Resultados de investigación

The excel file includes three dataset: The phenotypic data assessed in individual seedlings in the progeny trials (traits: tree growth and survival) (Sheet: Offspring 1), the phenotypic data assessed in composited samples by plot in the progeny trials (traits: d13C, mono, sesqui and diterpenes) (Sheet: Offspring 2) and the phenotypic data assessed in the parental population in which seeds were collected for establishing the progeny trials (Traits: height, diameter, d13C, barck thickness, resin flow, non volatile resin in needles and branches, total polyphenolics in needles and branches) (Sheet: Parental). See more details of the datasets in the Readme sheet. Methodological details for the data can be consulted in the corresponding paper (Suárez-Vidal et al. 2020. Am. J. Bot.)., Persistence of tree populations in the face of global change relies on their capacity to respond to biotic and abiotic stressors through plastic or adaptive changes. Genetic adaptation will depend on the additive genetic variation within populations and the heritability of traits related to stress tolerance. Because traits can be genetically linked, selective pressure acting on one trait may lead to correlated responses in other traits. To test direct and correlated responses to selection for drought tolerance and growth in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.), we selected trees in a parental population for higher growth and greater water-use efficiency (WUE) and compared their offspring with that of random trees of the parental population in two contrasting common gardens. Direct responses to selection for growth and WUE, and correlated responses for growth and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors were estimated. We found a strong response to selection and high realized heritability for WUE, but no response to selection was found for growth. Correlated responses to selection in other life-history traits were not significant, except for concentration of chemical defences (mono and sesquiterpene) which was significantly greater in the offspring of mother trees selected for growth than in that of unselected control trees. The empirical evidence of direct responses to selection for high WUE suggests that P. halepensis have the potential to evolve in response to rising drought stress. Contrary to our expectations, the results are not conclusive of a potential negative impact of WUE and growth selection on other key life-history traits., Dataset was prepared upon founds of the grants AGL2015-68274-C03 (“Futurpine”, MINECO / FEDER / UE) and RTI2018-094691-B-C33 (“Resilpine”, MCIU / AEI / UE), subprojects 01-R, 02-R and 03-R., Peer reviewed

Los datos corresponden a un estudio a largo plazo en el metabolismo invernal del carbonero común (Parus major) en el norte de Finlandia a lo largo de 15 años. Comprobamos que la variación interanual en la tasa metabólica basal durante el invierno en individuos juveniles, depende no sólo de las condiciones ambientales durante el mismo inverno, sino también de las condiciones ambientales experimentadas durante el proceso de incubación, durante la época de cría anterior al invierno estudiado, Peer reviewed

This study was conducted during three consecutive breeding seasons (from 2009 to 2011), Ecophysiological studies have highlighted the relevance of the avian immune system in individual fitness prospects in the wild. However, studies on the ontogeny of avian immunity are scarce. We analyse age-related changes in the cellular constitutive immunity throughout nestling development, as well as its relationship with sex and brood size. We found that cellular constitutive immunity could be affected by age, sex, brood size or daily rhythm. Early-stage nestlings relied more on cells of the innate immunity rather than on cells linked to the adaptive immune system. Cellular immunity may not be fully mature in fledglings, as reflected by differences in phagocytic cell counts with regard to adults. Beyond the age-dependent effects, agranulocyte cell counts were affected by sibling competition while granulocyte cell counts showed a daily rhythm. We also show that the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was negatively related to body weight when nestlings become more independent. Our study contributes knowledge to the fields of developmental immunology and ecological immunology based on essential components of the cellular immune system., The project was funded by projects CGL2011-26318 to DG (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and PGC2018-099596-B-I00 to LP-R (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund -ERDF). JM was supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Juan de la Cierva Subprogram (FJCI-2017-34109), with the financial sponsorship of the MICINN. CV was supported by a contract from the program “Contratos Asociados a Proyectos de Investigación”, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. LP-R was supported by a postdoctoral contract for accessing the Spanish System of Science, Technology and Innovation (SECTI) from the University of Castilla-La Mancha., Peer reviewed

The data are organized into an .inp file, which includes data on the fates of Red kites (Milvus milvus) ringed as chicks in the nest in Doñana National and Natural Park. Each data column represents the capture history of each individual. Values of 1 indicate individuals observed to be alive. Values of zero indicate individuals that were either dead or not observed in a given year, This dataset incorporates data on the survival of Red kites (Milvus milvus) marked with PVC rings as chicks in the nest., Peer reviewed

