An inverter-based microgrid is a small-scale power network governed by a distributed con-trol system. In this system, the nodes are the digital controllers of the power inverters,normally located at separate points within the microgrid. A relevant issue is that thesecontrollers operate at different frequencies due to inherent clock deviations in the localhardware oscillators. This paper evaluates the effects of these c lock deviations on the per-formance of microgrids equipped with inverters that emulate the operation of synchronousmachines. A systematic procedure is presented to derive steady-state expressions of theinverter active power and microgrid frequency as a function of clock drift rates. This pro-cedure is applied to swing and governor equations of the virtual synchronous generators,revealing the mechanism that allows clock drifts to be absorbed, making their presencenegligible. In addition, it allows recognising the controllers that should never be imple-mented in a distributed control system, since they cause an unsatisfactory behaviour thatcan even lead to a blackout in the microgrid. Therefore, the relevance of this study is theidenti¿cation of the control schemes that are most sensitive to clock drifts, which makesit easier to choose the most suitable control implementation for a particular application.Furthermore, technical guidelines are reported to help researchers on developing controlsolutions more robust to clock drifts. In this study, the theoretical results are validated byexperimental tests in a laboratory microgrid., This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innova-tion and Universities of Spain and by the European RegionalDevelopment Fund under project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., The number of electric vehicles connected to the grid is growing constantly due to environmental and regulatory issues. Conventionally these vehicles work as variable loads, although using them as distributed generators is a promising future functionality, known as vehicle to grid concept. Using vehicle to grid capacities to support the grid during voltage sags, emulating Low Voltage Ride Through protocols, have been studied extensively, also in the field of islanded microgrids based on power electronics converters. This work proposes a change of paradigm for low voltage islanded microgrids, where the network impedances are mainly resistive. Instead of injecting reactive currents during the sag, this work proposes the injection of unbalanced active currents with two main objectives. First, support the microgrid voltage prioritizing in the reduction of voltage unbalance to avoid over voltages in the less faulty phases. And second, collaborate in the active power injection with the distributed generators to supply the over currents that demands the system during short circuits which produce voltage sags. Selected simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control proposal., This publication is part of the project I + D + I RTI2018–100732 – B – C22, financed by MCIN / AEI / 10.13039 / 501000011033 and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa"., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This paper presents a real-time control strategy for electric-vehicle based microgrids to mitigate voltage sags in large parking lots. It is programmed into the digital processors of the battery chargers and consists on the injection of reactive current by both positive- and negative sequence components. As main characteristics, it should be noted that the control strategy can function correctly during both balanced and unbalanced voltage sags and is an economical solution since it does not require the inclusion of additional power converters to improve power quality. This study also looks at the ability to mitigate voltage sags based on the number of parked vehicles., This work is part of the project I+D+i RTI2018-100732-B-C22, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501000011033 and FEDER “Una manera de hacer
Europa (A way to make Europe)"., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Power Electronics and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library., The design of the control system in an inverter-based microgrid is a challenging problem due to the large number of parameters involved. Different optimisation methods based on obtaining an approximated mathematical model of the microgrid can be found in the literature. In these approaches, the non-linearities and uncertainties of the real system are typically not considered, which may result in a non-optimal tuning of the control parameters. In addition, in most applications, the problem has been simplified assuming that all controllers have the same value for their control parameters. However, in this case, the behaviour of the system is sub-optimal since the particularities of each node of the microgrid are not taken into account. In this paper, an experimental approach for tuning the control parameters of an inverter-based microgrid is introduced. The approach is based on the methodology of design of experiments and it considers different values for the control parameters of all controllers. In this study, this methodology is applied to the design of a droop-free control scheme; however, it can be easily extended to other control schemes. The validity of the proposal is verified through selected experimental results., This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain and by the European Regional Development Fund under project RTI2018- 100732- B-C22., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., The aim of this paper is to develop a novel distributed direct power sliding-mode control for an islanded AC microgrid. This solution replaces the droop mechanism of each inverter with two separate sliding surfaces working as primary/secondary controllers. The design of these surfaces is based on the dynamic model of the active and reactive powers to enhance the robustness against line impedance mismatches. Moreover, a theoretical stability analysis is presented. The main features of this proposed control are: first, regulate the voltage and frequency achieving an accurate active and reactive power sharing; second, achieve stability under a wide range of line impedances; and third provide robustness toward external disturbances, including communication failures. Finally, the experimental results verify the controller performance, the stability with different line impedances, and the robustness against communication partitions., This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain and by the European Regional Development Fund under project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This paper presents a control scheme in the stationary reference frame for Static Synchronous Compensators that provides three features: 1) regulation of the positive sequence voltage to the nominal value, 2) full cancellation of the negative sequence voltage, and 3) peak limitation of the injected currents. These features can help improving the performance of these devices under perturbed grid conditions, including low, high and unbalanced voltages. Also, the peak current limiter guarantees both the safe operation of the converter, and a priority-based achievement of the voltage regulation targets, which is of interest during severe perturbations like voltage dips. Experimental results, implementation details and closed-loop analysis are presented to validate the regulation capabilities and to demonstrate the feasibility of the power quality improvement., This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain and in part by the European Regional Development Fund under Project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., In islanded AC microgrids, when multiple voltage source inverters (VSIs) operate in parallel, it is challenging to simultaneously obtain both accurate complex (active and reactive) power sharing and voltage regulation (in terms of frequency and amplitude). State-of-the-art strategies that target these two objectives often rely on hierarchical primary droop plus communication-based both secondary controls and adaptive virtual impedance methods. However, control dynamics and/or accuracy are still affected by inverters line impedances mismatches. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents for balanced AC microgrids a distributed control strategy that simultaneously guarantees both voltage regulation and accurate power sharing. The distributed strategy is based on having at each VSI a single controller that merges two control loops that can be designed in isolation, thus decoupling the design of the power sharing control from the design of the voltage control. The cooperative operation of all VSI controllers, that requires exchanging control data over a communication network, ensures meeting both control objectives with independence of the line impedance mismatches or the connection and disconnection of inverters and loads. And these properties are achieved without changing the controller structure and (easy-to-tune) parameters nor increasing the control effort. Experimental results corroborate the control proposal., This work was partially supported by I+D+i RTI2018-100732-B-C22 re-search project, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501000011033 and FEDER“Una manera de hacer Europa”., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Power Electronics and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library., During voltage sags, distributed generation systems must fulfil specific grid-code requirements for reactive current injection. This ancillary service can produce overvoltage problems in networks operating in unbalanced conditions when the amplitude of one of the phase voltages is higher than the others and a balanced reactive current is injected through large grid impedance. This study proposes a control scheme to avoid these overvoltage problems, thus reducing the risk of cascade disconnection that this incident may produce. The derivation of the control scheme starts from the flexible oscillating-power control, introduces the necessary modifications so that this control meets the grid-code requirements for current injection and combines it with a slope voltage control to achieve a good voltage regulation. A theoretical analysis is included to determine the expressions that quantify the voltage support characteristics of the proposal. Finally, selected experimental results are reported to validate the characteristics of the proposed control., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

