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This dataset is composed of 2 files: a database (in csv format) with 695 records of biogeochemical variables (temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, pH and total alkalinity) analyzed in water samples collected at the GIFT time series and a Readme (txt) file that includes a short description of the variables provided., If the dataset is used, please consider citing Flecha et al., (2019) (doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52084-x)., This data set includes recently published data used to assess the temporal evolution of pH in Atlantic and Mediterranean water masses exchanging at the Strait of Gibraltar (Long:-5.345, Lat: 36.137, Datum:WSG84) during the decade 2005-2015 and to calculate the magnitude of natural and anthropogenic components on total pH changes (Flecha et al., 2019). The database provides measurements of carbon system parameters in water samples collected at 3 stations that form the marine time series GIFT during 26 oceanographic campaigns conducted over the decade 2005–2015. Geographic coordinates of sampling stations are provided. Some physical data (i.e. pressure, temperature and salinity) are also included. During the cruises, a temperature and salinity profile in each station was obtained with a Seabird 911 Plus CTD probe connected to a rosette sampler. Conductivity measurements were converted into practical values of the salinity scale with the UNESCO equation (1986). Seawater was subsequently collected for biogeochemical analysis using Niskin bottles immersed in the oceanographic rosette at variable depths (from 5 to 8 levels) depending on the instant position of the interface between the Atlantic and Mediterranean flows that was identified by CTD profiles. The biogeochemical variables shown in the database are pH in total scale at 25 °C (pHT25), total alkalinity (AT), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and inorganic nutrients (nitrate, NO3− and Silicate, SiO44−). pHT25 data were obtained by the spectrophotometric method with m-cresol purple as indicator (Clayton & Byrne 1993) with an addition of 0.0047 (DelValls & Dickson, 1998). Samples were taken directly from the oceanographic bottles in 10 cm path-length optical glass cells and measurements were carried out with a Shimadzu UV-2401PC spectrophotometer containing a 25 °C-thermostated cells holder. Samples for AT analysis were collected in 500-ml borosilicate bottles, and poisoned with 100 μl of HgCl2-saturated aqueous solution and stored until measurement in the laboratory. AT was measured by potential titration according to Mintrop et al. (2000) with a Titroprocessor (model Metrohm 794). DO concentration was obtained through automated potentiometric modification of the original Winkler method using the Titroprocessor. Upon collection, flasks were sealed, stored in darkness and measured within 24 h. Water samples (5 mL, two replicates) for inorganic nutrients determination were taken, filtered immediately (Whatman GF/F, 0.7 μm) and stored frozen for later analyses in the shore-based laboratory. Nutrients concentrations were measured with a continuous flow auto-analyzer using standard colorimetric techniques (Hansen & Koroleff 1999). More details on procedures and data structure are given in a single README file (txt). The data are provided as [space] delimitated plain text files., Plan Estatal de I+D+i, European Commission, CSIC. CARBOOCEAN (FP6-511176), SESAME (FP6-036949), CARBOCHANGE (FP7-264879), PERSEUS (FP7-287600), COMFORT (H2020-820989), CTM2006-28141-E/MAR, CTM2016-75487-R., 1 data csv‘GIFT_carbonparameteres_2005_2015.csv’ file and 1 readme.txt file., Peer reviewed

The database provides measurements of carbon system parameters in water samples collected at 3 stations that form the marine time series GIFT during 12 oceanographic campaigns conducted over 2008-2015. Some physical data (i.e. pressure, temperature and salinity) are also included., During the cruises, a temperature and salinity profile was obtained with a Seabird 911 Plus CTD probe. The accuracy of CTD measurements for temperature and salinity were 0.004 ºC and 0.005, respectively. Seawater was subsequently collected for biogeochemical analysis using Niskin bottles immersed in an oceanographic rosette platform at variable depths (from 5 to 8 levels) depending on the instant position of the interface between the Atlantic and Mediterranean flows that was identified by CTD profiles. The biogeochemical variables shown in the database are Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and inorganic nutrients (nitrate, NO3−; Silicate, SiO44−; phosphate, PO43-). DO concentration was obtained through automated potentiometric modification of the original Winkler method using the Titroprocessor. Upon collection, flasks were sealed, stored in darkness and measured within 24 h, with an accuracy of 0.5 micromol/kg. Seawater samples for DOC determination were collected in 0.25 L acid–cleaned glass bottles and immediately filtered through precombusted (450 °C, 4 h) Whatman GF/F filters with an acid–cleaned all–glass filtration system previously rinsed with about 50 mL of the sample. Aliquots of 20 mL were collected for DOC analysis in precombusted (450 °C, 12 h) 24 mL glass vials. After acidification with H3PO4 (85%) to pH <2, they were sealed with Teflon-lined caps and stored in the dark at 4 °C until analysed in the shore-based laboratory with a commercial Shimadzu TOC-VCPH organic carbon analyser according to Alvarez-Salgado & Miller (1998). Water samples (5 mL, two replicates) for inorganic nutrients determination were collected, filtered immediately (Whatman GF/F, 0.7 μm) and stored frozen for later analyses in the shore-based laboratory with a continuous flow auto-analyzer using standard colorimetric techniques (Hansen & Koroleff 1999). Chlorophyll analysis was conducted by filtering 0.5 L samples through Whatman GF/F filters, extracting in 90% acetone, and measuring concentration by standard fluorometric methods (Parsons et al., 1984) using a Turner Designs Model 10 fluorometer., The data is provided as [space] delimitated plain text file within a compressed folder that also includes a single README file (in PDF format) containing a detailed description of the data structure., The dataset is subject to a Creative Commons License Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International., [General Notes] The data are provided under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. However, if you use the data, so as to support the authors, please consider citing the above mentioned article where data collection and analytical techniques are given in detail. Here we only give a brief details and a guide to the contents of the data files. Data files are in UTF8 encoding, plain text format with comma used as the delimiter. All data files have column titles as the first line. One column is written for each measured parameter. Missing data are filled with -9. All variables but temperature have a quality flag associated with them. The values each digit can assume and their meanings follows:, Quality Indicators: Flag Meaning, 1 not quality controled, 2 good data, 3 suspect (i.e. questionable) data, 4 bad data, 5 missing data, 9 variable not measured during this cast., [Biogeochemical variables] GIFT_dissolved_organic_carbon_2008-2015.csv provides data from cruises conducted between 2008 and 2015. Temperature and salinity were measured in situ with a Seabird 911 Plus CTD probe. Concentrations of oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll and dissolved nutrients were measured in the laboratory., This data set includes data collected between 2008 and 2015 that have been used to estimate the exchange of dissolved organic carbon between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar (Long:-5.345, Lat: 36.137, Datum:WSG84) and to assess the seasonality of the fluxes., This research was supported by the COMFORT project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 820989 (project COMFORT, "Our common future ocean in the Earth system – quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points).” Other European grants providing financial support were CARBOOCEAN (FP6-511176), CARBOCHANGE(FP7-264879), SESAME (FP6-036949) and PERSEUS (FP7-287600)., Peer reviewed

