Resultados de investigación

Appendix A. Supplementary data: Appendix S1. Different pictures illustrating how several Iberian lynxes use the same carcass. The sequence of recorded events is ordered by time, which can be observed in the picture bottom. Appendix S2. Different pictures showing the caching behavior by Iberian lynxes on carrion remains. Appendix S3. Different pictures showing the recorded roll-over behavior by Iberian lynxes on carrion remains in an advanced state of decay., Peer reviewed

There are two datasets. The main information about the line, age, reproductive performance and oxidative stress markers is included in the first dataset. The information included in the second dataset was used only to build the correlation matrix (supplementary table S7), in other words, this dataset does not include new information non-included in the first dataset. The explanation of the variables is included as a comment on the variable name. The R code for running the models is also available., Interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC) occurs because of shared interactions that have opposite effects on male and female fitness. Typically, it is assumed that loci involved in IRSC have sex-limited expression and are thus not directly affected by selective pressures acting on the other sex. However, if loci involved in IRSC have pleiotropic effects in the other sex, intersexual selection can shape the evolutionary dynamics of conflict escalation and resolution, as well as the evolution of reproductive traits linked to IRSC loci, and vice versa. Here we used an artificial selection approach in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) to test if female-limited selection on reproductive investment affects the amount of harm caused by males during mating. We found that males originating from lines selected for high female reproductive investment caused more oxidative damage in the female reproductive tract than males originating from lines selected for low female reproductive investment. This male-induced damage was specific to the oviduct and not found in other female tissues, suggesting that it was ejaculate-mediated. Our results suggest that intersexual selection shapes the evolution of IRSC and that male-induced harm may contribute to the maintenance of variation in female reproductive investment., [Methods] Dataset collected from captive Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) artificially selected for high (H-line) and low (L-line) maternal egg investment. After four generations of selective breeding, H- and L-line females differed in egg size by > 1 SD, but they did not differ in the number of eggs laid. Both L-line and H-line females were randomly paired with either a L-line or H-line male (2x2 design; female / male pairs: N = 11 L / L, N = 10 L / H, N = 10 H / H, N = 10 H / L) and kept in breeding cages for two weeks. From each female, a blood sample was obtained before breeding, and tissue samples from the oviduct, the liver and the spleen were obtained after breeding. Oxidative stress markers were analysed in the samples., Swiss National Science Foundation, Award: PP00P3_128386 Swiss National Science Foundation, Award: PP00P3_157455 HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council, Award: Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement 842085 Ministerio de Universidades, Award: María Zambrano (University of Castilla-La Mancha) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Award: PGC2018-099596-B-I00, Peer reviewed

Dos inscripciones es un escudo incrustado en el muro del callejón del arco de la Iglesia de la trinidad. Una inscripción es un lema; en latín; el otro es el nombre del linaje: "Briones"., CSIC. Proyecto intramural: “Epigrafía latina inédita de los siglos XV al XVIII en monumentos civiles y eclesiásticos de la provincia de Cuenca (2006-2007). Referencia: 2006 | 0| 011., Peer reviewed

Statistical data described in the article and the solfware SPSS. Repetition of all the experiments (two times eachs), check of the controls, assurance of good and reproducible conditions., Experiment performed in the lab, following details described in the publication: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2023.106392. http://hdl.handle.net/10261/334329, Ministry of Science and Innovation, grant PID2019-104112RB I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103). IVD was financed by a FPI-UR 2020 from University of La Rioja MMGT was financed by a FPI-CAR-2022 from University of La Rioja MP was financed by a FPI-UR-2022 from University of La Rioja EC was financed by the Erasmus+ - KA1 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees Program of the European Commission under the PLANT HEALTH Project RC was financed by EU funds (LMT-K-712-21-0098), Peer reviewed