An inverter-based microgrid is a small-scale power network governed by a distributed con-trol system. In this system, the nodes are the digital controllers of the power inverters,normally located at separate points within the microgrid. A relevant issue is that thesecontrollers operate at different frequencies due to inherent clock deviations in the localhardware oscillators. This paper evaluates the effects of these c lock deviations on the per-formance of microgrids equipped with inverters that emulate the operation of synchronousmachines. A systematic procedure is presented to derive steady-state expressions of theinverter active power and microgrid frequency as a function of clock drift rates. This pro-cedure is applied to swing and governor equations of the virtual synchronous generators,revealing the mechanism that allows clock drifts to be absorbed, making their presencenegligible. In addition, it allows recognising the controllers that should never be imple-mented in a distributed control system, since they cause an unsatisfactory behaviour thatcan even lead to a blackout in the microgrid. Therefore, the relevance of this study is theidenti¿cation of the control schemes that are most sensitive to clock drifts, which makesit easier to choose the most suitable control implementation for a particular application.Furthermore, technical guidelines are reported to help researchers on developing controlsolutions more robust to clock drifts. In this study, the theoretical results are validated byexperimental tests in a laboratory microgrid., This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innova-tion and Universities of Spain and by the European RegionalDevelopment Fund under project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., During grid faults, the stability and reliability of the network are compromised, and the risk of a widespread disconnection of distributed generation power facilities is increased. Distributed generation inverters must support the power system to prevent this issue. Voltage support depends substantially on the currents injected into the grid and the equivalent grid impedance. This paper considers these two aspects and proposes an optimal voltage-support strategy in RL grids. The control algorithm guarantees a safe operation of the inverter during voltage sags by calculating the appropriate reference currents according to the equivalent impedance and the voltage sag characteristics, avoiding active power oscillations, and limiting the injected current to the maximum allowed by the inverter. Consequently, the grid can be better supported since the voltage at the point of common coupling is improved and the voltage support objectives are achieved. The proposed control strategy is validated through experimental tests in different grid scenarios. Throughout the work, it is assumed that the grid impedance is known, but the proposed solution requires calculating the grid impedance angle., Peer Reviewed