It contains data collected in Guadix, Granada (southeast Spain) in 2019, in the framework of a research to evaluate the effects of chemical and auditory cues of hoopoes (Upupa epops) in repellence and attraction of blood-feeding flies. Dataset includes number of mosquitoes, blackflies and biting midges collected in insect traps in the field in four habitat types and two sampling periods, in relation to different chemical and auditory stimuli derived from nestlings of this bird species., Financial support was provided by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (CGL2017-89063-P, CGL2017-83103-P). GT was also supported by the Ramón y Cajal Programme. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)., Peer reviewed

Amphibian larvae are plastic organisms that can adjust their growth and developmental rates to local environmental conditions. The consequences of such developmental alterations have been studied in detail, both at the phenotypic and physiological levels. While largely unknown, it is of great importance to assess how developmental alterations affect the pigmentation pattern of the resulting metamorphs, because pigmentation is relevant for communication, mate choice, and camouflage and hence influences the overall fitness of the toads. Here we quantify the variation in several aspects of the pigmentation pattern of juvenile spadefoot toads experimentally induced to accelerate their larval development in response to decreased water level. It is known that induced developmental acceleration comes at the cost of reduced size at metamorphosis, higher metabolic rate, and increased oxidative stress. In this study, we show that spadefoot toads undergoing developmental acceleration metamorphosed with a less complex, more homogeneous, darker dorsal pattern consisting of continuous blotches, compared to the more contrasted pattern with segregated blotches and higher fractal dimension in normally developing individuals, and at a smaller size. We also observed a marked effect of population of origin in the complexity of the pigmentation pattern. Complexity of the post-metamorphic dorsal pigmentation could therefore be linked to pre-metamorphic larval growth and development., Peer reviewed

This is a contribution to the Initiative AFOC (Shape analysis of cephalopods' beaks; ICM-CSIC), F.Á.F.-Á. was supported by an Irish Research Council-Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship Award (Ref. GOIPD/2019/460). MF was contracted within the framework of the project CLIFISH (CTM2015-66400-C3-3-R, MINECO/FEDER), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and by the European Regional Development Fund. JN was funded by the Spanish National Program Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2015-17809). RV has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (OCTOSET project, RTI2018-097908-B-I00, MCIU/AEI/ FEDER, EU), With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Peer reviewed

Ten shots were fired offshore with charges between 500 and 1000 kg. Five land shot (lang quarry blasts) were fired in two points (G and P)., The ILIHA (Iberian Lithosphere Heterogeneity and Anisotropy) Project was designed to be a large-scale test for vertical and lateral heterogeneity and seismic anisotropy in the subcrustal lithosphere over the Variscan domain of the Iberian Peninsula. It consists of a star-shaped arrangement of six long-range deep seismic sounding profiles, acquired in 1989., ILIHA project, Contrat ST2P-0389-C; European Geotraverse (EGT); Stimulation programme of the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General XII; Swiss National Research Funds, No