The collection point of seawater was in the Matxitxako cape, at the Urdaibai biosphere reserve, in the Cantabrian sea (Basque Country, Spain).-- Under a Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0., Table S1 The properties and composition of deionized water and seawater. Table S2 Relative influence of operating conditions and interactions on the experimental results according to the ANOVA and cause-effect Pareto analyses. Table S3 Detailed GC-MS peak area for biocrude (area%). Table S4 Summary of C. vulgaris HTT for biocrude and hydrochar production., This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21536007), the 111 project (B17030), and the I + D + i project PID2020-115053RB-I00, funded by Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Yingdong Zhou acknowledges the support from China Scholarship Council (CSC No. 202006240156). Javier Remón and Jesús Gracia are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for their JdC (IJC2018-037110-I) and FPI (PRE2018-085182) fellowships., Peer reviewed

Table S1 List of mini-barcodes designed based on 2000 Nematoda and Platyhelminthes DNA sequences. Table S2 List of mini-barcodes designed based on the full dataset of 5000 DNA sequences: 1000 sequences per phylum (Phragmoplastophyta, Apicomplexa, Arthropoda, Nematoda and Platyhelminthes). Table S3 Taxonomic coverage and resolution at different taxonomic levels (in percentage) of each primer pair across the 10 target phyla and their respective kingdoms. Figure S1 Diagram of the sample processing, from fecal samples to sequencing in an Illumina MiSeq NGS platform. Figure S2 Amplicon lengths in each barcode., Peer reviewed

Under a Creative Commons license BY-NC 4.0, Table S1. TPG Composition. All data in volume percentage. Table S2. CTT Sulphur mass balance. All data in weight percentage. Table S3. PCT Sulphur mass balance. All data in weight percentage., This work is part of the BLACKCYCLE project (For the circular economy of tyre domain: recycling end of life tyres into secondary raw materials or tyres and other product applications) which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869625. The authors would also like to thank the Regional Government of Aragon (DGA) for the support provided under the research groups support programme and CSIC for the interdisciplinary thematic platform SUSPLAST., Peer reviewed

Figure S1. XRD patterns of fresh Ir/Nb/Ti catalysts (a). Green squares correspond to peaks of Nb2O5. The insert (b) corresponds to the dotted square area of fresh 1Ir/10Nb/Ti catalyst. XRD pattern of after reaction 1Ir/5Nb/Ti catalyst is also presented. Figure S2. (a) Selected area electron diffraction of TiO2 nanoparticles with 1% Ir content. (b) HRTEM images of TiO2 nanocrystals viewed in the [211] direction, FFT diffractogram is inserted. (c) and (d) size distributions of 55 TiO2 particles and 22 Ir particles randomly selected. Figure S3. Cs-corrected STEM-HAADF. a) Low-magnification image showing some Nb nanoparticles formed. b) Low-magnification image where Nb was not visualized as it still remained highly dispersed as in the original material. c) Atomic-resolution observation of a TiO2 with the same metallic distribution as the material before reaction (with the Ir species on the surface, bright layer). d) Chemical maps obtained from the image shown in (a). Figure S4. O(1s) XPS core-level spectra.-- Under a Creative Commons license BY-NC-ND 4.0, Figure S1. XRD patterns of fresh Ir/Nb/Ti catalysts. Figure S2. Figure S3. Cs-corrected STEM-HAADF. Figure S4. O(1s) XPS core-level spectra., This work was supported by the Regional Government of Aragon (DGA) under the research groups support programme. We also thank the MAT2017-84118-C2-1-R MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ project and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. This research was also funded by MINECO-Spain, grant number PRE2018-085211., Peer reviewed

