BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

The present work, framed in the affectionate tribute to the person and work of Juan Cascajero, tries to synthesize and to show a global vision of the historical development and the practice of the theoretical foundations of Oral History, in Spain, and its reflection in the historiographic task of Juan Cascajero, main defender of this tool of work, from the parcels of the knowledge of Old History, like means of approach to the conditions of spiritual existence, materials and, of the majorities,...

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The poet Catullus decribes the love affaires of a Roman high society woman, Lesbia, the Clodia, sister of the deputy of Caesar. Lesbia was a married woman, elegantly and rich. She had many lovers at the same time. Catullus tells us the viciousness of life in Rome at the end of the Roman Republic.

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Roman Empire established many rules about control and domination. Before conquest, government had applied laws based on religion. Soon after, just controlled the landscape, roman culture had forced prerroman groups to accept one kind of submission. One of the most important method of control were roman ways, which linked prerroman communities with one unknown city called Roma. This is the real History of “Hispania” about oppressing minorities against oppressed majority in Ancient World. Thanks...

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Recent excavations in Huelva suggest to stress once again the role of greek trade, besides that of Phoenicians, in tartessic area during the archaic age: Euboians left several marks of their presence in the mythical tradition. After Euboians, Phoceans reached the Atlantic coasts: at a first stage, when Massalia hadn’t yet reached control of that traffic, they followed the same route as their predecessors. Many onomastic coincidences with other areas of phocean colonization (southern coast of...

L’identità politica di Cartagine si osserva attraverso il suo reperto figurativo come accade con i rasoi e le uova di struzzo decorate. Nei primi si propongono tanto le figurazione egittizzanti e vicino-orientale come quelle di tradizione ellenistica portando messaggi di regalità indotta e una serie di chiavi di lettura per il mondo funerario.

The excavations carried out since the end of the Nineteenth century in Cadiz (Spain) have brought to light a great part of the Punic cemetery (6th-3rd centuries BC) of the ancient Phoenician colony of Gadir. Close to the graves it has been found a group of structures and materials that shows the regular practices of these burials feasts. In order to define the type of food consumed during these ritual meals, as well as to determine its possible symbolic meaning, we analyse, on the one hand the...

The atlantic periplus of Ophelas could be have realized to instance of Alexander, ca. 331-323 BC, to evaluate the carthaginian presence in the North African Atlantic facade, before his projected campaign against Carthage and later try to reach the Columns of Herakles by the African coast. A second possibility could be during the period of Ophelas as governor of Cyrene, between 322 and 312 BC, before the preparations of his campaign against Carthage the 308 BC, to seek information on the...

En este artículo ofrecemos una interpretación sobre los nuevos datos arqueológicos que, en nuestra opinión, a) confirman que las islas canarias de Lanzarote y Fuerteventura se encuentran inmersas en el proceso de exploración y explotación del Atlántico realizado por los marinos del Levante mediterráneo desde finales del II milenio a.C.; y b) apoyan la hipótesis de que dichas islas son las ”dos islas Hespérides” atlánticas mencionadas por Plinio el Viejo en su descripción de la costa del mar...

Two words would summarize what characterized the religious policy during the two centuries of the Achaemenid Empire: tolerance and party utilization. Inside what it seems to have been a programmatic line, Achaemenid kings had an initial attitude of acceptance of all the religious practices along their territorial conquests. The religious panorama of the Achaemenid Empire is defined by a polytheism generalized, in close relation with the heterogeneous character of its populations and with...

The following pages deal with those strategies aimed at the recovery of social order in iliadic myth. According to my opinion, the above mentioned strategies are a part of an “isos allos exclusive language” (“the same other”, that is to say, heroes/aristocrats), and help us to understand the ideal working of a society that is not a real one but an ideological one, which would be useful for the definition of a concrete group in a specific historical period.

The situation of the hektemoroi and of the Attic land is one of the most disputed subjects of Athenian history before Solon. In this article we propose the existence of a variety of situations concerning the peasants and the land. Anyway, the clue for understanding the historical processes of that moment, is the acknowledgement of, essentially, two situations concerning the Attic peasants (in correspondence with the later zeugitai and thetes): in one hand, the existence of middle/little...

En la iconografía romana los flamines se representan con los distintivos de los arúspices etruscos: gorro puntiagudo ajustado con una cinta y amplia capa ceñida por una fíbula. No poseyendo los arúspices romanos ninguno de estos distintivos, se puede deducir que los romanos los adoptaron de los etruscos., L’iconographie romaine représente les flamines comme les haruspices étrusques, avec un couvre-chef à pointe et à bride et un gros manteau fermé par une fibule. Les haruspices romains ne possédant aucun de ces traits distinctifs, on peut penser que les Romains les ont empruntés aux Etrusques.

Traditionally we have considered that Rome, during the Mid-Republican age, had no structures to develop a market rule in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper we try to analyse the remains the submarine archaeology has provided in the last years, so much as the recent campaigns in the religious area of San Omobono, in the just Rome, and we do it from a critical point of view and in relation to the reticular structure of “ports of trade” that Rome had performed in its maritime politics long...