©2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., Voltage imbalances are one of the most severe challenges in electrical networks, which negatively affect their loads and other connected equipment. This paper proposes a voltage support control strategy to mitigate the voltage imbalance in inverter-based low voltage distribution networks. The control scheme is derived taking in mind the following control objectives: a) to increase the positive sequence voltage as much as possible, b) to decrease the negative sequence voltage as much as possible, c) to inject the power generated by the primary source, and d) to minimize the output current of the inverter. The innovative contribution of the proposed solution is based on the design of a control algorithm that meets the aforementioned objectives without resorting to communications with other grid components. The theoretical results are experimentally validated by selected tests on a laboratory setup with X/R ratio close to one., This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and in part by the European Regional Development Fund under Project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including
reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse
of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., This paper presents a control scheme that simultaneously solves the problems of negative-sequence voltage compensation and negative-sequence current sharing in grid-connected microgrids using grid-feeding inverters. State-of-the-art schemes have previously solved these problems with low-performance control solutions or, alternatively, with high-performance solutions but paying the cost of high control-data traffic in the communication network. The proposed control scheme improves the performance of previous schemes for grid-feeding inverters with the following characteristics: 1) negative-sequence voltage compensation at any point of the microgrid, 2) accurate negativesequence current sharing, and 3) low control-data traffic. In terms of implementation, two key points of the proposed control scheme are: the voltage compensation is based on a band-pass filter with complex coefficients and the current sharing is reached only with local current measurements. In the theoretical analysis, the system model is based on transfer functions with complex coefficients. This fact facilitates the control design due to 1) the system model is linear in this complex domain and 2) the multiple-input singleoutput model can be represented as a single-input single-output model for voltage compensation. The characteristics of the proposed control are validated by means of experimental results measured in a laboratory microgrid., This work is part of the project I+D+I RTI2018-1000732-B-C22, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501000011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”., Peer Reviewed

This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Power Electronics and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library., The design of the control system in an inverter-based microgrid is a challenging problem due to the large number of parameters involved. Different optimisation methods based on obtaining an approximated mathematical model of the microgrid can be found in the literature. In these approaches, the non-linearities and uncertainties of the real system are typically not considered, which may result in a non-optimal tuning of the control parameters. In addition, in most applications, the problem has been simplified assuming that all controllers have the same value for their control parameters. However, in this case, the behaviour of the system is sub-optimal since the particularities of each node of the microgrid are not taken into account. In this paper, an experimental approach for tuning the control parameters of an inverter-based microgrid is introduced. The approach is based on the methodology of design of experiments and it considers different values for the control parameters of all controllers. In this study, this methodology is applied to the design of a droop-free control scheme; however, it can be easily extended to other control schemes. The validity of the proposal is verified through selected experimental results., This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain and by the European Regional Development Fund under project RTI2018- 100732- B-C22., Peer Reviewed