S1.- Electrode manufacturing scheme: Figure S1. Scheme of the process of electrode manufacturing. S2.- Mössbauer spectroscopy: Figure S2. Mössbauer effect spectra of the studied iron oxides with fitted components and distribution of doublets and sextets as explained in the manuscript. Table S1. Fitted parameters of the Mössbauer spectra using WinNormos software. Isomer shifts (δ) given with respect to α-Fe. Errors in brackets. For distributions, the average value of δ is given. Max1 and max2 indicate the maxima in the distribution values of quadrupole splitting ∆ (doublets) or hyperfine field Bhf (sextets). S3.- Determination of crystallite size: The size of the crystallites of each phase, hematite and maghemite, was determined as follows. The powder-diffractograms were fitted by the Rietveld method using FullProf software. In the fits we used the Thompson-Cox-Hastings (TCH) pseudo-Voigt shape for reflections. Instead of the full width of the reflection and pseudo-Voigt mixing parameter, the parametrization of the TCH pseudo-Voigt function allows to calculate the Gaussian and Lorentzian widths, which can be readily identified with crystallite-size effects, microstrains and instrumental resolution broadening. The integral breadth corresponding to size effects finally gives the crystallite size through the Scherrer formula, thus excluding contributions from the instrumental resolution. No strain contribution to the reflections broadening was considered in the present case. Table S2. Relative molar fractions of iron in hematite and maghemite in %, assuming identical recoilless fractions for both oxides. The values for Fe2O3-TAR-N2 were obtained by fitting the distribution of hyperfine values above 45 T with two Gaussians. The area of the Gaussian centered at ≈51 T yields the contribution of hematite; the rest of the distribution is then assigned to maghemite. S4.- Nitrogen physisorption: Figure S3. Nitrogen physisorption isotherms at 77 K over a) Fe2O3-TAR-air and S-Fe2O3-TAR-air, b) Fe2O3-TAR-N2 and S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2, and c) Fe2O3-SHX-air. S5.- XPS spectra: Figure S4. XPS spectra of samples: a) Fe2O3-TAR-air, b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air, c) Fe2O3-TAR-N2, d) S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2, and e) Fe2O3-SHX-air. Carbon percentages are overestimated because of adventitious carbon. Figure S5. XPS spectra of orbitals Fe2p (left) and S2p (right) of samples: a) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air, and b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2. Figure S6. XPS spectra of orbital O1s of samples: a) Fe2O3-TAR-air, b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air, c) Fe2O3-TAR-N2, d) S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2, and e) Fe2O3-SHX-air. S6.- FESEM and TEM/STEM images of the iron oxides: Figure S7. FESEM micrographs at 50k magnification of iron oxides a) Fe2O3-TAR-air, b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air, c) Fe2O3-TAR-N2, d) S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2, and e) Fe2O3-SHX-air. Figure S8. TEM micrographs of iron oxides a) Fe2O3-TAR-air, b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air. STEM images for c) Fe2O3-TAR-air, d) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air. S7.- Electrochemical reactions on the electrodes and electrodes deactivation During charge (dotted lines), all of the composites show a first plateau at around -0.95 V vs Hg|HgO, associated to the reduction of iron (III) to iron (II), and a second longer plateau where both the reduction of iron (II) to metallic iron and the HER take place at -1.18 V vs Hg|HgO. When discharging (solid lines), the plateau corresponding to the oxidation of Fe to Fe(OH)2 is visible at around -0.92 V vs Hg|HgO and the plateau of the formation of iron (III) appears between -0.75 and -0.70 V vs Hg|HgO. Two interesting facts related to all of the electrodes must be noted: first, that both discharge plateaus are roughly the same length. While the stoichiometry of the reactions indicates that two electrons are transferred in the first step and only one in the second and so, the first discharge plateau should be twice the length of the second one. This means that not all the iron (II) hydroxide molecules are reducing to metallic iron and oxidizing to Fe(OH)2 again. The second remarkable fact is that the second discharge plateau appears to be divided into two: a first shorter plateau and a second longer one. This suggests that the oxidation of Fe(OH)2 to FeOOH or Fe2O3 occurs through an intermediary, probably Fe3O4. Figure S9. Detail of the processes of charge and discharge of an iron oxide electrode. Figure S10. Model applied to the discharge capacity of electrodes a) Fe2O3-TAR-air, b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air, c) Fe2O3-TAR-N2, and d) Fe2O3-SHX-air. Figure S11. Post-mortem XPS analyses of orbitals a) Fe2p and b) O1s of electrode Fe2O3-TAR-N2. S8.