BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

The temperature-size rule hypothesized that there is a negative relationship between the size (volume) of an organism and the temperature. This applies to both unicellular and pluricellular organisms. Here, we question this hypothesis for the particular case of protozoans, because in these organisms the volume is directly related to the consumption of prey, and on most of the occasions the true volume of the cell is unknown. To prove our arguments, we designed a series of experiments with the heterotrophic dinoflagellate O. marina, including functional and numerical responses, time-dependent acclimation responses, and estimation of the protozoan volume during long periods of starvation. Our data showed that, in fact, the observed temperature-size rule in unicellular grazers results from anabolic and catabolic imbalances, and that the relationship between size and temperature weakens after proper thermal adaptation. We also showed that once prey are fully digested, the protozoan’ size is the same irrespectively of the temperature. Finally, we set the basis for proper acclimation during short-term temperature experiments, which specifies that at least 3 days should be allowed for proper temperature acclimation. We also suggest that, for trustable experiments, the grazer should be incubated at the target prey concentration for at least 24h before conducting the experiments. The ecological implications of a lack of correlation between microzooplankton size and temperature are also discussed, This research was funded by Grant PID2020-118645RB-I00 by Ministerio de Ciencia e innovación (MCIN)/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. It is a contribution of the Marine Zooplankton Ecology Group (2017 SGR 87). With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Para Oxyrrhis marina: Tasas de ingestion a diferentes concentraciones de alimento (presa/ind/d), Tasa crecimiento (µ 1/d), Volumen (µm3); para la presa (Rhodomonas salina): volume (µm3), Peer reviewed

We exposed the calanoid copepod Paracartia grani, reared in the laboratory at 19°C, to warmer conditions (22°C and 25°C) for 11 generations and examined the direct effects of temperature on feeding, fecundity, development, population sex ratio and somatic traits (adult and egg sizes and adult carbon content), This research was funded by Grants [CTM2017-84288-R and PID2020-118645RB-I00] by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. CJ was supported by Grant [PRE2018-084738] funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Rearing temperature, generation, prosome length, carbon content, ingestion rate, egg production rate, egg diameter, gross-growth efficiency, hatching success, Peer reviewed

The temperature-size rule states that as the temperature increases, the body size of organisms decreases. This rule has been observed in a wide range of organisms, including marine phytoplankton and it is particularly important to model and predict the effects of global warming on the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. This is so because the size of marine phytoplankton is a critical trait that determines their ecological and biogeochemical roles in marine ecosystems. The size of marine phytoplankton is also affected by resource availability, which relates to growth rates. Here, we compare the effects of a long-term exposure to several temperatures on the cell size of three marine microalgae during their growth curves. The species chosen were the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina, the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa niei, and the diatom Conticribra (previously Thalassiosira) weissflogii. All algae conformed the temperature-size rule during all the phases of the growth curve. However, the size variations of the microalgae in each of the phases were species-specific. R. salina and H. niei showed higher volumes in the exponential growth phase than during the decline of growth and early stationary phases. Contrarily, the diatom showed smaller volumes during the exponential phase of growth than during the other phases. Overall, the effects of growth rate on cell size exceeded those of temperature for the expected ocean warming by the end of the century. These results also partially support the higher relevance of resource supply than temperature in explaining the variability of phytoplankton size structure in marine ecosystems, This research was funded by Grant PID2020-118645RB-I00 by Ministerio de Ciencia e innovación (MCIN)/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Para las tres microalgas, Rhodomonas salina, Heterocapsa niei, Conticribra weissflogii, abundancias, y volumen a diferentes temperaturas, Peer reviewed

We have studied the response of the marine calanoid copepod Paracartia grani to dietary elemental imbalances, This research was supported by Grant [PID2020-118645RB-I00] funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Elemental content, C:N ratios, C:P ratios, N:P ratios, copepod ingestion rate, copepod egg production rate, hatching success, gross-growth efficiency of egg production, egg size, nauplius body size, threshold elemental ratios for C:N and C:P, Peer reviewed

Figure S1, AC magnetic susceptibility characterization of different organs (tumor, liver, skin, and blood); Figure S2, scaled out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility of several tissues and nanoparticle standards scaled to their maximum to compare the location in temperature of the maxima., Peer reviewed

Characterization of the magnetic nanoparticles in the lysozyme-like medium at pH = 2.5 and photos of nanoparticle suspensions at different times during the degradation process., Peer reviewed

The study of a species' thermal tolerance and vital rate responses provides useful metrics to characterize its vulnerability to ocean warming. Under prolonged thermal stress, plastic and adaptive processes can adjust the physiology of organisms. Yet it is uncertain whether the species can expand their upper thermal limits to cope with rapid and extreme changes in environmental temperature. In this study, we reared the marine copepod Paracartia grani at control (19°C) and warmer conditions (25°C) for >18 generations and assessed their survival and fecundity under short-term exposure to a range of temperatures (11-34°C). After multigenerational warming, the upper tolerance to acute exposure (24 hours) increased by 1-1.3°C, although this enhancement decreased to 0.3-0.8°C after longer thermal stress (7 days). Warm-reared copepods were smaller and produced significantly fewer offspring at the optimum temperature. No shift in the thermal breadth of the reproductive response was observed. Yet the fecundity rates of the warm-reared copepods in the upper thermal range were up to 21-fold higher than the control. Our results show that chronic warming improved tolerance to stress temperatures and fecundity of P. grani, therefore enhancing its chances to persist under extreme heat events, This research was funded by Grants CTM2017-84288-R and PID2020-118645RB-I00 by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. “ERDF A way of making Europe” C. J. was supported by Grant [PRE2018-084738] funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”, Rearing temperature, generation, exposure temperature, survival 24h, survival 7d, egg production rate, fitness index, egg diameter, female prosome length, Peer reviewed

Characterization of protein fragments (SDS-PAGE and Circular Dichroism), MNPs (TEM, TGA) and bioconjugates (DLS, Z-potential, TGA); comparison of the bioconjugation efficiency when using different metallic ions; functionalization with 64 μmol/mg Fe of LysNTA-Ni2+ or LysNTA; saturation of the MNP surface with protein fragments and calculation of the number of fragments immobilized; covalent coupling; analysis of E-cadherin expression in different cell lines, MTT cytotoxicity and cellular labeling., Peer reviewed

Preparation procedures and physical and spectroscopic data for compounds 17−43 and crystallographic data in CIF format and ORTEP diagrams of 28 and 30., Peer reviewed

Analytical and spectral characterization data of all new compounds, NMR/NOESY interprotonic distances, and crystallographic data (CIF)., Peer reviewed