BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

La correcta identificación de los materiales que conforman los bienes muebles del patrimonio científico-técnico y de las interacciones entre los mismos es necesaria para establecer estrategias de conservación eficaces con criterios de intervención adaptados. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio del estado de conservación, materiales y patologías de la colección de extintores del Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. Se ha realizado una base de datos con 56 extintores, documentando cada pieza, tipología y estado de conservación. Los análisis realizados en varias de ellas (por fluorescencia de rayos X y difracción de rayos X) han permitido identificar los materiales de los extintores, en algunos casos del contenido de los mismos, y establecer causas de degradación. En el caso de los extintores de espuma y de agua, se ha mostrado que el agente extintor es altamente corrosivo y ha causado daños severos a la pieza. En estos casos, resulta aconsejable eliminar el contenido si se quiere asegurar una correcta conservación de los extintores., A Antonio Sanz, jefe técnico del grupo SPV Sistemas. Al Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación por la financiación del proyecto COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) y a la Comunidad de Madrid y Fondos Estructurales y de Inversión Europeos por la financiación del proyecto TOP-HERITAGE CM (S2018/NMT_4372). A la Plataforma Temática Interdisciplinar “Patrimonio Abierto: Investigación y Sociedad” (PTI-PAIS) del CSIC por el apoyo profesional., Peer reviewed

Trabajo presentado a la Reunión Científica Las Comisiones de Monumentos y las Sociedades Arqueológicas como instrumentos para la construcción del pasado europeo, celebrada en Mérida los días 23 y 24 de noviembre de 2017., [ES]: En este texto intentamos responder a la pregunta que planteamos en el título. Para ello, además de ofrecer un panorama general del funcionamiento de las Comisiones Provinciales de Monumentos, estudiamos la posibilidad de vincularlas a los procesos que condujeron a que ciertos monumentos arqueológicos se hayan convertido en hitos visuales en el relato de la Historia nacional. El análisis nos ha llevado a concluir que tales procesos se han desarrollado ajenos al cauce oficial representado por dichas instituciones., [EN]: This text tries to answer the question giving title to the research. We do it by presenting a general scope of how Regional Committees for Monuments work and by studying the possibilityof binding them to the processes which made some archaeological monuments become visual hits in the account of our national History. The analysis led us to conclude that those processes were developed out of the official course marked by those institutions., Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco de los siguientes proyectos: el regional de I+D+i, Junta de Extremadura IB16212 (T. Tortosa) y los I+D+i HAR2017 (T. Tortosa) y HAR2016-76940-P (G. Mora)., Peer reviewed

Colour changes of cultural heritage objects can be related with degradation of materials, thus a proper colour monitoring system can be used to detect conservation problems. With this purpose, a monitoring methodology for cultural heritage preventive conservation based on tailored colour reference charts and image analysis is proposed.
Reference colour charts have been designed and tested for use in museums. Charts containing 64 colour patches have been printed using high-stability inks on 4 different substrates: Acid-free paper SkyLight, Acid-free paper covered with a propylene film, FOREX® and GlassPack. The stability has been studied by accelerated ageing in an UV chamber, and the harmlessness of the materials by Oddy Test. The final selection of material, laminated paper, is a balance between the colour change upon ageing and the performance in the Oddy Test. Using this material and the proposed design, colour change of copper and silver coupons has been assessed using images that are adjusted and calibrated by an adaptive calibration framework employing a given set of reference colours which homogenises the visual information in the supplied images. Thus, regardless of the camera of origin, any processed picture will deliver reliable information of the state of the colour in the metal surfaces at the moment it was taken.
Results demonstrate the adequacy of the approach and the design for colour calibration, so these charts can be used to monitor colour change of sensitive materials ¿metal coupons¿ using photographs. As colour change of reference metals is a consequence of corrosion by environmental factors this may be used as a measure of air quality in museum environments. This methodology can be used to design a low-cost preventive conservation tool, where colour change of metal coupons ¿or other reference materials¿ can be followed through image analysis of pictures taken periodically by conservators or visitors, introducing citizen science in the conservation strategy., The final testing of the methodology is being possible thanks to the Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (MUNCYT) and the Faculty of Chemistry of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, that have allowed us to display the reference charts in their scientific collections. Authors also acknowledge the support of TechnoHeritage network and the CSIC
Authors also acknowledge the support of TechnoHeritage network and the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform-OPEN HERITAGE: RESEARCH AND SOCIETY (PTI-PAIS). Thanks are due also to Dr. Elena Mesa, for her suggestions and support, and Ignacio García, from Once34, for his generous collaboration for the printing of the charts. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI), and Digital.CSIC for their help with the dataset deposit. This work has been funded by Comunidad de Madrid, European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund, project MIPAC-CM (Y2018/NMT-4913); and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and grant PRE2018-086667.