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA., [EN] In Spanish farmland areas, the European rabbit can cause considerable crop damage. Tensions typically emerge between farmers who advocate rabbit reduction and hunters who wish healthy rabbit populations for shooting. In this study, we used in-depth interviews and small group discussions with farmers, hunters and representatives of the governmental environmental agencies to assess their positions in this conflict. Our results showed that this conflict is characterised by tensions between and within groups, and influenced by leadership, distrust and past decision-making issues, and differences in beliefs among groups. Positions of farmers and hunters are also relatively rigid, which may make difficult their engagement in collaborative processes. To be effective, such processes need that local leaders are empowered and likely also that external neutral mediators are involved., Our research was conducted in two study areas: Campiña Sur de Córdoba (CSC) in Andalusia, southern Spain, and Alt Camp de Tarragona (ACT) in Catalunya, northern Spain. CSC and ACT comprise 11 and 23 municipalities, respectively, the former being larger than the latter (1100 km2 vs. 538 Km2) and including more inhabitants (105,000 vs. 44,000 inhabitants). These areas were selected due to similarities in the global context regarding rabbit damage to crops. The presence of vineyards is notable in both areas and there is significant rabbit damage to vineyards in both., In this study, we used qualitative techniques to understand perspective and views of the main stakeholders involved: farmers, hunters, and people working for governmental agencies in charge of wildlife management. Participants were selected using contact information provided by key informants in both study areas (snow-ball sampling). The total number of participants was 55. We used personal interviews to gather the opinion of key informants; i.e. managers in relevant farming associations, game managers and people working for environmental agencies. To assess the opinion of “regular” hunters and farmers, we used small discussion groups with three or four participants. To avoid the risk that an “opinion leader” may dominate the conversation in a discussion group, the moderator managed this potential limitation through promoting the participation of the most reticent people., Interviews and small discussion groups were conducted between 15th October and 16th December 2015. We stopped data collection when we observed that no new key themes emerged with further data. Both the interviews and the small discussion groups were conducted in such a way that a space was created for the open expression of the positions and criteria of the interviewees, that is, in a non-directive and conversational manner. The interviews and small discussion groups were conducted following a script of issues to be addressed, but it was adapted to the characteristics of the participants and the own development of the interviews and discussion groups. The script addressed participants’ perceptions about rabbit populations and rabbit damage to crops both in the recent past and when the survey was done and their perceptions and opinions about rabbit management conducted in the study area. In addition, it also dealt with the relationships between stakeholders involved in the problems caused by rabbit damage to crops as well as with participants’ attitudes towards other collectives or groups. Participants were guaranteed the mutual confidentiality and anonymity of the opinions expressed. Their express consent was obtained for participation in this study, which was done in compliance with both the Spanish and European legislations in terms of data privacy (Spanish Organic Law 3/2018; European Regulation 2016/679). Interview duration ranged between 15 and 120 minutes, while groups ranged between 45 and 150 minutes. Both were digitally recorded and transcribed. Data from interviews and small groups were analyzed jointly since both addressed the same key issues and had the same informative and opinion nature. Data analysis consisted of reading iteratively each text to identify main ideas and topics, pursuing an understanding and sociological interpretation of the data, checking interpretations among co-authors to create added awareness of certain dimensions in the data, and thus to identify properly the main themes., In order to ensure full protection of participants’ privacy and compliance with Spanish law of data protection (i.e. Royal Decree-Law 5/2018, of July 27th, on urgent measures for adaptation of Spanish Law to European Union regulations on data privacy), raw data is not made publicly available. Instead, a summary of raw data is shown and the information is anonymized and those parts that could give rise to the recognition of any of the participants have been eliminated, thus respecting confidentiality, [ES] En las zonas agrícolas españolas, el conejo europeo puede causar daños considerables a los cultivos. Las tensiones suelen surgir entre los agricultores, que abogan por la reducción de la población de conejos, y los cazadores, que desean disponer de un número elevado de conejos para cazar. En este estudio utilizamos entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusión reducidos con agricultores, cazadores y representantes de la administración ambiental y agrícola para evaluar sus posiciones en este conflicto. Nuestros resultados muestran que este conflicto se caracteriza por tensiones tanto inter como intragrupales, y está influenciado por el liderazgo, la desconfianza y los problemas de toma de decisiones pasadas, y las diferencias de creencias entre los distintos colectivos. Los posicionamientos de los agricultores y cazadores también son relativamente rígidos, lo que puede dificultar su participación en procesos