Resultados de investigación

[Motivation] The accelerated and widespread conversion of once continuous ecosystems into fragmented landscapes has driven ecological research to understand the response of biodiversity to local (fragment size) and landscape (forest cover and fragmentation) changes. This information has important theoretical and applied implications, but is still far from complete. We compiled the most comprehensive and updated database to investigate how these local and landscape changes determine species composition, abundance and trait diversity of multiple taxonomic groups in forest fragments across the globe., [Main Types of Variables Contained] We gathered data for 1472 forest fragments, providing information on the abundance and composition of 9154 species belonging to vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. For 2703 of these species, we obtained more than 20 functional traits. We provided the spatial location and size of each fragment and metrics of landscape composition and configuration., [Spatial Location and Grain] The dataset includes 1472 forest fragments sampled in 121 studies from all continents except Antarctica. Most datasets (77%) are from tropical regions, 17% are from temperate regions, and 6% are from subtropical regions. Species abundance and composition were collected at the plot or fragment scale, whereas the landscape metrics were extracted with buffer size ranging from a radius of 200–2000 m., [Time Period and Grain] Data on the abundance of species and community composition were collected between 1994 and 2022, and the landscape metrics were extracted from the same year that a given study collected the abundance and composition data., [Major Taxa and Level of Measurement] The studied organisms included invertebrates (Arachnida, Insecta and Gastropoda; 41% of the datasets), vertebrates (Amphibia, Squamata, Aves and Mammalia; 44%), and vascular plants (19%), and the lowest level of identification was species or morphospecies., [Software Format] The dataset and code can be downloaded on Zenodo or GitHub., This study was supported by the Institute for Global Change Biology in the School for Environment and Sustainability and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Michigan. M.H.V. (#2022/01899-6, São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP), J.C.P. (#2018/00107-3), and F.R.d.S. (#2013/50714-0 and #2022/04012-2) were supported by grants from FAPESP. A.L. was supported by the project PRPPID2020-117863RB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). F.P.L.M. (470574/2013-5), M.B. (304189/2022-7), and L.F.S.M. (307984/2022-2) received support from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico). M.V.G. was funded by UNILA (PRPPG 205/2021 and 77/2022). N.S. received support from Fundação Araucária (PBA2022011000042)., Peer reviewed

Founded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Project Reference PID2021-125427OB-I00, Acronym “3DCERENE”, Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

Este conjunto de datos está elaborado a partir de los datos completos constituidos por las 54 entrevistas semidirigidas que integran el corpus PRESEEA-Santander. Estos datos están preestratificados en torno a las variables de sexo, edad y nivel educativo, conforme a las directrices marcadas en el Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y América (PRESEEA) (Moreno Fernández 2021). El objetivo de este inventario es reunir el léxico extraído de las entrevistas orales, grabadas y transcritas, del núcleo urbano de una ciudad española, como parte del proyecto arriba mencionado. Un inventario léxico constituye un recurso de primer orden para abordar el estudio del vocabulario desde parámetros tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos. Su finalidad estriba en poner a disposición de la comunidad científica internacional una estructura que facilite la localización de palabras y su uso investigador en estudios lingüísticos y aplicados, como los propios de la sociolingüística y la lexicometría, entre otros., Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a la financiación recibida por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades para el proyecto "Estudio de los condicionantes sociales del español actual en el centro y norte de España: nuevas identidades, nuevos retos, nuevas soluciones (ECOS -C/N)"(PID2023-148371NB-C42), Inventario morfológico de PRESEEA-Santander (muestra) -- Inventario léxico PRESEEA-Santander (corpus). Introducción -- Inventario léxico PRESEEA-Santander (corpus). Metodología -- Inventario léxico de PRESEEA-Santander (muestra) -- Inventario léxico PRESEEA-Santander (corpus) (volúmenes)