The study was carried out in two parts, the first concerned the characterisation of the objects in the MUNCYT collection. The different metals were characterised with XFR and their original coatings with FTIR. These data can be found in the folder "Characterisation of MUNCYT objects". The second part is about the application and evaluation of the 8 coatings described in the abstract on bare steel and brass coupons. These coatings were exposed to accelerated ageing (condensation and UVA radiation) for a total of 336 hours, with an interruption in the middle of the test. The performance of the coatings was therefore monitored at time 0, time 168 hours and 336 hours. The data of this part can be consulted in the folder "Coatings evaluation", where the subfolders corresponding to each analysis technique used during the different ageing times can be found.
All files are in open extensions such as .txt; .dpt and .xlsx and are protected by a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence., [EN] This is the experimental dataset used in the paper: Protective coatings on metals found in scientific-technical collections: the collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT). This data presents results on the protective properties of different coatings over metals -bare brass and steel- representative of those found in scientific-technical heritage collections. After a previous examination of several objects to characterise the metals and alloys in the collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT), an evaluation of protective coatings has been done. Specifically, Paraloid B-44, B-48, B-67, B-72, Incralac, Cosmolloid H80, double layer of B-72+H80 and shellac have been studied to make a first screening in order to select the most promising candidates for each case and determine the most appropriate methodology and key factors for the study. Coatings have been applied on clean metal surfaces and aged up to 336 hours, by cycles of UV light and water condensation at elevated temperatures. Changes in the aspect of the coupons has been assessed by visual examination, optical microscopy and colorimetric measurements. EIS has been used for a quantitative evaluation of the protective properties and FTIR to measure chemical changes of the layers, allowing to follow, understand and compare the behaviour of the different coatings and substrates upon artificial ageing., [ES] Este es el conjunto de datos experimentales utilizado en el artículo: Recubrimientos protectores sobre metales encontrados en colecciones científico-técnicas: la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de España (MUNCYT). Estos datos presentan resultados sobre las propiedades protectoras de diferentes recubrimientos sobre metales -bronce y acero- representativos de los encontrados en colecciones de patrimonio científico-técnico. Tras un examen previo de varios objetos para caracterizar los metales y aleaciones de la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (MUNCYT), se ha realizado una evaluación de los recubrimientos protectores. En concreto, se han estudiado Paraloid B-44, B-48, B-67, B-72, Incralac, Cosmolloid H80, doble capa de B-72+H80 y goma laca para realizar una primera criba con el fin de seleccionar los candidatos más prometedores para cada caso y determinar la metodología y factores clave más adecuados para el estudio. Los recubrimientos se han aplicado sobre superficies metálicas limpias y se han envejecido hasta 336 horas, mediante ciclos de luz UV y condensación de agua a temperaturas elevadas. Los cambios de aspecto de los cupones se han evaluado mediante examen visual, microscopía óptica y mediciones colorimétricas. Se ha utilizado EIS para una evaluación cuantitativa de las propiedades protectoras y FTIR para medir los cambios químicos de las capas, lo que ha permitido seguir, comprender y comparar el comportamiento de los diferentes recubrimientos y sustratos tras el envejecimiento artificial., This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and the predoctoral grant PRE2018-086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It is also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM programme (P2018/NMT-4372)., Peer reviewed

