BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Greenhouse gases from industrial activities have become a global problem. Emissions management is being developed to raise awareness of the importance of controlling pollution in general and atmospheric emissions in particular. In 2017, the deficit of the rights of issuance in the industrial sectors increased up to 8.3% (verified emissions in 2017 versus allocation in 2017). This trend will increase more at the end of Phase III due to a progressive reduction in allocation. Phase IV will be much more restrictive in allocating emission rights than Phase III. The extra cost of this deficit reinforces the need for industry in general to reduce CO2 and for the paper industry to reduce GHG emissions and generate credits. Old factories are typically identified as sources of pollution in addition to being inefficient compared to new factories. This article discusses the possibilities of-fered by maintenance actions, whose integration into a process can successfully reduce the environmental impact of industrial plants, particularly by reducing the CO2 equivalent emissions (CO2-eq units henceforth CO2) they produce. This case study analyzes the integration of maintenance rules that enable significant thermal energy savings and consequently CO2 emissions reduction associ-ated with papermaking. Managing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as the amount of cold water added to the boiler circuit and the conditions of the air blown into the dryer section hood, can be used as indicators of CO2 emissions generated. The control of the water and temperature reduces these emissions. A defined measure—in this case, t CO2/t Paper—indicates an achievement of a 21% reduction in emissions over the past 8 years., The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for supporting through RTI2018-102215-B-I00 project.

This paper analyzes the efficiency and sustainability of facing operations that are required within maintenance operations in the aeronautical industry. Due to the elevated cost and environmental impact of such processes, reducing the operating time while repairing parts is required. In this work, an experimental study of intermittent facing carried out on a magnesium alloy rod was developed. The experiment resembles real repair and maintenance machining operations, where an intermittent facing represents a more realistic scenario and where the results obtained in continuous turning studies are not always applicable. The work was performed with different cooling and lubrication systems and various cutting conditions, also considering the size of the interruption to analyze their impact in the surface roughness. To this end, surface finished in different measuring zones was studied. The aims of the study are to get a better understanding of the intermittent facing process in magnesium alloys typically employed in aeronautical applications and find the most efficient cutting parameters to obtain an improved surface under the safest and most environmentally respectful conditions., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RTI2018-102215-B-I00, UNED | Ref. REF2021-ICF04

In cutting operations of titanium alloys, most of the problems are related to the high consumption of cutting tools due to excessive wear. An improvement of metalworking fluid (MWF) technology would increase the productivity, sustainability, and quality of machining processes by lubricating and cooling. In this research article, the authors varied the surfactant’s charge, the hydrocarbon chain length, and the ethoxylation degree. Surfactants were dispersed at 1.2 mM in water and trimethylolpropane oleate to produce water-based MWF. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and total organic carbon analysis were used to study the influence of surfactant structure on the film forming ability of the emulsion and performance was studied on Ti6Al4V using tapping torque test. The results showed that by changing the molecular structure of the surfactant, it is possible to vary the affinity between the ester and the substrate and reach an optimal combination, which improves the formation of a tribofilm. The mixture with anionic surfactants has good tribology performance, while non-ionic surfactants shorten the tool’s life. Moreover, the increase in the hydrocarbon chain length and the number of ethoxylations of surfactants promotes the adhesion of ester onto the metal surface, improving the lubricity properties of environmentally friendly MWF., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RTI2018-102215-B-I00, UNED | Ref. REF2020-ICF04

Lastly the use of basalt fibre as reinforcement in organic matrix composites has had a particular attention. Applications in products intended for industry or for final consumer have been increased. The good thermal and mechanical proprieties in environmental typical and extremes conditions have facilitated such uses. Moreover, the development of cryogenic machining can contribute, as environmentally friendly process, in these materials because are support extremes temperatures. Thus, a systematic literature review has been carried out through PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. At first approximation, it has allowed to identify the main applications of this material, such as transport sector, in several products types (automobiles, drones, bicycles, among others). Few research groups dedicated to this field have been identified, and they are focused especially on the materials properties. Respect to machining processes, several works have been found and in all of them, the operations were executed in dry and at room temperature. Therefore, a new development is possible through the cryogenic machining in basalt fibre reinforced composites.