This paper presents a real-time control strategy for electric-vehicle based microgrids to mitigate voltage sags in large parking lots. It is programmed into the digital processors of the battery chargers and consists on the injection of reactive current by both positive- and negative sequence components. As main characteristics, it should be noted that the control strategy can function correctly during both balanced and unbalanced voltage sags and is an economical solution since it does not require the inclusion of additional power converters to improve power quality. This study also looks at the ability to mitigate voltage sags based on the number of parked vehicles., This work is part of the project I+D+i RTI2018-100732-B-C22, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501000011033 and FEDER “Una manera de hacer
Europa (A way to make Europe)"., Peer Reviewed

This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Power Electronics and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library., During voltage sags, distributed generation systems must fulfil specific grid-code requirements for reactive current injection. This ancillary service can produce overvoltage problems in networks operating in unbalanced conditions when the amplitude of one of the phase voltages is higher than the others and a balanced reactive current is injected through large grid impedance. This study proposes a control scheme to avoid these overvoltage problems, thus reducing the risk of cascade disconnection that this incident may produce. The derivation of the control scheme starts from the flexible oscillating-power control, introduces the necessary modifications so that this control meets the grid-code requirements for current injection and combines it with a slope voltage control to achieve a good voltage regulation. A theoretical analysis is included to determine the expressions that quantify the voltage support characteristics of the proposal. Finally, selected experimental results are reported to validate the characteristics of the proposed control., Peer Reviewed

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., The number of electric vehicles connected to the grid is growing constantly due to environmental and regulatory issues. Conventionally these vehicles work as variable loads, although using them as distributed generators is a promising future functionality, known as vehicle to grid concept. Using vehicle to grid capacities to support the grid during voltage sags, emulating Low Voltage Ride Through protocols, have been studied extensively, also in the field of islanded microgrids based on power electronics converters. This work proposes a change of paradigm for low voltage islanded microgrids, where the network impedances are mainly resistive. Instead of injecting reactive currents during the sag, this work proposes the injection of unbalanced active currents with two main objectives. First, support the microgrid voltage prioritizing in the reduction of voltage unbalance to avoid over voltages in the less faulty phases. And second, collaborate in the active power injection with the distributed generators to supply the over currents that demands the system during short circuits which produce voltage sags. Selected simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control proposal., This publication is part of the project I + D + I RTI2018–100732 – B – C22, financed by MCIN / AEI / 10.13039 / 501000011033 and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa"., Peer Reviewed

This paper presents a control scheme in the stationary reference frame for Static Synchronous Compensators that provides three features: 1) regulation of the positive sequence voltage to the nominal value, 2) full cancellation of the negative sequence voltage, and 3) peak limitation of the injected currents. These features can help improving the performance of these devices under perturbed grid conditions, including low, high and unbalanced voltages. Also, the peak current limiter guarantees both the safe operation of the converter, and a priority-based achievement of the voltage regulation targets, which is of interest during severe perturbations like voltage dips. Experimental results, implementation details and closed-loop analysis are presented to validate the regulation capabilities and to demonstrate the feasibility of the power quality improvement., This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain and in part by the European Regional Development Fund under Project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., In islanded AC microgrids, when multiple voltage source inverters (VSIs) operate in parallel, it is challenging to simultaneously obtain both accurate complex (active and reactive) power sharing and voltage regulation (in terms of frequency and amplitude). State-of-the-art strategies that target these two objectives often rely on hierarchical primary droop plus communication-based both secondary controls and adaptive virtual impedance methods. However, control dynamics and/or accuracy are still affected by inverters line impedances mismatches. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents for balanced AC microgrids a distributed control strategy that simultaneously guarantees both voltage regulation and accurate power sharing. The distributed strategy is based on having at each VSI a single controller that merges two control loops that can be designed in isolation, thus decoupling the design of the power sharing control from the design of the voltage control. The cooperative operation of all VSI controllers, that requires exchanging control data over a communication network, ensures meeting both control objectives with independence of the line impedance mismatches or the connection and disconnection of inverters and loads. And these properties are achieved without changing the controller structure and (easy-to-tune) parameters nor increasing the control effort. Experimental results corroborate the control proposal., This work was partially supported by I+D+i RTI2018-100732-B-C22 re-search project, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501000011033 and FEDER“Una manera de hacer Europa”., Peer Reviewed