The experimental data used are classified in zip folders according to the results of the analyses carried out for the paper: thickness measurements, visual appearance, microscope photos, EIS data, Raman and climatic conditions used during the coating application and drying process. These folders are subdivided into others depending on the coating and/or ageing time carried out. It is recommended to read the paper beforehand in order to have a better understanding and location of the data. All files are in open extensions and are protected by a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence., [EN] This is the experimental dataset used in the paper: Testing protective coatings for metal conservation: the influence of the application method. This data presents results on the effect that methodology application variables can have on the protective capacity of the coatings. The influence of the thickness, number of layers and drying time of Paraloid B72, C80 microcrystalline wax and Incralac on bare steel coupons on the performance of the coatings has been evaluated with techniques such as: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a reflected light metallurgical microscope and electromagnetic induction thickness probe. It has been shown that the number of layers is not always proportional to the thickness of the coating and that after accelerated ageing, some coatings that had been left to dry for 14 days, have a better protective capacity than those that were left to dry for less time., [ES] Este es el conjunto de datos experimentales utilizado en el artículo: Pruebas de recubrimientos protectores para la conservación de metales: la influencia del método de aplicación. Estos datos presentan resultados sobre el efecto que las variables de aplicación de la metodología pueden tener en la capacidad protectora de los recubrimientos. Se ha evaluado la influencia del espesor, número de capas y tiempo de secado de Paraloid B72, cera microcristalina C80 e Incralac sobre cupones de acero desnudo en el comportamiento de los recubrimientos mediante técnicas como: espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS), microscopio metalúrgico de luz reflejada y sonda de espesores por inducción electromagnética. Se ha demostrado que el número de capas no siempre es proporcional al espesor del recubrimiento y que, tras un envejecimiento acelerado, algunos recubrimientos que se habían dejado secar durante 14 días, tienen una mejor capacidad protectora que los que se dejaron secar durante menos tiempo., This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and the predoctoral grant PRE2018-086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It is also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM programme (P2018/NMT-4372)., Peer reviewed

Materials such as wood, textiles, or plastics that are part of the exhibition system in museums are known to emit pollutants such as organic acids. Scientific and technical objects that include these materials in their composition can themselves be a potential source of emissions, which, together with inappropriate humidity and temperature conditions, can lead to corrosion of the metallic parts. In this work, we have studied the corrosivity of different locations in two venues of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT). Coupons of the most representative metals from the collection were placed in different showcases and rooms for 9 months. The corrosion of the coupons has been evaluated in terms of the rate of mass gain, colour changes and characterisation of the corrosion products. The results were correlated to the relative humidity and concentration of gaseous pollutants to determine which metals are most susceptible to corrosion. The results show that metal artefacts exposed in showcases have a higher risk of corrosion than those exposed directly in the room, and that some pollutants are emitted by the artefacts. The corrosivity of the museum environment is low for copper, brass, and aluminium in most locations; however, some placements present a higher aggressivity for steel and lead, due to the high humidity and the presence of organic acids., This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R), and the predoctoral grant PRE2018-086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It has also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM programme (P2018/NMT-4372)., Peer reviewed

The study and development of protective coatings for metallic heritage is a topic of continuous research, with the main objective of ensuring the protection of the object for as long as possible. The limitations imposed by conservation and restoration criteria, together with the diversity of factors involved, make metal protection an unresolved subject. In addition to the nature of the protective coating, different factors can influence its effectiveness, which may mean that one type of protection performs well in a certain environment or on one type of metal and not on another. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of the coatings used in the conservation of metallic heritage from the last decades to the present day. Studies carried out on coatings of the different families according to their nature/composition (waxes, acrylic resins, nitrocellulose lacquers, fluoropolymers, carboxylates, organosilanes compounds and other coatings) have been reviewed, considering the substrate, application, weathering and examination., This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017–89911-R) and the predoctoral grant PRE2018–086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It is also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM pro-gramme (P2018/NMT-4372).