The important activity of the negotiatores during the Roman Republic is broadly well-known. The Present article analyzed an inscription dedicated by this group of people to Pompey the Great in Rome. In addition in the text, mention of the epigraphs that make allusion to the negotiatores in the West.

This work analyzes the relation between ius hospitii and ius civitatis, represented in the Hispanic epigraphy by three inscriptions which specify citizenship rights, in addition to hospitia, for the signers of the pacts. The hypothesis formulated by Humbert is taken again. This author sustained that, in the archaic Latium, the hospitium publicum gave a potential citizenship to the hospes in the sense that, it did not suppose a change of citizenship, but the enjoy of certain rights which became...

A description of Hispania in time of Augustus has been narrated to us by Strabo and Trogo Pompeius. The first of them, although he did not visit the country, left a description in his third book. About Trogo Pompeius, although his work is lost, we know about thanks to Pliny, the Elder, and the Epitome made by Justin. Strabo shows more interest in the South, describing the wealth of the Turdetania, fishes, mines, agriculture. Trogo Pompeius wrote a laus of Hispania with incidence in the Second...

In this work, we try to demonstrate that Corduba was a centre of attraction for the local elites of different cities of Hispania Ulterior Baetica. A significant number of members of the local oligarchies of the province decided emigrating to the provincial capital in a certain moment of their lives, looking for establishing relations with members of the imperial administration (senatorial and equestrian), promoting themselves to some of higher ordines, or simply culminating their political...

The appearance of a votive Roman ara in The Archeological and Paleontological Museum of Salas de los Infantes (Burgos) allows to study the piece and to identify it with the inscription CIL II, 2851 transmitted by written tradition and disappeared for a long time.

According to two episodes told by Saxo Grammaticus, Othinus was temporarily replaced by Mythothyn and, in a different circumstance, by Ollerus. Analysis shows that the former aspired to personal ownership and glorification, prohibiting votes dedicated to all gods, while the latter shows such an inclination in the name itself (Ullr “Glory”). Analogously Iovis son of Fortuna was the god worshipped by the Roman patricians, while the Ceres- Liber-Libera triad, the early Mercury and Saturn were...

Abstract; Ecclesiastical man, sain Augustine is not less a familiar of traditional culture. Its works abounds in references to the classic authors, who they are playwrights, historians, philosophers or poets. The Correspondance and the City of God offer an example of it to us, through the quotations that the bishop of Hippone made of Perse and Juvenal. He is pressed on these two satiricals poets to refute criticisms that the pagans address to christians, to speak in praise of the virtue, to...

Text is devoted to Octavianus, one of the comites Hispaniarum of Constantine the Great (306-337). Counts of Spain belonged to the group of emperor’s trusted collaborators, who were dispatched to the dioceses to inform the ruler about the situation there and to put it in right if necessary (comites dioecesium). Constantine’s comites Hispaniarum should be distinguished from the Military Commanders in the diocese of Spain also called comites Hispaniarum by the Notitia Dignitatum. On the contrary...

The orator Libanius commented in eight of his speeches (I, XII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXX, XLIX and LIX) several aspects of the emperor Constantine´s personality and government. In the last fifty years, some studies have been dedicated to the historical analysis of the passages concerning the question. The main trouble on that subject is how to establish a joint interpretation of the passages, since some ones expressed a positive discernment about the emperor, yet in another cases, it is so negative...

Questo nostro contributo si propone di analizzare, nel ventennio che intercorre dalla convocazione del I Concilio di Efeso (431) alla vigilia del Concilio di Calcedonia (451), sullo sfondo del grande conflicto cristologico che turbò profundamente la pars Orientis dell’Impero, l’oscillare dell’atteggiamento e delle decisioni del legislatore romano-cristiano —il pius princeps Teodosio II— in ordine alla repressione della devianza religiosa. L’estrema mutevolezza degli atteggiamenti sovrani...

José Ramón Mélida, an archaeologist between two styles. José Ramón Mélida is the most important archaeologist in the period between 1875 and 1936. Being a heir of the former antiquarian tradition, he knew how to conform the old Archaeology to the Positive and Scientific Principles. Thanks to his contact with French hispanists he could approach the Spanish and the European Archaeologies together. He tried the Spanish Archaeology to get closer to the European one, as well as to be got rid of its...

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The author reviews the linguistic evidence relative to διάδοχος y διάδέχομαι as ways to express the notions “heir”, “to be heir”. An explanation is proposed for the fact that Greek language prefers these terms (not κληρονόμο&#..., El autor revisa la evidencia lingüística relativa a διάδοχος y διάδέχομαι como formas de expresar las nociones de “heredero” y “heredar”. Se propone una explicación para el hecho de que la lengua griega prefiera estas voces (no κληρονόμ...