- Influence of the physical-chemical properties on rate capability The rate capability of the electrodes S-Fe2O3-TAR-air and S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2 was tested performing charge-discharge cycles at C-rates of 0.8 - 0.4 C and 1.6 C - 0.8 C. The electrode S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2, with lower porosity and surface area, is more affected by higher C-rates, as its f factor decreases from 0.962 to 0.891 when increasing the charge-discharge rates from 0.4 - 0.2 C to 1.6 - 0.8 C. This effect is not as strong in electrode S-Fe2O3-TAR-air (f factor barely decreases, from 0.976 to 0.970). Figure S12. Model applied to the discharge capacity of electrodes a) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air and, b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2 at higher C-rates. S9.- Additional EIS data: The equivalent circuit fitted to the Nyquist diagrams of samples Fe2O3-TAR-air and Fe2O3-TAR-N2 is the same as in Figure 7 in the main text. The Nyquist diagram and fitted parameters of Fe2O3-TAR-air show little variability, with the charge transfer resistance increasing ca. 10% after 15 cycles. Fe2O3-TAR-N2, by contrast, shows an increment of 120 mV, more than threefold. Figure S13. Nyquist diagrams of EIS tests after 1 and after 15 cycles of electrodes: a) Fe2O3-TAR-air and b) Fe2O3-TAR-N2 Table S3. Optimized parameters of equivalent circuit (Figure 7 in the main text) for the electrodes in Figure S13. S9.- Post-mortem textural characterization: Figure S14 shows the N2 physisorption obtained for two electrodes, considering a fresh electrode (without cycling) and an electrode cycled 20 times. Both of the tested electrodes (S-Fe2O3-TAR-air and S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2) showed a similar decrease in their surface area and pore volume, as the iron oxides expanded, occupying the pores of the carbon matrix. This phenomenon was investigated by Yang et al. Coincidently with what they found, the electrode S-Fe2O3-TAR-air showed a greater decline in pore size (see Table S4), from 14.1 nm to 6.8 nm, while S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2 average pore diameter increased from 13.8 nm to 16.6 nm. This indicates a better utilization and better contact between the carbon and iron phases in S-Fe2O3-TAR-air electrode, and thus, a greater stability. Figure S14. Adsorption isotherms of electrodes: a) S-Fe2O3-TAR-air, and b) S-Fe2O3-TAR-N2; before cycling and after 20 cycles. Table S4. Textural properties of the fresh and cycled electrodes.-- Under a Creative Commons license BY-NC-ND 4.0., Figure S1.- Electrode manufacturing scheme. S2.- Mössbauer spectroscopy: Figure S2. Mössbauer effect spectra of the studied iron oxides with fitted components and distribution of doublets and sextets as explained in the manuscript. Table S1. Fitted parameters of the Mössbauer spectra using WinNormos software. S3.- Determination of crystallite size: Table S2. Relative molar fractions of iron in hematite and maghemite in %, assuming identical recoilless fractions for both oxides. S4.- Nitrogen physisorption. S5.- XPS spectra: Figure S4. XPS spectra of samples. Figure S5. XPS spectra of orbitals Fe2p and S2p of samples. Figure S6. XPS spectra of orbital O1s of samples. S6.- FESEM and TEM/STEM images of the iron oxides: Figure S7. FESEM micrographs at 50k magnification of iron oxides. Figure S8. TEM micrographs of iron oxides. S7.- Electrochemical reactions on the electrodes and electrodes deactivation: Figure S9. Detail of the processes of charge and discharge of an iron oxide electrode. Figure S10. Model applied to the discharge capacity of electrodes. Figure S11. Post-mortem XPS analyses of orbitals. S8.- Influence of the physical-chemical properties on rate capability. Figure S12. Model applied to the discharge capacity of electrodes. S9.- Additional EIS data: Figure S13. Nyquist diagrams of EIS tests after 1 and after 15 cycles of electrodes. Table S3. Optimized parameters of equivalent circuit (Figure 7 in the main text) for the electrodes in Figure S13. S9.- Post-mortem textural characterization: Figure S14. Adsorption isotherms of electrodes, before cycling and after 20 cycles. Table S4. Textural properties of the fresh and cycled electrodes., The authors wish to acknowledge Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) for the PID2020-115848RB-C21 grant. The authors also thank the European Union and the NextGeneration EU program for the funding on grant TED2021-130279A-I00. Authors also acknowledge Gobierno de Aragón (DGA) for the financial support to Grupo de Conversión de Combustibles (T06_20R). N. Villanueva acknowledges also DGA for his pre-doctoral contract., Peer reviewed