This paper presents results on the protective properties of different coatings over metals representative of those found in scientific and technical heritage collections. An examination of several objects in the collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology have allowed the identification of brass and steel as the most representative metals, and the existence of coatings (mainly shellac and acrylic resins) applied for aesthetic and/or conservation purposes. Based on these findings, brass and steel coupons coated with Paraloid B-44, B-48, B-67, B-72, Incralac, Cosmolloid H80, B-72 + H80 double layer and shellac have been studied to carry out a first screening in order to select the most promising candidates and determine the most appropriate methodology and key factors for the study. Coatings have been aged up to 336 h using cycles of UV light and water condensation. The change in the aspect of the coupons has been assessed via visual examination, optical microscopy and colorimetric measurements, with B-44 and Incralac showing the least change. EIS has been used for a quantitative evaluation of the protective properties and FTIR to measure chemical changes experienced by some coatings, such as B-48 and B-67. These evaluations allowed us to follow, understand and compare the behaviour of the different coatings and substrates after artificial ageing., This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and the predoctoral grant PRE2018-086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It has also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM programme (P2018/NMT-4372).

The lack of a standardised methodology for the application of coatings on heritage metals can lead to non-comparable results. A careful and meaningful study requires considering the different application variables involved, especially in the preparation of the coupons. In this work, the effect that these application variables can have on the protective capacity of the coatings used has been studied. The influence of the thickness, number of layers and drying time (between layers and final) of Paraloid B-72, C80 microcrystalline wax and Incralac has been evaluated. Coatings have been applied on bare steel coupons, thickness measured with an induction probe, and subject to artificial ageing on UV light/water condensation cycles. The performance of the coatings has been studied by visual inspection and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Morphology of the layers has been characterised by optical microscopy and the composition of the corrosion products by Raman spectroscopy. Results show that the number of layers is not always proportional to the final thickness of the coating, and that drying time is a critical factor affecting the thickness and the protective properties of the coatings. After accelerated ageing, some coatings that had been left to dry for 14 days have a much better protective capacity than those that were left to dry for less time. Without taking into account these factors, performance measured can be wrong and comparison between materials misleading., Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agree‑ment with Springer Nature. This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and the predoctoral grant PRE2018086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It is also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM programme (P2018/NMT-4372)., Peer reviewed

The lack of a standardised methodology for the application of coatings on heritage metals can lead to non-comparable results. A careful and meaningful study requires considering the different application variables involved, especially in the preparation of the coupons. In this work, the effect that these application variables can have on the protective capacity of the coatings used has been studied. The influence of the thickness, number of layers and drying time (between layers and final) of Paraloid B-72, C80 microcrystalline wax and Incralac has been evaluated. Coatings have been applied on bare steel coupons, thickness measured with an induction probe, and subject to artificial ageing on UV light/water condensation cycles. The performance of the coatings has been studied by visual inspection and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Morphology of the layers has been characterised by optical microscopy and the composition of the corrosion products by Raman spectroscopy. Results show that the number of layers is not always proportional to the final thickness of the coating, and that drying time is a critical factor affecting the thickness and the protective properties of the coatings. After accelerated ageing, some coatings that had been left to dry for 14 days have a much better protective capacity than those that were left to dry for less time. Without taking into account these factors, performance measured can be wrong and comparison between materials misleading., Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agree‑ment with Springer Nature. This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and the predoctoral grant PRE2018086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It is also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM programme (P2018/NMT-4372).