BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Most interventions against obesity use information to persuade people to change their behavior, with moderate results. Because eating involves automatic routines, new approaches have emerged appealing to non-reflective cognitive processes. Through a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the impact of visual stimuli (positive and negative) on children's snack-choices at school. Results showed that the negative stimulus had no effect, while the positive stimulus increased the probability among girls of choosing a healthy snack. We also found that children with excess weight had a larger baseline probability of choosing the healthy snack than those without. We conclude that happy emojis, used to nudge non-reflective processes, can steer children towards healthy choices., This work was supported with funds from the Government of Navarra , Spain. Ariadna Garcia- Prado also acknowledges financial support from research projects ECO 2015-65408-R MINECO/ FEDER from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness , and PID 2019-104452RB-100 from the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain.

This paper investigates whether lockdown policies aggravated mental health problems of older populations (50 and over) in Europe during the first COVID-19 wave. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE COVID-19 questionnaire) and from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for 17 countries, we estimate the causal effect of lockdown policies on mental health by combining cross-country variability in the strictness of the policies with cross-individual variability in face-to-face contacts prior to the pandemic. We find that lockdown policies worsened insomnia, anxiety, and depression by 5, 7.2 and 5.1 percentage points, respectively. This effect was stronger for women and those aged between 50 and 65. Interestingly, lockdown policies notably damaged the mental health of healthy populations. We close with a discussion of lockdown policies targeted at individuals above 65 and/or with pre-existing conditions., We acknowledge financial support from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación), project PID2019-104452RB-I00, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional and Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, projects P18-RT-2135 and CV20-35470. Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CBUA.

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of low scores in a diverse Latin American population for two neuropsychological commonly used tests to evaluate executive functions and to compare the number of low scores obtained using normative data from a Spanish-speaking population from Latin America versus an English-speaking population from U.S.A. Healthy adults (N = 5402) were administered the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color-Word. Low scores on measures of executive functioning are common. Clinicians working with Spanish-speaking adults should take into account the higher probability of low scores on these measures to reduce false-positive diagnoses of cognitive deficits in an individual.

A growing literature shows that confinement policies used by governments to slow COVID-19 transmission have negative impacts on mental health, but the differential effects of individual policies on mental health remain poorly understood. We used data from the COVID-19 questionnaire of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which focuses on populations aged 50 and older, and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for 28 countries to estimate the effects of eight different confinement policies on three outcomes of mental health: insomnia, anxiety and depression. We applied robust machine learning methods to estimate the effects of interest. Our results indicate that closure of schools and public transportation, restrictions on domestic and international travel, and gathering restrictions did not worsen the mental health of older populations in Europe. In contrast, stay at home policies and workplace closures aggravated the three health outcomes analysed. Based on these findings, we close with a discussion of which policies should be implemented, intensified, or relaxed to control the spread of the virus without compromising the mental health of older populations., We acknowledge financial support from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación), project PID2019-104452RB-I00, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional y Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, projects P18-RT-2135 and UPO-FEDER-1263503.

El sistema sanitario público español está saturado. Como consecuencia de ello, los profesionales sanitarios
muestran síntomas de burnout o desgaste profesional, y la sanidad privada está creciendo más que
nunca. Con las numerosas huelgas del colectivo médico se ha revelado la necesidad de que mejoren sus
condiciones laborales y económicas, así como su frustración al no poder dedicar el tiempo y la calidad
necesaria a los pacientes. Ante esta situación, la respuesta institucional en la mayoría de las comunidades
autónomas ha sido suprimir la cláusula de exclusividad que garantizaba un sueldo mayor a cambio de la
plena dedicación de los médicos al sector público, pero manteniendo el pago extra. Promover la práctica
dual público-privada de los médicos permite que estos tengan más ingresos, pero plantea otras muchas
cuestiones que intentamos analizar en este artículo, en el que también discutimos sobre otras medidas
y reformas necesarias y urgentes, de mayor calado, que deberían ser abordadas por el gobierno para
revertir esta situación tan crítica de nuestro sistema sanitario., The Spanish public health system is overburdened. As a result, heath care professionals are showing symptoms of burnout, while private health services are expanding more than ever. As revealed by numerous strikes in recent years, health care professionals want better pay and work conditions and feel frustrated by their inability to give proper time and care to their patients. The institutional response from regional governments in Spain has been to remove the exclusivity clause that provided a salary bonus for physicians who worked entirely in the public sector; now all physicians receive this bonus, effectively promoting dual (public and private) practice. Although dual practice may increase the income of physicians and other health professionals, it poses several challenges that are analyzed in this paper. We also discuss alternative and more far-reaching policies that we believe should be implemented by the government in order to deal with the current crisis of the health system., Este trabajo ha recibido apoyo financiero de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), proyecto PID2019-104452RB-I00