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., The aim of this paper is to develop a novel distributed direct power sliding-mode control for an islanded AC microgrid. This solution replaces the droop mechanism of each inverter with two separate sliding surfaces working as primary/secondary controllers. The design of these surfaces is based on the dynamic model of the active and reactive powers to enhance the robustness against line impedance mismatches. Moreover, a theoretical stability analysis is presented. The main features of this proposed control are: first, regulate the voltage and frequency achieving an accurate active and reactive power sharing; second, achieve stability under a wide range of line impedances; and third provide robustness toward external disturbances, including communication failures. Finally, the experimental results verify the controller performance, the stability with different line impedances, and the robustness against communication partitions., This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain and by the European Regional Development Fund under project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including
reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse
of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., This paper presents a control scheme that simultaneously solves the problems of negative-sequence voltage compensation and negative-sequence current sharing in grid-connected microgrids using grid-feeding inverters. State-of-the-art schemes have previously solved these problems with low-performance control solutions or, alternatively, with high-performance solutions but paying the cost of high control-data traffic in the communication network. The proposed control scheme improves the performance of previous schemes for grid-feeding inverters with the following characteristics: 1) negative-sequence voltage compensation at any point of the microgrid, 2) accurate negativesequence current sharing, and 3) low control-data traffic. In terms of implementation, two key points of the proposed control scheme are: the voltage compensation is based on a band-pass filter with complex coefficients and the current sharing is reached only with local current measurements. In the theoretical analysis, the system model is based on transfer functions with complex coefficients. This fact facilitates the control design due to 1) the system model is linear in this complex domain and 2) the multiple-input singleoutput model can be represented as a single-input single-output model for voltage compensation. The characteristics of the proposed control are validated by means of experimental results measured in a laboratory microgrid., This work is part of the project I+D+I RTI2018-1000732-B-C22, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501000011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

©2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., Voltage imbalances are one of the most severe challenges in electrical networks, which negatively affect their loads and other connected equipment. This paper proposes a voltage support control strategy to mitigate the voltage imbalance in inverter-based low voltage distribution networks. The control scheme is derived taking in mind the following control objectives: a) to increase the positive sequence voltage as much as possible, b) to decrease the negative sequence voltage as much as possible, c) to inject the power generated by the primary source, and d) to minimize the output current of the inverter. The innovative contribution of the proposed solution is based on the design of a control algorithm that meets the aforementioned objectives without resorting to communications with other grid components. The theoretical results are experimentally validated by selected tests on a laboratory setup with X/R ratio close to one., This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and in part by the European Regional Development Fund under Project RTI2018-100732-B-C22., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., During grid faults, the stability and reliability of the network are compromised, and the risk of a widespread disconnection of distributed generation power facilities is increased. Distributed generation inverters must support the power system to prevent this issue. Voltage support depends substantially on the currents injected into the grid and the equivalent grid impedance. This paper considers these two aspects and proposes an optimal voltage-support strategy in RL grids. The control algorithm guarantees a safe operation of the inverter during voltage sags by calculating the appropriate reference currents according to the equivalent impedance and the voltage sag characteristics, avoiding active power oscillations, and limiting the injected current to the maximum allowed by the inverter. Consequently, the grid can be better supported since the voltage at the point of common coupling is improved and the voltage support objectives are achieved. The proposed control strategy is validated through experimental tests in different grid scenarios. Throughout the work, it is assumed that the grid impedance is known, but the proposed solution requires calculating the grid impedance angle., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This dataset is about the experimental results obtained and published in the article by authors Iván Patrao, Raul González-Medina, Gabriel Garcerá and Emilio Figueres Amorós, "An Algorithm for Emulating Photovoltaic Strings With Dynamic Partial Shadowing Capability: A Practical Study". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 17, pp. 61 - 69. 2023. ISSN 1932-4529. DOI: 10.1109/MIE.2022.3151017

In this paper a low computational cost algorithm for emulating PV strings with dynamic partial shadowing capability is presented, suitable for microcontroller-based emulators. It is based on the emulator proposed in reference [16]. The developed algorithm rebuilds the I-V curve of the whole string on-the-fly, according to an irradiance and temperature time-varying profile for each panel.