de colaboración. Para ser efectivos, tales procesos necesitan que los líderes locales estén empoderados y probablemente también que participen mediadores externos neutrales., Nuestra investigación se llevó a cabo en dos áreas de estudio: Campiña Sur de Córdoba (CSC) en Andalucía, sur de España, y Alt Camp de Tarragona (ACT) en Catalunya, norte de España. CSC y ACT comprenden 11 y 23 municipios, respectivamente, siendo el primero más grande que el segundo (1100 km2 frente a 538 km2) e incluyendo más habitantes (105.000 frente a 44.000 habitantes). Estas áreas fueron seleccionadas debido a similitudes en el contexto global con respecto al daño de los conejos a los cultivos. La presencia de viñedos es notable en ambas zonas y existe igualmente un importante daño por conejos en los viñedos en ambas comarcas., En este estudio, utilizamos técnicas cualitativas para comprender la perspectiva y los puntos de vista de los principales actores involucrados: agricultores, cazadores y personas que trabajan en la administración vinculadas a la gestión de la vida silvestre. Los participantes fueron seleccionados utilizando la información de contacto proporcionada por informantes clave en ambas áreas de estudio (muestreo de bola de nieve). El número total de participantes fue de 55. Utilizamos entrevistas personales para recabar la opinión de informantes clave; es decir, representantes de organizaciones agrarias relevantes, gerentes de cotos de caza y personas que trabajan en la administración. Para evaluar la opinión de los cazadores y agricultores, utilizamos pequeños grupos de discusión con tres o cuatro participantes. Para evitar el riesgo de que un “líder de opinión” pueda dominar la conversación en un grupo de discusión, el moderador manejó esta potencial limitación promoviendo la participación de las personas más reticentes., El conjunto de entrevistas y grupos de discusión se desarrolló entre el 15 de octubre y el 16 de diciembre de 2015. La recopilación de datos se detuvo cuando observamos que no surgían nuevos temas clave o relevantes para el objeto de estudio. Tanto las entrevistas como los pequeños grupos de discusión se realizaron de tal manera que se creó un espacio para la expresión abierta de las posiciones y criterios de los entrevistados, es decir, de manera no directiva y conversacional. Las entrevistas y los pequeños grupos de discusión se realizaron siguiendo un guion de temas a tratar, pero se adaptó a las características de los participantes y al propio desarrollo de las entrevistas y grupos. El guion abordó las percepciones de los participantes sobre las poblaciones de conejos y el daño producido a los cultivos, tanto en el pasado reciente como cuando se realizó la encuesta, y sus percepciones y opiniones sobre el manejo de conejos realizado en las áreas de estudio. Además, también se trataron las relaciones entre los colectivos involucrados en los problemas causados por el daño de los conejos a los cultivos, así como las actitudes de los participantes hacia otros grupos. Se garantizó a los participantes la confidencialidad y el anonimato de las opiniones expresadas. Se obtuvo su consentimiento expreso para participar en este estudio, el cual se realizó en cumplimiento de la legislación tanto española como europea en materia de privacidad de datos (Ley Orgánica 3/2018; Reglamento Europeo 2016/679). La duración de las entrevistas osciló entre los 15 y los 120 minutos, mientras que los grupos variaron entre 45 y 150 minutos. Ambos fueron grabados y transcritos digitalmente. Los datos de las entrevistas y grupos se analizaron de forma conjunta, ya que ambos abordaron los mismos temas clave y tenían el mismo carácter informativo y de opinión. El análisis de datos consistió en la lectura iterativa de cada texto para identificar las ideas y temas principales, buscando una comprensión e interpretación sociológica de los datos, verificando las interpretaciones entre los coautores para crear una mayor conciencia de ciertas dimensiones en los datos y así identificar adecuadamente los temas principales., Con el fin de garantizar la plena protección de la privacidad de los participantes y el cumplimiento de la ley española de protección de datos (es decir, el Real Decreto-ley 5/2018, de 27 de julio, de medidas urgentes para la adaptación de la legislación española a la normativa de la Unión Europea sobre privacidad de datos), los datos brutos no se ponen a disposición del público. En cambio, se muestra un resumen de los datos brutos y se anonimiza la información y se eliminan aquellas partes que pudieran dar lugar al reconocimiento de alguno de los participantes, respetando así la confidencialidad., We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Science Ministry (MINECO) through project CGL2013-43197-R; and from Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) through PII-201810I026., La información contenida en el fichero de datos se estructura de la siguiente forma: Comarca Alt Camp (Tarragona) -Entrevistas y grupos de discusión cazadores, agricultores y administración Comarca Campiña Sur (Córdoba) -Entrevistas y grupos de discusión cazadores, agricultores y administración, Con objeto de asegurar la completa protección de la privacidad de los participantes en las entrevistas y cumplir con la legislación española de protección de datos (p.ej. RD 5/2018, de27 de julio, sobre medidas urgentes de adaptación de la legislación española a la regulación de la UE sobre la privacidad de datos), los datos brutos de las entrevistas no se ponen a disposición del público. En su lugar, se muestra un resumen de los datos brutos, se anonimiza la información y se eliminan aquellas partes que pudieran dar lugar al reconocimiento de alguno de los participantes, respetando así la confidencialidad., No

Dataset from Upscaling non-linear reactive transport in correlated velocity fields, Peer reviewed