Propósito. La inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG), capaz de crear contenidos automatizados en toda clase de formatos, supone un gran desafío para medios de comunicación y periodistas. Esta investigación se propone analizar cómo usan los periodistas la IAG y cómo la perciben. Metodología. Con la colaboración de 81 colectivos (asociaciones, colegios profesionales y sindicatos), se ha completado una amplia encuesta (N = 358). Además, para reforzar los aspectos cualitativos de la investigación, se ha realizado una sesión formativa ─con observación participante─ en la que intervinieron ocho periodistas de distintos tipos de medios. Resultados. La IAG forma ya parte de las herramientas periodísticas habituales, aunque tiene todavía un notable margen de crecimiento. Los algoritmos se valoran por su rapidez y eficiencia, pero son temidos porque no siempre respetan principios básicos de la profesión como la veracidad o el rigor. Los periodistas creen que la IAG puede conducirnos a una sustitución de personas por máquinas y ello supondría ─al perderse el control humano─ un periodismo con menos calidad, creatividad y empatía. Seis de cada diez profesionales afirman que en sus empresas no ha habido debate sobre el uso de la IAG. Casi el 75% de las empresas no ha ofrecido a sus trabajadores formación sobre la IAG. Conclusión y aportación original. Para el óptimo desarrollo de la IAG periodística, resulta esencial establecer proyectos integrales sobre cómo, cuándo, para qué y con límites usar la IAG en los medios de comunicación. La formación y el diálogo son elementos claves.

The neuroimmune actions of ethanol have recently gained significant attention.Concurrently, the kynurenine pathway, the main catabolic route of tryptophan (TRP), has emerged as a novel target for modulating drug abuse and as a critical immune regulator. This pathway is implicated in behavioral and cognitive alterations, including anxiety, depression, and memory impairmentconditions closely associated with ethanol (EtOH) dependence. The kynurenine pathway is activated under inflammatory and immune conditions.Objective. We previously demonstrated that chronic EtOH consumption increases kynurenine (KYN) levels in mice. Here, we investigate the effect of EtOH dependence and withdrawal on behavioral and cognitive parameters, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) transcriptome, and KYN, TRP and serotonin (5-HT) levels and KYN/TRP and 5-HT/TRP ratios in mice.Methods. Adult male mice were subjected the Chronic Intermittent Ethanol (CIE) paradigm, a model for dependence and withdrawal. Twenty-four hours post-EtOH exposure, we analyzed behavioral and cognitive parameters, sequenced the NAc transcriptome, and measured KYN, TRP and 5-HT levels as well as KYN/TRP and 5-HT/TRP ratios in plasma, limbic forebrain, cortex and cerebellum using HPLC.Results. The CIE model induced anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment. Transcriptomic analysis of the NAc revealed immune system activation, including upregulation of immune and inflammation-related genes. Furthermore, chronic EtOH exposure increased KYN levels and the KYN/TRP ratio across plasma and brain regions.This study suggests that chronic EtOH exposure induces neuroimmune activation, which may trigger KYN pathway activation and contribute to anxiety and memory deficits observed in the CIE model.

Data of the article: Three Non-Invasive Tests Reveal Anxiety-like Responses During Food Anticipation in Rainbow Trout . Anxiety-like behavior in fish is commonly assessed using non-invasive behavioral paradigms such as the Light/Dark preference, Novel Tank, and Open Field tests. In this study, we validated these three assays in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a species of commercial relevance, to characterize their anxiety-related responses. To explore behavioral changes associated with feeding anticipation and satiety, we implemented a feeding schedule consisting of two daily meals and conducted behavioral tests at specific times before and after feeding. Trout exhibited clear patterns of scototaxis, geotaxis, and thigmotaxis, consistent with anxiety-like behavior described in other teleosts. Our results showed a significant increase in anxiety-like responses before feeding, coinciding with food anticipatory activity observed prior to expected feeding schedules, which diminished after food intake, as evidenced by each test individually. Moreover, multivariate analysis combining parameters from all three tests improved discrimination between anxious and relaxed fish. The behavioral states before and after feeding resembled anxiety-like and anxiolytic conditions reported in other species, supporting that food anticipatory activity reflects an anxious state in rainbow trout as well. These findings endorse using a multi-test behavioral battery to assess anxiety-like states and provide a framework for studying neurobiological mechanisms of emotional regulation related to feeding in teleosts.

Datos de investigación de Pedro-Carañana, J., Herrera-Huérfano, E., and Ochoa-Almanza, J. (2025). Indigenous communicative justice for the Amazon on Instagram: Weaving environmental, sociocultural and political–economic justice, Journal of Alternative & Community Media, Special Issue: ‘Media, Justice and Equality’, 9:1, pp. 25–46, https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00133_1