The age-depth model for core 7 is based on four radiocarbon (14C) dates from well-preserved monospecific samples of planktonic foraminifera (Neogloboquadrina incompta or Globorotalia inflata) measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory (https://radiocarbon.pl/). Grain-size analysis and distribution were performed using a Coulter LS 100 laser particle size analyser on both the bulk fraction (223 samples) and noncarbonate fraction (465 samples) (http://www.ccit.ub.edu/EN/m6sm2.html). Grain-size statistical parameters were calculated using GRADISTAT software. Geochemical analysis was performed along core 7 with an Avaatech X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanner operated at both 10 kV and 30 kV and with a 1 cm sampling interval at Barcelona University (https://www.ub.edu/portal/web/dp-dinamica-terra-ocea/xrf-core-scanner-laboratory)., The research presents for the first time a jointly analysis about the impact of the light intermediate Mediterranean (LMW) and dense deep Mediterranean (DMW) bottom currents on the sedimentation in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean) and its paleoceanographic significance in response to climatic oscillations from the last glacial period to the Holocene. For that, an integration of chronostratigraphical, sedimentological, and compositional data from contourites formed by those water masses is carried out. That integration enable us to define three distinct contourite stratigraphic models. (I) The contourite terrace model, characterized by coarse-grained contourites, which is an archive of the interplay between the high-energy Atlantic Water-LMW interface and glacioeustasy from the Younger Dryas to the Holocene. (II) The contourite drift models, which are archives of rapid ocean-climate coupled fluctuations since 29.5 kyr. They comprise coarse-grained contourites formed by a relatively fast LMW and fine-grained contourites formed by a relatively weak DMW, except for the Heinrich Stadials HS3 to HS1 and YD when coarse-grained contourites were deposited. (III) The contourite/turbidite mixed model represents another archive of DMW and glacioeustasy interplay from the end of the late Pleistocene to Holocene., That contourite stratigraphy allows us to infer for the first time the relative variability of the LMW versus DMW flow regimes, which records differences and similarities. The similarities indicate that the LMW and DMW fluctuations occur in parallel at millennial and centennial time scales. The differences refer to the overall higher velocity of LMW versus DMW; the magnitude changes in velocities that are lower for LMW and higher for DMW; the recognition of three short ventilation events (a, b, c) during HS1 and HS2 for only DMW; and the distinct LMW and DMW responses to the onset of glacial conditions and return to interglacial conditions during the HSs, YD and Holocene cold periods, CONTOURIBER (Ref. CTM 2008-06399-C04); FAUCES (CTM2015-65461-C2-1-R), With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Tables showing the Oxygen isotope (δ18O) results of cores 7 and C8; the texture, D50, and sorting of bulk fraction from all studied cores and sand percentage, D50, and UP10 percentage of non-carbonate fraction from cores 7 and C8; and the Zr/Rb ratio of cores 7 and C8, Peer reviewed