿/¿ mice. Additionally, LPH shows anxiolytic effects in these
mice. Given the connection between oxidative stress and anxiety, this study
aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of LPH on the brain of WD-fed
ApoE¿/¿ mice. LPH (100 mg kg¿1) or a vehicle is administered daily for 12
weeks. Peptide analysis of LPH identified 101 amino acid sequences (36.33%)
with antioxidant motifs. Treatment with LPH palliated the decrease in total
antioxidant activity caused by WD ingestion and regulated the nitric oxide
synthesis pathway in the brain of the animals. Furthermore, LPH increased
cerebral glutathione levels and the activity of catalase and glutathione
reductase antioxidant enzymes and reduced the 8-hydroxy-2¿-deoxyguanosine
levels, a DNA damage marker. These findings, for the first time, highlight the
antioxidant activity of LPH in the brain. This hydrolysate could potentially be
used in future nutraceutical therapies for neurodegenerative diseases., The authors thank the staff from the IBiS Animal Facility for their valuable assistance. This research was funded by the Andalusian Government Ministry of Health PC-0111-2016-0111, PEMP-0085-2020 (co-financed with FEDER funds, call Resolution of 7 July 2021 of the General Secretary for Research, Development and Innovation in Health, which calls for grants to finance research, development and innovation in biomedicine and health sciences in Andalusia by 2021) and the PAIDI Program from the Andalusian Government [CTS160]. G.S.-S. was supported by FPU grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, [FPU16/02339]. I.C.-C. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University [DOC_00587/2020]. A.I.A.-L. was funded by the Andalusian Government Ministry of Health [PI-0136-2019]. E.P.-E. was supported by the VI Program of Inner Initiative for Research and Transfer of the University of Seville [VI PPIT-US]. The experiments were performed under the Spanish legislation and the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments and were approved by the Virgen Macarena and Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals ethical committee (reference 21/06/2016/105).

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., MOMAST® is a patented natural phenolic complex, rich in tyrosol (9.0 g/kg, Tyr), hydroxityrosol (43,5 g/kg, OH-Tyr), and verbascoside (5.0 g/Kg), which is obtained from the OVW by-product of the Coratina cultivar with potent direct antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively). Indeed, MOMAST® represents an innovative sustainable bioactive ingredient which has been obtained with ethical and empowering behavior by applying the principles of a circular economy. In the framework of research aimed at fostering its health-promoting activity, in this study it was clearly demonstrated that MOMAST® treatment reduced the oxidative stress and levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and increased the HDL levels, without changes in the triglyceride (TG) levels in Western diet (WD)-fed mice. The modulation of the plasmatic lipid profile is similar to red yeast rice (RYR) containing Monacolin K (3%). In addition, at the molecular level in liver homogenates, similarly to RYR, MOMAST® exerts cholesterol-lowering activity through the activation of LDL receptor, whereas, unlike RYR, MOMAST® reduces proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) protein levels via hepatic nuclear factor 1 (HNF1)-α activation. Hence, this study provides the proof of concept regarding the hypocholesterolemic activity of MOMAST, which could be successfully exploited as an active ingredient for the development of innovative and sustainable dietary supplements and functional foods., This research was funded by Bioenutra S.R.L. (Ginosa (TA) Italy) and Fundación de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla-FIUS (4588/0401). G.S.-S. was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU16/02339). E.P.-E. was supported by the VI Program of Inner Initiative for Research and Transfer of University of Seville (VI PPIT-US). I.C.-C. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University (DOC_00587/2020)., Peer reviewed

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., MOMAST® is a patented natural phenolic complex, rich in tyrosol (9.0 g/kg, Tyr), hydroxityrosol (43,5 g/kg, OH-Tyr), and verbascoside (5.0 g/Kg), which is obtained from the OVW by-product of the Coratina cultivar with potent direct antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively). Indeed, MOMAST® represents an innovative sustainable bioactive ingredient which has been obtained with ethical and empowering behavior by applying the principles of a circular economy. In the framework of research aimed at fostering its health-promoting activity, in this study it was clearly demonstrated that MOMAST® treatment reduced the oxidative stress and levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and increased the HDL levels, without changes in the triglyceride (TG) levels in Western diet (WD)-fed mice. The modulation of the plasmatic lipid profile is similar to red yeast rice (RYR) containing Monacolin K (3%). In addition, at the molecular level in liver homogenates, similarly to RYR, MOMAST® exerts cholesterol-lowering activity through the activation of LDL receptor, whereas, unlike RYR, MOMAST® reduces proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) protein levels via hepatic nuclear factor 1 (HNF1)-α activation. Hence, this study provides the proof of concept regarding the hypocholesterolemic activity of MOMAST, which could be successfully exploited as an active ingredient for the development of innovative and sustainable dietary supplements and functional foods., This research was funded by Bioenutra S.R.L. (Ginosa (TA) Italy) and Fundación de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla-FIUS (4588/0401). G.S.-S. was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU16/02339). E.P.-E. was supported by the VI Program of Inner Initiative for Research and Transfer of University of Seville (VI PPIT-US). I.C.-C. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University (DOC_00587/2020)., Peer reviewed

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of mortality and disease burden. Statins are the most prescribed lipid-lowering drugs to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent CVDs. The biochemical mechanism of statins consists of competitive inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme (HMG-CoAR), the limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Due to statin intolerance in some patient groups, the search for new inhibitors is a field of great interest. This review focusses on the studies reporting the inhibitory effect of protein hydrolysates and biopeptides on the HMG-CoAR enzyme activity. The analysis of the action mechanism and physicochemical characteristics of the HMG-CoAR inhibitory peptides revealed that the molecular weight, amino acid composition, charge, and polarity are key aspects of the interaction with the HMG-CoAR enzyme. In conclusion, this review reveals the potential of using food peptides as new cholesterol-lowering agents and opens a new interesting field of research. However, clinical approaches are mandatory to confirm their therapeutic hypercholesterolemic effect., This research was funded by Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía (PC-0111-2016-0111) and PEMP-0085-2020 (cofinanciado con fondos FEDER, convocatoria Resolución de 7 de julio de 2021 de la Secretaría General de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Salud, que convoca subvenciones para financiar la investigación, el desarrollo y la innovación en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud en Andalucía, para 2021), and the Programa PAIDI from the Junta de Andalucía (CTS160). G.S.S. was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU16/02339). I.C.C. was supported by the VI Program of Inner Initiative for Research and Transfer of the University of Seville (VIPPIT-2020-II.4) and by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Andalusian Government Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Business, and University (DOC_00587/2020). A.I.A.L. was funded by Andalusian Government Ministry of Health (PI-0136-2019). E.P.E. was supported by the VI Program of Inner Initiative for Research and Transfer of University of Seville., Peer reviewed