In each of the two Spartan royal families, a precise dynastic nomos regulates successions. The first son who is born after his father’s accession is considered from childhood as the heir apparent. He is exempted from the agôgè; when he has reached adulthood, he may be chosen as commander-in-chief of the civic army. Such a situation, which is exceptional among Greek kingships, is probably linked with the fact that the Spartan dyarchy is an element of the constitutional kosmos of the city.

The successor’s figure in the Temenid house tends in historical times to be established by means of the inheritance from fathers to sons. There are more possibilities for the first-born son of each marriage. It is impossible to establish if it was an original system that favours the brothers. The royal will is the rule that regulates successory order. Bearing in mind every antecedents, the Macedonian Assembly consolidated very simple rules for the alternation of the kings. The potential...

Den Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung bildet eine bis heute ungelöste Aporie, die sich aus den Aussagen der Quellen über die Herrschaft Philipps III. Und Alexanders IV. ergibt. Während die historiographischen Berichte und die moisten epigraphischen Dokumente aus dem mutterländischen und ägäischen Bereich der griechischen Staatenwelt keinen Zweifel daran lassen, daß beide Herrscher als Könige gleichen Rechtes (symbasileia) ihre Macht ausübten, findet sich in den bisher bekannten Urkunden aus den...

In the Antigonid dynasty, the heir of the throne was the eldest son of the king and the designation of the new king was happening without difficulties. Apart from the case of Demetrios, the younger son of Philip V, the Macedonian royal house did not suffer dynastic murders. The events around Philip’s succession show that the king could appoint an other heir if he wanted to. As so far we know, there is no word to designate the “crown prince” who, probably, was introduced by his father to the...

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This contribution investigates the role and the position of the Ptolemaic princes from the death of Ptolemy V up to the reign of Cleopatra VII, especially in times of war and internal trouble. It concludes tentatively that the monarchic system was more stable during this period than one normally tends to admit. This was particularly due to the people of Alexandria’s loyalty to the kingdom and the dynasty.

The paper briefly discusses how succession worked for the (childless) dynasts of Pergamon and then discusses the cases that occurred once the monarchy had been established. King Attalos I was succeeded by Eumenes II, the eldest of his four sons. Eumenes’own son Attalos, not yet of age at his father’s death, did not follow him at once. Instead, Attalos II succeeded his brother, to be followed after his own death, two decades later, by Attalos III. It is argued that this sequence reflects an...

The dynasty of Pontus shared influences from both the Hellenic and Persian civilizations. Therefore, the education of the “crown prince” might have aspects characteristic of the Achaemenid world: hunting on horseback, ordeals with poisons, and survival isolated in the country. However, the information we have reflects that the Greek paideía prevailed. The heir to the diadem, eldest son of the king, had been assigned military tasks as a general, and could be named as governor of some territories...

The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which Nabis can be included among the Hellenistic rulers, the principles upon which his political model was based and how we can interpret his policies. With this purpose in mind, the political situation that prevailed in Sparta prior to Nabis’s rule, his assumption of power, his political and social reforms and his foreign policy are explored. Nabis is approached as the type of figure who, exploiting social disorder, establishes a regime of...

The aim of this contribution is to analyze an aspect of the reigns of Agathocles and Hiero II of Syracuse, namely, the question of succession in their monarchic position. The contribution starts with an outline of how the two kings organized their respective succession. Then, explanations are suggested for the different arrangements adopted by the two of them. Finally, the contribution addresses the question of why Agathocles and Hiero failed in their project of creating a dynasty by...

The Oriental Magi and Chaldaeans were tutors of the crown princes in Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian traditions. That fact explains the dedication of Berossos' work to Antiochus of Syria, for he was a Chaldaean and Antiochus the appointed successor of Seleucus I. The special education of Oriental crown princes could enable us to focus the passage of Mt. 2.1-12 about the visit of Oriental Magi to Jesus.

This paper is not a study about the possible contents of royal education, nor about the princes’ teachers. It does not primarily deal with the kings’ cultural politics in the Hellenistic age either. Our main concern here is to asses the importance of paideia as an element of the ideology of Hellenistic kingship. The main question to be answered is this: In which texts and in which terms is the relationship between paideia and basileia made explicit? Contemporary sources bore direct witness to...

This paper is a study, through archaeological, iconographic and textual documentation, about an essential institution in the neo-assyrian monarchy succession system. This institution is the bīt ridûti or the «house of succession», which was the residence of “crown prince” in Assyria in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C., This paper is a study, through archaeological, iconographic and textual documentation, about an essential institution in the neo-assyrian monarchy succession system. This institution is the bīt ridûti or the «house of succession», which was the residence of “crown prince” in Assyria in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.

Classical sources are rich in data about the Successor to the throne in the Achaemenid Empire. Thanks to other sources such as royal inscriptions, Babylonian documents or the reliefs in Persepolis, we do not only know something more about the Great King’s successor, but they also enable us to test the reliability of the classics, deciding in each case if it is possible or not to carry prudence to the extremes on a succession which was marked, too often, by fratricidal struggle and harem...

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