The database provides laboratory data obtained from two experiments carried out during 2019 using polyps of the jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. The experiments considered current and ca. 2100 winter (Experiment 1) and summer (Experiment 2) conditions under the RCP8.5 scenario (IPCC, 2013). Experiment 1 conditions were 18ºC and two pH levels (current: 7.9 and, reduced: 7.7): and experiment 2 conditions were 24ºC and 30ºCand two pH levels (current: 8.0 and reduced: 7.7). The database contains 3 datasets: 1) Survival and asexual reproduction: Data of the survival and asexual reproduction of the polyps collected during the described experimental conditions. This first dataset includes the number of polyps, buds and polyps undergoing budding, and the number of ephyrae released by strobilation of polyps from the different temperature and pCO2 treatments. Each experiment last for 36 days and the number of replicates per treatment was 6 for experiment 1 and 3 for experiment 2. Seawater salinity was 38. AT was determined by potentiometric titration using a Metrohm 794 Titroprocessor and Fixanal (0.5 mol l-1 of HCl) as titrant (Mintrop et al. 2000). pH was measured spectrophotometrically (Clayton and Byrne 1993) using m-cresol purple as indicator, and consequently, values were expressed in total scale. pCO2 was derived from pH, AT nitrate and silicate using CO2SYS software (Lewis and Wallace 1998). 2) Ephyrae Measurements: This dataset includes measurements of the ephyrae released from the mentioned experimental conditions measured under optical microscopy. The total body diameter of the ephyrae (long axis and short axis, BDL and BDW) and the total marginal lappet length and width were measured at 5x magnification. Rhopalia and statocyst (crystal conglomeration) length and width were measured at 40x magnification. 3) Statolith Measurements: Includes the number of statoliths in each rhopalium. For each ephyra, the length (long axis) and width (short axis) of all statoliths in all rhopalia were measured on a computer screen using AxioVisionLE software at 100x magnification. The volume of each statolith was indirectly calculated from measurements of length and width, considering the statolith shape as a hexagonal prism., This data set includes data collected in 2019 from laboratory experiments using polyps of the jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata exposed to current and future seawater pH and temperature conditions. The dataset includes information of the survival and asexual reproduction of polyps under different experimental treatments as well as, data of the measurements of ephyrae and statoliths., This work was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under grant number CTM2016-75487-R for the project MED2CA. This work is a contribution to the CSIC interdisciplinary thematic platform, WATER:iOS and the Project Agreement "Sistema de Observación y Predicción de Medusas en el Mar Balear” among Govern des Illes Balears, SOCIB and CSIC., The database is composed by 3 datasest: 1) Survival and asexual reproduction 2) Ephyrae Measurements 3) Statolith Measurements, No

Climate change is severely altering precipitation regimes at local and global scales, yet the capacity of species to cope with these changes has been insufficiently examined. Amphibians are globally endangered and particularly sensitive to moisture conditions. For mating, most amphibian species rely on calling behaviour, which is a key weather- dependent trait. Using passive acoustics, we monitored the calling behaviour of two widely distributed Neotropical frogs in 12 populations located at the humidity extremes but thermal mean of the species distribution. Based on 2,554 hours of recordings over a breeding season, we found that both the arboreal species Boana raniceps and the aquatic species Pseudis paradoxa exhibited calling behaviour at a wide range of relative humidity. Calling humidity was significantly lower in conspecific populations subjected to drier conditions, while calling temperature did not differ between populations or species. Overall, no variation in climatic breadth was observed between large and small choruses, and calling behaviour was scarcely detected during the driest, hottest and coldest potential periods of breeding. Our results showed that calling humidity of the studied species varies according to the precipitation regime, suggesting that widespread Neotropical anurans may have the capacity to exhibit sexual displays in different climatic environments. Regardless of the underlying mechanism (plasticity or local adaptation), which should be determined by common garden experiments, a wide and population-specific climatic breadth of calling behaviour may assist species to deal with changing humidity conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the response capacity of anurans to perform calling behaviour under contrasting precipitation regimes.